02 flora winston shrt - fix
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Young Drivers: What You Don’t Know May Kill Your Child
1 Young Drivers
2 Young Drivers
Our youth are dying needlessly
“ Conrad sped up, but it was
so dark, he didn't see the
pothole. Next thing I knew,
we were flying through the
air. ...My heart is broken and
shattered.”
Danielle Lee, 17 years old,
sole survivor, only occupant
using a seat belt
3 Young Drivers
Objectives
1. Why do young drivers crash?
2. How can we prevent young driver crashes?
4 Young Drivers
Newly Licensed Teens Highest Lifetime Crash Rate
US Crash Rate by Age (per 100k Licensed Drivers, 2009)
5 Young Drivers
23
20 19
15 15 14 14
17
11 9 8 7
5 4 4
38
33
42
39 41 41
35 34
30
24
20 20 18 18
28
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 to
35 to
45 to
55 to
65 to
75 & over
Cra
sh
R
ate
Driver Age (yr) All Fatal
But…
Lowest lifetime risk when
they are Learner Drivers
Not just teen driver problem… Everyone’s problem
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Teen driver
39% of injured
Occupants of other vehicles
35% of injured
Teens, peers, driving The perfect storm
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Brain: Work in progress
Developing executive function…
Over-rationalize decisions
Emotional
Impulses get in the way
Difficulty handling peers
Inexperience
Distracting environment
Several thousand kilos of steel at 90 km/h
While they learn to be an adult.. They are learning to drive. Learning to drive is a PROCESS
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Pre-learner Learner Driver
Early Independent
Driver
Experienced Driver
What causes most fatal teen crashes?
US Crash Rate by Age (per 100k Licensed Drivers, 2009)
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0.77
0.7
0.5
0.35 0.34
0.24
0.49 0.48
0.42
0.29 0.24
0.17 0.14
0.26
0.47
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
16 17 to 19 20 to 49
Driver error Speeding
Single vehicle 3+ occupants
Drivers killed with 0.08+ BAC
Driver error due to inexperience
Source: Williams et al Journal of Public Health Policy, 16: 3 (1995) Updated 2007 by IIHS, Units: % of fatal cases with factor present
The BIG THREE “New Driver” Mistakes Inexperience, Poor Attention, Distraction
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Major Categories of Teen Driver Critical Errors
Total Wght %
Males Wght %
Females Wght %
Recognition 46.3 47.5 44.9
Decision 40.1 39.9 40.3
Performance 8.0 8.9 7.0
Non-Performance 2.9 2.1 3.9
Other/Unknown 2.7 1.7 4.0
How to avoid a crash
SCAN
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How to avoid a crash
SCAN
Detect Hazard
SECONDS
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How to avoid a crash
Recognize Hazard
SCAN
SECONDS
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SCAN
SECONDS
How to avoid a crash
Decide to Respond
CHOOSE
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How to avoid a crash
ACT
SCAN
SECONDS
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How to avoid a crash
AVOID CRASH
SCAN
SECONDS
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Why teens die?
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What we need to focus on: Detect hazards
Improve planning
Improve scanning
Teach
Demonstrate mastery
Reduce distractions
Prohibit impairment
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SCAN & DETECT
What we need to focus on: Avoid hazards/crashes
Reduce speed and increase following distance
Increase practice driving
Wide variety of conditions
Demonstrate mastery
Don’t put teens in risky situations
Privileges should match ability/maturity level
Prohibit impairment
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CHOOSE & ACT
What is GDL?
GDL = Graduated Driver Licensing
Proven effective in reducing crashes
Key concept –
Experienced-based method for beginning drivers
Gain experience in low risk conditions before advancing to
high risk conditions
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Key objectives of GDL
1. Improve driving skills
2. Motivate for safety
3. Increase practice quality,
quantity and diversity
4. Reduce risk for newly licensed
teens by gradually increasing
exposure to risk
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What teens told us
Teens want to be good drivers
20% of 11th graders: driver in a crash
Teens recognize risks
Teens do not recognize inexperience
Getting a license = experienced
Teens do not recognize speeding risk
Parents matter
What are the roles for parents?
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Empowered parents
Role model
Practice safe driving
“Driving coach”
Put in the time
Practice in varied settings
Authoritative parent
Set and monitor driving rules
Gradually introduce new
privileges, as deserved
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Family’s timeline for safety
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Time Zero Independent driving
Prepare Assess Model Teach Set rules
Coach Monitor Assess Supervise Teach Remediate
Parents can use GDL as a guide
Use GDL to develop a set of
appropriate driving limits for new
teen drivers
Create and monitor rules that will
keep teens safe
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Parents really do matter
According to the National Young Driver Survey of over 5,600
U.S. teens…
Teens with authoritative parents are:
Half as likely to speed or crash
71 percent less likely to drive while drunk
Twice as likely to wear seat belts
30 percent less likely to use a cell phone while driving
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Summary: What we need to focus on
Increase seat belt use
Ensure teens get quantity, quality, diverse practice
Delay driving under risky conditions
With peer passengers
At night
On weekends
Prohibit risky behavior
Breaking driving laws
Aggressive or reckless driving
Impaired driving – drunk, drugged, drowsy
Distracted driving (e.g., cell phones)
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