Histology Muscle / Membranes /

DiseaseLambert

Anatomy and Phys.

VII. Muscle (3rd type tissue)• General Function:

– Movement, generate heat

3 types muscle tissue

1. Skeletal

2. Smooth (visceral)

3. Cardiac

1. Skeletal muscle:Aka: voluntary, striatedStructure: multinucleated, striatedFunction: movement, generate heatLocation: muscular system

2. Smooth (visceral)involuntaryStructure: tapered cell, no striationslocation: walls of hollow organs, stomach, intestines, blood vessels, hair follicle

Function: pump blood throughout body, works in conjunction with nervous and respiratory systems

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Skeletal tissue

• Smooth Muscle

3. Cardiac:

involuntary striated

Structure: cardiocytes, intercalated discs (connect each cardiocyte to each other so heart beats as one unit)

Function: pump blood throughout body, works in conjunction with nervous and respiratory systems

• Cardiac tissue

VII. Nervous Tissue• Nervous system consists of :

– Brain– Spinal cord– nerves

• Function: regulate and integrate activities of body

• 2 types of nerves1. Neurons : conducting cells

2. Neuroglia : supports neurons

Neuron structure:

soma = cell body, contains organelles

axon - carries signal away from cell body

dendrite- carries singnal toward cell body

• Neuron

IX. Body Membranes

Membrane - thin sheetlike structure

Function:

1. Covers and protects body surfaces

2. Lines body cavities

3. Covers inner surfaces of hollow organs

4. Anchor organs

5. Secrete lubricating fluids to decrease friction

2 types of membranes:

1 Epithelial

2. Connective

1. Epithelial membrane

Epithelial tissue and connective tissue

3 types of Epithelial Membranes

1. Cutaneous

covers body surfaces exposed to ext. environment

Ex. Skin (16% of body weight)

2. Serous MembraneLines cavities NOT open to external

environment and covers many of organs inside cavities

Ex.parietal membrane: lines wall of cavityVisceral memb. - covers surface of organsPleura memb. - surrounds lungsPeritoneium - covers and lines abdominal

cavityPericardium - surrounds heart

3. Mucous Membrane

epithelial membrane lines body surfaces opening directly to external

Ex. Lining of respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts

2nd type membrane- connective tissue membrane

• DOES NOT contain epithelial cells

• Ex. Synovial membranes - lines spaces between bones and joints and contains synovial fluid to help reduce friction

X. Disease and Tissue

Neoplasms -abnormal growth of cells (tumors)– Classifie as benign or malignant

Benign -• Cells DO NOT spread to other tissues and ususally grow very

slowly

Malignant

cells tend to grow faster and spread

hyperplasia- uncontrolled cell division

anaplasia - uncontrolled division of abnormal cells

3 types Neoplasms

1. Epithelial tumors

2. Connective tissue tumors

3. Miscellaneous tumors

1. Epithelial tumorsBenign-

papilloma - fingerlike projections

adenoma - glandular tumor

nevus - small pigmented skin tumors

Malignant

carcinomas - malignancy of epithelial tissue

melanoma - cancer of skin pigment cells

adenocarcinoma - glandular cancer

2. Connective Tissue Tumors

Benign

Osteoma - bone tumor

lipoma - adipose tumor

chondroma - cartilage tumor

Malignant tumors

sarcomas

lymphoma - lymphatic cancer