08 07 01 strand anchors geotechnical

ÐñïåíôåôáìÝíá áãêýñéá óõñìáôïó÷ïßíïõ

Post tensioning ground anchors

R

ÅËÅÂÏÑ Á.Å.Â.Å. - Í. & Å. ÌÁÑÃÁÑÉÔÇÓ

ÅËËÇÍÉÊÏÓ ÃÅÙÔÑÇÔÉÊÏÓ ÅÎÏÐËÉÓÌÏÓ

GE

OT

EC

HN

ICA

L

INDEX

Page 1. ANCHORAGES 1 1.1 Rock anchors 1 1.2 Functional parts of rock anchors 1 1.3 Parts of the rock anchor 1 2. ROCK ANCHORS TYPOLOGIES 2 2.1 “TPR” Temporary rock anchors 2 2.2 “TPE” Permanent rock anchors 2 3. TEMPORARY ROCK ANCHORS 3 3.1 Type TPR-00 3 3.2 Type TPR-01 4 3.3 Type TPR-04 5 4. PERMANENT ROCK ANCHORS 6 4.1 Type TPE-02 6 4.2 Type TPE-05 7 4.3 Type TPE-08 8 5. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS 9 5.1 Extractable “SF” 9 5.2 Re-groutable “RI” 9 5.3 Dielectric “DE” 9 5.4 Monitored “MO” 9 6. ROCK ANCHORS PRODUCTION 10 6.1 Corrugated sheaths 11 6.2 Grouting/vent pipes 11 6.3 Smooth sheaths 12 6.4 Pads 12 6.5 Packer 13 6.6 Manchette pipes 13 6.7 End caps 14 6.8 Internal spacers 15 6.9 External spacers 16 6.10 Rock anchors assembling 17 6.11 Storage 18 6.12 Double piston XG27-600 19 6.13 Protection caps 20 6.14 Quality, identification and traceability of the materials 20 7. Anchorages typologies 21 7.1 Strand 21 7.2 Bars 21 7.3 “ TTR” anchorages 22 7.4 “ TTM and TTM-F ” anchorages 23

8. EQUIPMENTS 24 8.1 Hydraulic pumps type “TTM-A” 24 8.2 Stressing jacks type “ TTM ” 26 8.3 Master gauge “ S1000 “ 27 8.4 Stressing jacks for bars “ DD ” 28 8.5 Hydraulic pumps type “TTM-E” 29 8.6 Stressing jacks type “ M ” 30 8.7 Load cells “DI” 32 8.8 Grouting pumps type “ T “ 34 9. REINFORCEMENT 36 9.1 Strand 36 9.2 Bars 37 10. SITES 39 − All the materials are made in compliance with the norm UNI EN-1537 2002 “Execution of

special geotechnical work Ground Anchors”. − Revision of catalogue A. − Date of issue: 10 June 2003

1

1 - ANCHORAGES 1.1 - Rock anchors Structural element working in traction, transmitting coaction’s forces to rocks and grounds. 1.2 - Functional parts of the rock anchor These parts are:

• Head: set of the terminal elements suitable for the transmission of the traction force of the rock anchor to the anchored structure or directly to the rock.

• Free length: set of elements suitable to transmit the traction force from the head to the bond length.

• Bond length: set of elements suitable to transmit the traction force of the rock anchor to the ground

1.3 - Parts of the rock anchor The functional parts of the rock anchor are:

• Blocking device and distribution plate of the head; • Reinforcement and sheath; • Anchoring device of the foundation.

Free lengthbond length

The typologies of elementary rock anchor which are commercialised in different load categories are:

- TPE-09 - TPE-08 - TPE-05 - TPR-04 - TPE-02 - TPR-01 - TPR-00

Other types of rock anchors can be commercialised as variations of the above-mentioned typologies

D:\ELEBOR\??????a\TTM Strand anchors\Geotechnical - Ground anchors\Complete\1st Part.doc 2

2 - ROCK ANCHOR TYPOLOGIES 2.1 - “TPR” Temporary rock anchors They are employed in provisional structures for the containment of bulkheads or with structures, which, at the end of the work, don’t need the static function of the rock anchor any longer. The provisional anchorages are divided into the following typologies:

- Extractable - Monitored by cell

According to UNI EN 1537-2002, as “temporary anchorages” are defined such anchorages which will be active for a period of no more than two years. 2.2 - “TPE” Permanent anchorages They are used in structures where the action of the rock anchor is required for a long and important time in the life of the structure. Permanent anchorages are divided into the following typologies:

- Extractable - Re-groutable - Dielectric - Monitored by cell

According to UNI EN 1537-2002, as “permanent anchorages” are defined such anchorages which will be active for a period of more than two years. The following parts compose anchorages:

- TTR o TTM head anchorage - Free length - Packer (if required) - Bond length


3 –TEMPORARY ROCK ANCHORS 3.1 - TPR-00 Type They are formed by strands in harmonic steel and sheathed and greased separately in the free length. The TPR-00 anchorage is usually used in the construction of bulkheads and diaphragms where the ground doesn’t show any particular geotechnical problem. The protection of the free length is obtained through greasing and sheathing of every single strand. The separation of the free length from the bond length is made using a sealing pad allowing a perfect tightness between the parts. In the bond length the strands are divided by suitable spacers and, being placed in sinusoidal shape by steel strips and taping, they allow to increase their adherence with the concrete mix of the foundation. The grouting is carried out by a 16x20 polyethylene pipe.

Free lengthBond length

Variation from the standard

- Insertion of the packer - Bond length (free length protected by woven-not-woven socket), - Further grouting pipes - Protection caps


3.2 - Type TPR-01 They are formed by strands in harmonic steel covered by smooth sheath in H.D.P.E. The anchorage type TPR-01 is usually used for the construction of bulkheads and partitions where the ground doesn’t show any particular geotechnical problem. The protection of the free length is obtained through the use of smooth sheath in H.D.P.E. The division between free length and bond length occurs through a sealing pad, which allows a perfect airtight sealing between the two parts. In the bond length the strands are divided by special spacers. Thanks to their sinusoidal shape, the strands allow to increase their adherence with the cement mixture of the foundation through suitable steel strip and taping. The grouting (primary and free length) occurs through a tube in polyethylene 16x20.


Variation A



- Insertion of the packer - Free length covered by corrugated sheath instead of smooth sheath (suggested variation) - Free length with individually greased and sheathed strands (suggested variation) - Bond length (free length protected by woven-not-woven socket) - Further grouting pipes - Protection cap


3.3 - Type TPR-04 They are formed by strands in harmonic steel covered on their free length by smooth sheath in H.D.P.E. The anchorage type TPR-04 is usually used for the construction of bulkheads and partitions where the ground doesn’t show any particular geotechnical problem. The protection of the free length is obtained through the use of smooth sheath in H.D.P.E. The division between free length and bond length occurs through a sealing pad, which allows a perfect airtight sealing between the two parts. In the bond length the strands are divided by suitable spacers and, being placed in sinusoidal shape by steel strips and taping, they allow to increase their adherence with the concrete mix of the foundation. The grouting (primary and free length) is carried out by a 27/34-manchette pipe.



- Insertion of the packer - Free length covered by corrugated sheath instead of smooth sheath (suggested variation) - Free length with individually greased and sheathed strands (suggested variation) - Bond length (free length covered by woven-not-woven socket) - Further grouting pipes - Protection cap.


4 - PERMANENT ROCK ANCHORS 4.1 - Type TPE-02 They are formed by strands in harmonic steel covered on their free length by smooth sheath in H.D.P.E. and by corrugated sheath in H.D.P.E. on the bond length. The anchorage type TPR-02 is usually used for the construction of bulkheads and partitions where the ground shows particular geotechnical problems. The protection of the free length is obtained through the use of smooth sheath in H.D.P.E. The division between free length and bond length occurs through a sealing pad, which allows a perfect airtight sealing between the two parts. In the active part the strands are divided by special spacers and, being placed in sinusoidal shape by steel strips and taping, they allow to increase their adherence with the cement mixture of the foundation. The grouting (primary and free length) occurs through a tube in polyethylene 16x20.


Variation A



- Insertion of the packer - Free length covered by corrugated sheath instead of smooth sheath (suggested variation) - Free length with individually greased and sheathed strands (suggested variation) - Tube 27/34 externally valved equipped with external valves manchette in order to allow

repeated grouting - Bond length (free length covered by woven-not-woven socket) - Further grouting pipes - Protection cap.


4.2 - Type TPE-05 They are formed by strands in harmonic steel covered on their free length by smooth sheath in H.D.P.E., greased and individually covered by sheaths in PVC. The foundation is covered by corrugated sheath in H.D.P.E. The anchorage type TPR-05 is usually used for the construction of bulkheads and partitions where the ground shows particular geotechnical problems. The division between free length and bond length occurs through a sealing pad, which allows a perfect airtight sealing between the two parts. In the active part the strands are divided by special spacers. Thanks to their sinusoidal shape, the strands allow to increase their adherence with the cement mixture of the foundation through suitable steel strip and taping. This type of strand is equipped with a tube 27/34 with special RRM valves on the foundation fitted to individual and repeated external grouting. On the same tube there are also: n° 2 valves manchette for the internal grouting of the bond length, a valve for the grouting of the packer and a valve for the grouting of the free length. All the anchorages are equipped with a set of DD-ED spacers on the bond length.


- Insertion of the packer - Free length covered by corrugated sheath instead of smooth sheath (suggested variation) - Bond length (free length covered by woven-not-woven socket)

- Further grouting pipes - Protection cap.


4.3 - Type TPE-08 They are formed by strands in harmonic steel covered on their free length by smooth sheath in H.D.P.E. and individually covered by sheaths in PVC and grease. The bond length is covered by corrugated sheath in H.D.P.E. The anchorage type TPR-08 is usually used for the construction of bulkheads and partitions where the ground shows particular geotechnical problems. The protection of the free length is obtained through the employment of smooth sheath in H.D.P.E. The division between free length and bond length occurs through a sealing pad, which allows a perfect airtight sealing between the two parts. In the bond length the strands are divided by special spacers. Thanks to their sinusoidal shape, the strands allow to increase their adherence with the cement mixture of the foundation through suitable steel strip and taping. The grouting (primary and free length) occurs through a tube in polyethylene 16x20. This type of strand is equipped with a ½” external tube with special valves manchette on the bond length fitted to individual and repeated grouting. The grouting pipe of the free length grouts the free length as well. All the anchorages are equipped with a set of DD-ED spacers on the bond length.


Variation A


Variation from the standard - Insertion of the packer - Free length covered by corrugated sheath instead of smooth sheath (suggested variation) - Bond length (free length covered by

woven-not-woven socket) - Further grouting pipes


5 –SPECIAL APPLICATIONS Permanent anchorages can be supplied in the following versions: 5.1 - Extractable “SF” Where the extraction is possible at the end of the work they were installed for; they are used when it is necessary to remove them when the work is finished. For more details, please ask our technical department. 5.2 - Re-groutable “RI” Where repeated grouting in the bond length is possible; they are particularly indicated in sliming and sandy grounds, where the bond length can difficultly anchor the ground 5.3 - Dielectric “DE” They guarantee the typical function of the anchorage and are electrically insulated in order to guarantee protection from stray currents; they are particularly indicated in railway works, where the possibility of stray currents is very high. 5.4 - Monitored “MO” Particularly indicated when it is required a long-lasting control of the tensional and structural condition. Thanks to special building expedients it is possible to monitor applied load and structural condition of the bond length Every permanent anchorage can be supplied with protection caps of different size in accordance with the length of the strands out of the plate (if during the time a new stressing operator is required, caps which are suitable for a longer overlength must be used). These cap typologies are also available:

- TTR-100 (height 100 mm) - TTR-450 (height 450 mm) - TTR-800 (height 800 mm)

10

6 - ROCK ANCHORS PRODUCTION High automatic systems are used in order to guarantee a constant production and a quick service to the client; these systems allow getting an excellent production, safeguarding the quality of the product.

The stand production is divided into two lines. The plant allows a cutting power of 40.000 m strand per day by using numerically controlled systems, which guarantee high outputs. The plants are controlled by a central processing unit, which connects the confirmed offers directly to the production notes, facilitating the planning and reducing downtime and residues.

11

6.1 - Corrugated sheaths They are realised according to our specifications in H.D.P.E., with corrugation and thickness according to UNI EN 1537-2002 norms.

Corrugated sheaths are used in order to protect the bond length and, on demand, for the protection of the free length of the strand. Every sheath is provided with controlled thickness in observance of the internal specifications edited by our quality control

6.2 - Grouting/vent pipes They are realised in H.D.P.E. and their colours are in compliance with the following instruction:

GROUTING PIPE COLOURS

COLOUR DESCRIPTION GROUTING TYPE

Blue PRIMARY GROUTING Grey BOND LENGTH GROUTING White PACKER GROUTING ( 1 ) Red FREE LENGTH GROUTING

Green BOND LENGTH -FOUNDATION VENT

NOTE ( 1 ) Only when the anchorage is provided with

packer The indications of the correspondence colour/use are indicated on the free length of every anchorage with an appropriate instruction applied with adhesive. Every pipe measures 16x20 mm. In particular cases where, because of the dimensions and size, the insertion of the pipes is difficult 10x14 pipes are used for the only venting. Black – pipe for the protection of the strand in the free length of the anchorage.

12

6.3 - Smooth Sheaths They are realised according our specifications in H.D.P.E. and employed as protection for the free length with thickness in compliance with UNI EN 1537-2002 norms.

Smooth sheaths are provided with controlled thickness in compliance with the internal specifications edited by our quality control.

6.4 - Pads They are realised in butilic rubber and insulate the two areas divided by the pads from fluids; they also keep their properties constant even if the temperature changes. The quality of the pad is very important for a good carrying out of anchorage, because it allows to insulate the bond length grouted in the free length, allowing in this way a right tensioning and elongation of the strands.

Manual carrying out of a pad

The special mix winds up the strands, creating an area, which allows the concrete mix not to reach the free length of the anchorage. While unwinding the anchorage on the site must be paid much attention: if this operation is carried out in an abrupt way, a sliding of the anchorages caused by the elastic force of the strands can occur, damaging the pad. In order to avoid it we suggest moving the anchorages carefully, positioning them on a flat surface and unwinding them carefully.

13

6.5 – Packer

In order to divide the free length from the bond length is provided, if required, with a sack furnished with a grouting and venting system, which ensures a corrected filling. The sack is realised in woven-non-woven with a 300 gr/m2 basis weight.

6.6 - Manchette pipes They represent the most delicate part of the anchorage which ensures the winding of the anchorage on small diameters, resistance to working pressures, non deformability, resistance to low and high working pressures, resistance to sudden changes of temperature, always keeping its characteristic constant and allowing groutability with packer for every single valve Every anchorage manufactured with 27/34-manchette pipes is produced in single bars. The single bar has been adopted to guarantee a correct grouting with packer and a higher safety in recovering when the grouting is finished.

The high quality of the materials used in extruding the 27/34 pipe, guarantees the ductility while winding in order to allow a correct elastic return after this operation. However, it is suggested to unwind the rock anchors by the arrival on the site, in order allow an easy return of the 27/34 pipes into its initial shape.

14

6.7 - End caps

End cap welded on the and part of the anchorage

Plastic end cap for anchorages.

The end caps for rock anchors are divided into two types: in steel for provisional anchorages and polyethylene for permanent anchorages. The end caps in steel are welded on the ends of the anchorage in order to allow the threading of the anchorage in the perforation hole. The welding guarantees the fixing of the end cap to the strands, because of the natural non – weldability of the strands. All the anchorages have an end cap in H.D.P.E. connected with the corrugated protection sheath. The end cap in plastic is fixed to the corrugated sheath with a suitable taping which makes it jointed and makes the threading easier while perforating. If the rock anchor is provided with 27/34 internal manchette pipe the button is applied on the end part as end cap and plug.

Carrying out of a plastic end cap

15

6.8 - Internal spacers Internal spacers are realised in HDPE and are studied to allow a suitable distribution of the strands and guarantee a sinusoidal shape of the strands in the bond length

Assembled spacer

The assemblies are carried out by automatic and manual machines, which ensure a perfect carrying out of the assembly operation. Steel strips allow to ensure the steadiness of the sinusoid pace and its maintenance while unwinding of the rock anchor on the site.

Spacers

The sinusoidal shape of the strand in the rock anchor is a basic condition for suitable tightness of the bond length in the ground; this involves a careful and precise manufacture, which ensures a correct assembly.

Spacers steel strip on the bond length

Anchorages winding

16

6.9 - External spacers External spacers are available in two types: the DD-EF fixed type and the DD-ED dynamic type.

DD-ED spacers divided in two halves before the assembly

Assembled DD-EF spacers

The DD-ED type (flask shaped) ensures a dynamic effect of the external spacer, which allows, by changing its shape, a centring of the whole section of the perforation hole, on the circumference of the concerned section.

Assembled DD-ED spacers

The DD-EF type ensures only a fixed spacing of the anchorage from the perforation walls on four points, as provided for the UNI EN 1537 2002 Norm, point 6.6.

17

6.10 - Rock anchors assembly Rock anchors are assembled on automatic lines, where the manual ability is used only in activities, which cannot be traced to one cycle. The high specialization of the labourers, internal procedures, working instructions, plant calibrations, periodical verification, staff training, traceability of the product and business management guarantee high quality standards.

Taping on rock anchor

The production is articulated in order to observe the traceability of the product and the electronic identification of every rock anchor. All the rock anchors can be perfectly identified by a labelling which allows the identification per lot, client and typology; it is also possible to provide electronically the quality documentation about the materials of the rock anchor.

Every line is provided with a person in charge who supervises and organizes the work of four people employed in anchorage assembly. The notes are sent per modem to the central unit, which ensures the monitoring of every connected activity.

Assembly of bond length

18

6.11 - Storage The storage represents the most important part of rock anchors production. Their storage under cover, a suitable material handling, a division per lot and per client, a suitable protection and packing make the product qualified and rightly conserved, supplied with all the necessary expedients for a perfect storage on the site.

Winding and transportation to the storing area

Rock anchors load in the plant

The rock anchors are lifted by suitable lifting devices, which ensure a correct conservation of the sheaths. They are then moved in a storing area, ready for shipment. The rock anchorages are stored in suitable containers, which allow keeping the product divided per lot, typology and client. All the rock anchorages are packed in multiple pieces groups and they are identified one by one by a suitable labelling.

Rock anchors storage

Transportation After the storage the rock anchors must be moved with a special lifting system and put on the transportation vehicle, preserving sheaths and labelling from possible damages. The plates and the anchorages, provided in suitable containers, are put in the internal free length of the anchorages; much attention must be paid to their recovery on the site. We suggest the use of suitable lifting devices and to store the anchorages on a suitable surface in order to facilitate the unloading operations on the site.

19

6.12 –Double piston XG27-600

Flexible double piston type XG27-600

PO27 gaskets

The particular property of this piston is that it is adaptable to the deformations of the manchette pipe, always ensuring a perfect tightness of the grouting. It is employed in grouting on RRM valves or on manchette pipes. The double piston type XG27-600 is formed by a spring with two blocks with gaskets on the ends; the spring allows the double piston to conform to the bends of the manchette pipe keeping the seal also on deformed pipes.

Gasket for XG27-600 double piston type PO27. Special gaskets were realised in order to ensure a perfect seal and, at the same time, high resistance to corrosion caused by the typical abrasion of the concrete mixture. They are realized in special polyurethane, which ensures a perfect cleaning after the use and allows working pressures until 400 bars.

20

6.13- Protection caps

Cap on TTR plate

Protection caps are realised in Fe360D UNI 7070 steel. They can be provided both galvanized and painted with epoxidric covering.

All TTR, TTM and TTB anchorages can be provided with protection caps; they are available in two types: a short one (type C) and long one (type L). The caps can be employed in the following anchorages: - TTR-100 type to protect those anchorages with

short, not re-stressable strands, with length of 100 mm.

- TTR-450 type to protect those anchorages with long, re-stressable strands, with length of 450 mm.

- TTR-800 type to protect those anchorages with long, re-stressable strands, with length of 800 mm

6.14 - Quality, identification and traceability of the materials

Rock anchors labelling

Anchorages All the anchorages are identified by a labelling which indicates the characteristics of the product: - Rock anchor type - Number of strands - Client For the whole production the traceability is guarantee for a period of 5 years through bills of production

21

7- ANCHORAGES TYPOLOGIES We define “rock anchors” the devices used for transferring the traction of elementary rock anchors to the anchorage. They are commercialised with the following reinforcements: 7.1 - Strand For TTR anchorages and for rock anchors with 1 up to 9 strands with multi-jack stressing system; For TTM anchorages with 1up to 27 strands with mono-jack system.

7TTR15 anchorage 4TTM15-F anchorage

7.2 - Bars TTB anchorages for 26.5 mm, 32mm and 36 mm bars.

TTB anchorage

22

7.3 - TTR anchorages The TTR anchorage is the most practical one for anchorage stressing. Its best qualities are the easiness in carrying out stressing operations and the precision in stressing. The stressing of these anchorages is carried out simultaneously (in isopressure) with, so many TTR250KN-200 jacks how many are the assembled strands of the anchorage. With this system it is possible to apply the same load to every strand, avoiding stressing unbalance caused by free wires, which can lead to 30% stressing unbalance on the strands, if stressed with one jack on anchorages with free lengths shorter than 18 meters. TTR plates are realized in malleable iron, type GS500-7 UNI ISO 4544, 50-7 ISO, FGS 500-7 NF A 32-201, 500-7 BS 2789 and GGG50 DIN1693. The fixing on the plate occurs through conical bushes in steel C40-45 UNI EN 10083/1 and with wedges type 002/T15 in steel 12 NiCr3Pb UNI EN 10084-97 or type 001-T15 in steel SMnP28 UNI 4838.

C

D

G

B

A

FE

Plate type A B C D E F G (mm) ( mm) ( mm) ( mm) ( mm) ( mm) ( mm)

2TTR15 180 140 66-77 120 120 260 26 3TTR15 190 160 65-92 120 120 260 26 4TTR15 215 185 65-92 120 120 260 26 5TTR15 240 200 77-92 135 140 270 37 6TTR15 255 210 77-92 145 140 270 37 7TTR15 280 230 92-110 170 140 320 37 8TTR15 300 250 92-110 185 150 320 40 9TTR15 310 260 92-110 220 150 320 40

We reserve the right to change our products and specifications without prior notice

23

7.4 - TTM and TTM-F anchorages TTM anchorages are more practical for stressing on anchorages with more than 9 strands. This anchorage is more compact and with less load losses caused by deviations in the anchorage area. Special attention must be paid to stressing procedures while stressing with one jack. It is important to reduce the free wires on the free lengths before stressing in order to avoid load losses. The fixing of reinforcements occurs on a division plate with conical holes, in C40-45 UNI EN 10083/1 steel and with wedges type 002-T15 in steel 12Ni Cr3Pb UNI EN 10084-97 or type 001-T15 in SMnP28 UNI 4838 steel. It can be provided with threaded plate for future adjustments of the stressing in TTM-F version. The tensioning of these anchorages provides the use of “M” jacks, which require the use of suitable mechanical lifting devices.

smooth sheath

wall

cap

CA

E

D

seal

plastic pipe

F

Disk

grease

B

Plate type A B C D E F

( mm) ( mm) ( mm) ( mm) ( mm) ( mm) 2TTM15 100 150 260 62-92 110 110 3TTM15 120 180 300 92-110 113 122 4TTM15 130 200 350 92-110 117 122 5TTM15 140 220 350 110-120 122 122 6TTM15 150 250 370 110-120 123 127 7TTM15 160 280 390 110-120 127 137 8TTM15 180 300 450 120-130 140 150 9TTM15 190 325 450 140-150 160 150 12TTM15 200 360 500 140-150 160 180 15TTM15 210 390 500 150-160 170 186 19TTM15 220 410 500 170-180 190 210


24

8 - EQUIPMENTS 8.1 – “TTM-A” hydraulic pump Hydraulic pumps type TTM-A are available in six different kinds, depending from the kind of usage and features. “TTM-A” hydraulic pumps have a line out with a double connection for the stressing operations of the jacks type TTM and DD. All the machines are provided with three control circuits: stressing, wedging and reversal, where the wedging / reversal circuit is, on this type of machine, the same circuit.

All the circuits are provided with regulation valves and safety valves for overpressure. Control gauges are serially analogical. They can also be coupled with digital ones, with pressure 1 bar. Hydraulic pumps type 450, 550 and 600 have been conceived to be employed with simultaneous usage of 1 up to 12 mono strand jacks. Hydraulic pumps type 650, 700 and 750 have been conceived to work with DD jacks, for bar stressing, or jack at simple effect type TTM; they are not preset for the wedging circuit which is not required on this kind of jack.

Type Weight Max. pressure Power Tension/Ampere Use ( Kg. ) bar. KW TTM450-A 170 450-500 4.5 380/16 TTM TTM550-A 175 550-600 5.5 380/32 TTM TTM600-A 180 600-700 10 380/63 TTM TTM650-A 150 450-500 4.5 380/16 DD TTM700-A 170 550-600 5.5 380/32 DD TTM750-A 180 600-700 7.5 380/63 DD


25

DD-06-MF manifold

The equipments are provided with following power supply: 3P+T 63 A 380 Volt. 50 Hz. 3P+T 32 A 380 Volt. 50 Hz. 3P+T 16 A 380 Volt. 50 Hz.

Through a manifold all the hydraulic pumps can be connected with different stressing jacks. In order to do this, they are provided with a manifold, which allows the distribution of the generated pressure on multiple outlets.

Operator for the regulation of the pressure

All the machines are provided with a remote control, which, with its 10 meters long cable, allows the operator to check all the operative phases of the machine. Suitable regulation valves allow the operator to regulate manually the pressure in the two circuits of the machine with easiness and precision. All the equipment are in accordance with CE norms and are provided with a suitable labelling and calibration with 6 months validity

26

8.2 - “TTM” stressing jacks TTM jacks are available in three different models. All the jacks are preset with an automatic wedging circuit and 4 meters flexible pipes.

TTM250 KN jack

This kind of jack is mainly used for stressing works on TTR anchor heads. Stressing jacks type TTM250 KN are supplied together with the following equipments:

- TTM 450 KN hydraulic pump - DD-MF manifold

Characteristics U.M. TTM 250 KN TTM 300 KN TTM 350 KN Capacity KN 250 300 350 Stroke mm. 200 200 200 Weight Kg. 22 25 29 Stressing section cm2 47.2 58.32 65 Maximum stressing pressure bar 550 550 550 Maximum stressing pressure bar 180 180 180 Maximum locking pressure bar 180 180 180 Overlength mm. 2 2 2 Maximum diameter mm. 85 110 120 Length mm. 930 930 950


27

8.3 - S1000 master gauge Master manometer S1000 allows to carry out a comparing calibration of the hydraulic system in use, by using quick joints of the circuit. It is supplied in a suitable, isolated alum box, containing a digital manometer, with a four-digit display and 1 bar precision. The manometer can be supplied, when requested, with different kind of certification:

- Internal calibration, comparison calibration - Official calibration in an authorized laboratory

Master manometers have a working pressure of 1.000 bar; they are provided with CE labelling , are completely protected and have a identification number for the periodical controls from our technical service

28

8.4 - “DD” stressing jacks for bars Stressing jacks type “DD” are available in three different kinds, which differentiate for their use and characteristics. They are provided with 10 meters flexible pipes and a complete set of keys for the replacement of the pipes.

DD700KN jack

The screwing is realised by an internal chain drive, which, if operated by a special lever, allows screwing the nut. The lever is preset with a special device, which allows both the clamping and the unscrewing of the nut. A rugged case protects the gears connected with a chain for the clamping of the nut. The jack is provided with two rugged handles, which allow the handling. The jacks can operate with all the hydraulic pumps with the following characteristics:

- 550 bar working pressure - Oleodynamic circuit with stressing and return

(return in the tank)

DD stressing jacks are supplied together with following equipments:

- Stressing cylinders - 10 meters long hydraulic extensions - Additional keys in relation with the carload

of the bar - Fixed key to preassembled the nut - Coupler

DD stressing jacks are preset with self-screwing device. Through a special key inserted inside the jack it is possible to screw the nut while stressing the bar. This is useful to avoid the use of saddles and to avoid manual operations.

DD700KN jack

DD jacks are available in these models:

Characteristics U.M. DD700KN DD1200KN DD2000KN DD2600KN Capacity KN 700 1.200 2.000 2.600 Stroke mm. 50 50 50 50 Weight Kg. 42 54 95 135 Stressing section cm2 132,469 235,5 418,40 521,5 Maximum stressing pressure bar 550 550 550 550 Maximum return pressure bar 100 100 100 100 Overlength mm. 150 150 150 150 Max diameter mm. 200 270 360 430 Length mm. 470 499 650 765


29

8.5 – “TTM-E” Hydraulic pump Hydraulic pumps type TTM-E are available in six different models, depending from the kind of usage and features. TTM-E hydraulic pumps have a three pipes line out for the stressing operations of the jacks type M.

TTM-E hydraulic pumps

All the machines are provided with three control circuits: stressing, locking and return. Every circuit is provided with regulation valve. Control manometers are serially analogical. They can also be coupled with digital ones with pressure 1 bar. All the machines are provided with remote control, which, with its 10 meters long cable, allows the operator to follow all the working phases. Suitable regulation valves allow the operator to regulate manually the pressure in the three circuits of the machine with easiness and precision All the machines are preset with three control manometer in order to display the pressure in the three circuits; they are provided with a release valve and safety valves in case of overpressure. All the equipments are realised in accordance with the norms and carry out CE labelling.

Type Weight Max pressure Power Voltage/Ampere Use

( Kg. ) bar. KW TTM1000-E 290 550-600 10 380/32 M TTM2000-E 300 550-600 10 380/32 M TTM3000-E 350 550-600 12.5 380/63 M TTM4000-E 380 550-600 12.5 380/63 M TTM5000-E 400 550-600 15 380/63 M TTM6000-E 500 550-600 30 380/63 M


30

8.6 - “M” stressing jacks Stressing jacks type “M” are available in nine different types, depending on the kind of usage era preset. All the jacks are preset with automatic wedging circuit and with 10 meters flexible pipes; they are provided with rotation on the axis, short overlength, low working pressure and easiness in maintenance.

M3600KN jack

The jacks are provided with a metallic support opportunely designed in order to get different inclinations while stressing. The support has two integrated bearings, which allow the jack to rotate on its axis, facilitating threading operations on the strands which protrude from the head

M3600KN jack

A short overlength, the rotation of the jack on its axis and the support, allow the operator to work quickly and easily.

Characteristics U.M. M 1600 KN M 1800 KN M 2800 KN

Capacity KN 1600 1800 2800 Stroke mm. 250 250 250 Weight Kg. 180 210 280 Stressing section cm2 155.51 320.18 361 Maximum stressing pressure bar 700 700 700 Maximum return pressure bar 250 250 250 Maximum locking pressure bar 250 250 250 Overlength mm. 400 400 400 Max diameter mm. 250 320 340 Length mm. 1000 1000 1000

31

Characteristics U.M. M 3600 KN M 4800 KN M 6600 KN

Capacity KN 3600 4800 6600 Stroke mm. 250 250 250 Weight Kg. 390 490 650 Stressing section cm2 564.21 492.44 765 Maximum stressing pressure bar 700 70 700 Maximum return pressure bar 250 250 250 Maximum locking pressure bar 250 250 250 Overlength mm. 450 500 600 Max diameter mm. 400 520 660 Length mm. 1000 1150 1200


32

8.7 - “DI” load cells DI load cells are hydraulic cells without gaskets and completely realized in AISI 304. They can be easily assembled on provisional or permanent anchorages in order to monitor the state of stressing during the lifetime of the anchorage. They are available with analogical display or with digital one on demand.

Capacity Model A B C D Precision Overload Material Unit

weight KN (mm) ( mm.) ( mm.) ( mm.) ( g ) 500 DI-500KN 70 165 40 195 +/- 1% F.S. 120 % AISI 304 4,5 750 DI-750KN 90 205 40 195 +/- 1% F.S. 120 % AISI 304 5,5 1000 DI-1000KN 110 230 40 195 +/- 1% F.S. 120 % AISI 304 7,5 1000 DI-1000SKN 135 250 40 195 +/- 1% F.S. 120 % AISI 304 7,5 1500 DI-1500KN 160 300 40 195 +/- 1% F.S. 120 % AISI 304 10 2500 DI-2500KN 180 360 40 195 +/- 1% F.S. 120 % AISI 304 16 2500 DI-2500SKN 220 380 40 195 +/- 1% F.S. 120 % AISI 304 16


33

Characteristics: - Maximum load without alterations in calibration: 120% of the capacity. - Precision for analogical reading 1%, for digital reading 0,5%. - Material AISI 304 - Distribution ring on demand. Where the cell has already been connected with a distribution

plate with a suitable thickness a distribution ring is not required. Load cells are provided with CE branding, are completely protected and provided with an identification serial number.

Jack type TTM250KN

Stressing operation

Plate

Cell

wedge

Gauge

coupler

Wall

Anchorage with load cell

34

8.8 - Grouting pump type “T” “T” grouting pipes have been studied in order to assure high versatility while using them on the site and in difficult conditions. It is trailer-mounted and provided with a rugged gumming, preset for towing to the side and provided with all the necessary devices. The machine is provided with two tanks: one for the mixing of the colloidal mixture and one as reservoir for the prepared mixture. The first tank (turbo mixer) is provided with a turbine for mixing at 1550 turns/min. All grouting pumps are currently provided with gauge, save-gauge and 10 meters long remote control. To be considerate as accessories: quick coupling, litres-counter, plastic accessories, grouting pipes, syringe and Saunders valve for stopping the flux of the cement.

T500 grouting pump

Saunders valves: have a rubber membrane closing system suggested for intercepting mud and concrete mix. They are auto-cleaning and, if frequently cleaned, they are not encrusted. Litres-counter: it is considered an accessory. It is a mechanical fluid turbine measurer. All the pumps have a button strip with a 10 meters long cable; it is possible to require extensions up to 50 meters. The extension for button strip is provided on demand and it is necessary if the operator needs to control the machine from the grouting area. Grouting syringe: it is provided on demand according to the type of valve and grouting system. Gauge and save-gauge: The gauge, which is assembled on the machine, is not calibrated. The calibration must be required while ordering.

35

Characteristics T500 T400

Weight 900 900 Dimensions 1900x1500x1900 mm 1900x1500x1900 mm Mixer capacity 190 litres 190 litres Mixing times 40” 40” Mixer capacity 200 litres 200 litres Max grouting pressure 10-20 bars. 10-20 bars. Max grouting capacity 25-40 litres/min 15-25 litres/min Mixing power 10 KW 10 KW Power of the pump 7,5 KW 7,5 KW


36

9 - REINFORCEMENTS 9.1 - Strand

STRAND CHARACTERISTICS

Diameters Norm Strand type

Nominal diameter

Nominal Area Mass Breaking

load

Specified charact.

0,1% proof load

Relaxation after1000 h at 0,7 – 0,8

actual braking load mm. mmq g/m. kN kN % %

0.5" (T13) BS 5896/80 standard

super 12.5 12.9

93 100

730 785

164 186

139 158

2.5 2.5

4.5 4.5

ASTM A416/98 Quality 270 12.7 98.7 775 183.7 156 2.5 3.5

0.6" (T15)

French standard e

pr EN 10138

standard super

15.2 15.7

140 150

1095 1170

260 279

230 248

2.5 2.5

4.5 4.5

0.6" (T15) BS 5896/80 standard

super 15.2 15.7

139 150

1090 1180

232 265

197 225

2.5 2.5

4.5 4.5

0.6" (T15) ASTM A416/98 Quality

270 15.24 140 1102 260.7 221 2.5 3.5

0.6" (T15)

ASTM A779/90

Compact 15.2 165 1290 300 264 2.5 4.5

Modulus = 196 +/- 10 kN / mm2

37

9.2 - Bars In geotechnical the steel in bars is adopted on grounds for temporary or permanent use.

- pykf characteristic yield tension

- ptkf characteristic rupture tension

- pyF yield load

- ptF minimum yield load Material identification:

- Green 950/1050

- Blue 1080/1230

- Yellow 835/1030

38

BARS CHARACTERISTICS

Bar diameter. 18 26,5 32 36 40 47 Area cm2 2,41 5,55 8,04 10,20 12,57 17,35

Mass Kg/m 1,96 4,48 6,53 8,27 10,21 14,10

pyF kN 230 525 760 970 1190 1650

ptF kN 255 580 850 1070 1320 1820

pytf / ptkf N/mm2 950/1050 950/1050 950/1050 950/1050 950/1050 950/1050

Type Y 1050 Y 1050 Y 1050 Y 1050 Y 1050 Y 1050 Max. stressing kN

Bar diameter 26,5 32 36 Area cm2 5,55 8,04 10,20

Mass Kg/m 4,48 6,53 8,27

pyF kN 595 868 1099

ptF kN 678 989 1252

pytf / ptkf N/mm2 1080/1230 1080/1230 1080/1230

Type Y 1230 Y 1230 Y 1230 Max. stressing kN

39

10 – SITES

08 07 01 strand anchors geotechnical

Documents

ground anchorscomplete1st

ttm strand

ground doesnt

perfect airtight

harmonic steel

suitable lifting

suitable steel

free length