1 bio 101 laboratories 11 & 12 muscle histology gross human skeletal muscle cat muscle...
TRANSCRIPT
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Bio 101
Laboratories 11 & 12
Muscle HistologyGross Human Skeletal MuscleCat Muscle Dissection I & II
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What you should do in labs 11 & 12 …
• Today (Lab 11)– Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)
– Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
– Begin cat muscle dissection
– Get tested on histology and human skeletal muscle before leaving
• Next Lab (Lab 12)– Finish cat muscle dissection
– Review muscle histology
– Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
– Get tested on cat muscles before leaving
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Histology of Muscle Tissue
• Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view under the microscope– Skeletal (slide # 1310)– Cardiac w/intercalated disc (slide # 1790)– Smooth (slide # 1250, 3008 – histological preparation)
See Activity 4 (pp. 83-84) in Marieb’s Lab Manual Muscle Tissue Characteristics
Complete #19 (table), Review Sheet 6, page 88. This will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam
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Skeletal Muscle
• Major characteristics– Contractile– Voluntary– Striated– Multinucleated– Unbranched
• Major Functions– Voluntary movement– Heat generation
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Skeletal Muscle
Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched
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Cardiac Muscle
• Major characteristics– Contractile– Involuntary– Striated– Single nucleus– Branched– Intercalated discs
• Major Function– Pump blood
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Cardiac Muscle
Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated disks
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Smooth Muscle
• Major characteristics– Contractile– Involuntary– NOT Striated– Single, centrally located nucleus– Unbranched
• Major Function– Controls size/shape of organs– Constricts blood vessels
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Smooth Muscle
Notice that this tissue is: Not striated, mononucleated, and non-branched
Cytology
Histology
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Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy
• Use Figures 15.2 (page 200) and 15.3 (page 201) in Marieb’s Exercise 15 for an overview.
• Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for which you’ll be responsible on the lab exam
• Refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Study Guide for more specifics on the muscles you need to know.
• Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, beginning on page 679 in Marieb’s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially important for clinical practice)
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Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy
• Muscular system– All skeletal muscles that can be controlled
voluntarily– Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans
• Shape or appearance give clues to function– Locomotion and posture; work across joints
• Origin – point of muscle attachment that moves least
• Insertion – point of muscle attachment that moves most
– Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue– Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening
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How Skeletal Muscles Are Named
• Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles– Direction
• Orientation relative to body midline
• Rectus, transverse, oblique
– Size• Relative size of muscle
• Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus
– Shape• Relative shape of muscle
• Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid
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How Skeletal Muscles Are Named
• Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles– Action
• Principle action• Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator
– Number of origins• Number of tendons of origin• Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)
– Location• Temporalis, femoris
– Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name)• Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid
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Muscles of the Head
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Notice how the origins and insertions work…
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.htmlAlso see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle
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Muscles of the Upper Body
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Muscles of the Upper Body
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Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula
Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Muscles that Move the Foot
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Muscles that Move the Foot
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Cat Dissection
• Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 on page 697 of Marieb’s Laboratory Manual.
• Refer to your Laboratory Guide for a list of the cat muscles you’ll need to identify for the lab exam.
• Note:– Some muscles are superficial and some are deep – It’s best to do superficial dissection on one side of
the cat, and deep dissection on the other
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Gastrocnemius
Sartorius
Xiphihumeralis
Pectoralis major
Pectoantebrachi
alis Pectoralis
minor External oblique
Gracilis
Tibialis anterior
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**
*
**
*
*
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Biceps femoris
Tensor fasciae latae
Gluteal muscles
Lumbodorsal fascia
Acromiotrapezius
Spinodeltoid
Clavodeltoid
Clavotrapezius
Levator scapulae ventralis
Spinotrapezius
Latissimus dorsi
External oblique
Sartorius
SemitendinosusGastrocnemiu
s
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Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid
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Clavotrapezius
Sternomastoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric muscles
Sternohyoid
ID neck muscles by photograph only
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Pectoralis minor
Pectoantebrachialis
Pectoralis major
Xiphihumeralis
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*
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Rectus abdominis
Xiphihumeralis
Pectoralis major
PectoantebrachialisPectoralis minor
External oblique
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* *
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Pectoantebrachialis
Xiphihumeralis
Latissimus dorsi
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Internal oblique
External oblique (cut and reflected)
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
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*
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Serratus ventralis
Rectus abdominis
Pectoralis major
Pectoantebrachialis
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*
*
*
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Lumbodorsal fascia
Latissimus dorsi
Spinotrapezius
Acromiotrapezius
Spinodeltoid
Clavotrapezius
Clavodeltoid
Acromiodeltoid
Levator scapulae ventralis
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*
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Latissimus dorsi
ClavotrapeziusAcromiotrapezius
Spinotrapezius
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* *
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Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius
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Clavodeltoid
Acromiodeltoid
Spinodeltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Spinotrapezius
Acromiotrapezius
Levator scapulae ventralis
Clavotrapezius
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid
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Pronator teres
Triceps brachii (medial head)
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
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*
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Triceps brachii
Epitrochlearis
Biceps brachii
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis
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*
*
*
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Epitrochlear
is Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronator
teres Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Brachioradialis
Biceps brachii *
*
**
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Extensor carpi ulnarisExtensor digitorum
lateralisExtensor digitorum communis
Triceps brachii (lateral head)Triceps
brachii (long head)
Spinodeltoid
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Clavotrapezius
Acromiodeltoid
Clavodeltoid
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Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads)
Clavodeltoid
Brachioradialis
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Gracilis
Sartorius*
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PectineusTensor fasciae
lataeRectus femoris
Fascia lata
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Semimembranosus
Adductor femoris
Adductor longus
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Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor femoris
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Semimembranosus
Vastus lateralis
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Flexor digitorum longus
Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
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*
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Gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
Flexor digitorum longus
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Biceps femoris Tensor fasciae latae
SemimembranosusSemitendinosus
Caudofemoralis
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
*
*
* *
*
*
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Caudofemoralis
Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
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*
*
*
*
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Soleus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis muscles
Gastrocnemius
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For next regular lab…
• For Brain and Cranial Nerves; Sheep brain
– Read Exercises 24 and 25 in Wood’s Lab Manual• (Ex 24) Spinal cord anatomy: pp. 361-366
• (Ex 25) Human Brain anatomy: pp. 377-389
• (Ex 25) Cranial Nerves: pp. 389-394
• (Ex 25) Sheep brain: pp. 395-398