01 intelligentcities concept 100818160022 phpapp02
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
1/21
INTELLIGENT CITIESConcept
Nicos Komninos
URENIO Research, Aristotle University
www.urenio.org
PhD seminar Intelligent cities: Systems and Environment of Innovation
Lecture 1
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
2/21
Contents
Conceptualization
Intelligent cities driving forces
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
3/21
InfrastructureDistrict planning
MASTER PLAN
Transport
Environment
Industry Housing Districts
University
Science Parks
and Incubators
Clusters
CBD
Layer I. Agglomeration, clusters and networks
Layer II. Institutions, Planning, Governance
City: Fundamental layers throughout its history
Agglomeration + Regulation Institutions
Infrastructure
District planning
MASTER PLAN
Transport
Environment
Industry HousingDistricts
University
ScienceParks
and Incubators
Clusters
CBD
INDUSTRIAL CITY
Infrastructure
District planning
MASTER PLAN
Transport
Environment
Industry HousingDistricts
University
ScienceParks
and Incubators
Clusters
CBD
VICTORIAN CITY
Infrastructure
District planning
MASTER PLAN
Transport
Environment
Industry HousingDistricts
University
ScienceParks
and Incubators
Clusters
CBD
FORDIST CITY
Infrastructure
District planning
MASTER PLAN
Transport
Environment
Industry HousingDistricts
University
ScienceParks
and Incubators
Clusters
CBD
INNOVATION-LED
Development
PLANNING
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
4/21
B. A new spatiality / layer (digital /
intelligence) has been added on theurban agglomeration, activities,
infrastructures, regulation and planning.
It is composed of broadband networks,
user interfaces, content applications,
and e-services. All these artcrafts create
un umbrella of communication andcooperation over the cities, locally and
globally.
City: Beginning of 21st century - A new type of urban space
Two driving forces: Innovation-led economy + Digital spatiality
A. The contemporary urban economy and
society has become knowledge-basedand innovation-led: Knowledge cities,
innovation cities, innovating cities,
creative cities. R&D, knowledge and
innovation are main drivers of citys
development. City governance and
planning also change by public-privatepartnerships and triple-helix alliances.
+
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
5/21
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
6/21
B. Digital spatiality / intelligence over the cities
Components: NetworkData technologiesApplications-eServices
`
Fiber Optics, 3G, WiMAX, WiFi Mess, Cable/DSL, WiFi
On-line On-line
n-line
On-line
e-marketplace
Information
To the citizen To producers City events Location of activities
Digital
Entrepreneurship e-Marketplaces e-Location e-Business
Visualisation
The city Cultural heritage Monuments Place & environment
e-Innovation
Collaborative spaces New productdevelopment tools
Broadband city networkFiber oprics, 3G, WiMax, WiFi, xDSL
e-Government
Online city services Online administration e-Democracy
e-Technologies
Knowledge repository
Exploitation eTools
Online tech transfer
Data-Technologies
NetworkApplications
e-Services
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
7/21
Industry Housing Districts
University
Science Parks
and Incubators
Clusters
CBD
Layer I. Agglomeration, clusters and networks
Layer II. Institutions, Planning, Governance
Layer III. Digital spatiality over the city
Intelligent city: A three layer system
A more advanced, complex and effective urban system
INNOVATION PLAN
Smart transport
Smart Infrastructure
Cluster planning
Environmental sustainability
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
8/21
Advanced knowledge functions
1. e-INFORMATION: Gathering,
processing and delivery
2. e-LEARNING: Skill
development, technology
transfer, technology acquisition
3. e-INNOVATION: Creation of
new products and services.
Digital tools and environments for
new product design and
production. Local and global
innovation supply chains.
4. e-DIFFUSION: Marketing,
promotion, delivery of products
and services
Intelligent cities: Impact from adding a digital layerAdvanced knowledge functions Improved city functions
Improved city functions
Competitive cities based on
global clusters, networks, and
supply chains
Innovative cities: Innovation
crowdsourcing + global
innovation chains
Energy saving infrastructure
Improved city transportation
More secure urban spaceReal time monitoring and
management of the environment
Wider citizens participation to
decision making
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
9/21
Intelligent cities: ImpactThe integration of digital space transforms city functions and districts
Innovation Economy
1- Intelligent city clusters: manufacturing, businessservices, health, tourism
2- Intelligent city districts: CBD, techno park, mall,university campus, port area, airport city
3- New companies creation / intelligent incubators
City Infrastructure
Quality of life 4- Smart transport and parking
5- Broadband, wi-fi
6-Energy saving / smart grid
7- Environment monitoring, real time alert and safety
Governance
8- Government services to citizens
9- Decision making / participation / direct democracy
10- Monitoring & measurement: The city a database
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
10/21
Conceptualization
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
11/21
A new family of concepts:
Cyber - Digital - Intelligent Smart cities
Many different descriptions of what an intelligent city (IC) is can be found in the literature:
ICs have been initially identified with virtual reconstructions of cities, virtual cities. The term has been used interchangeably
as an equivalent of digital city covering a wide range of digital representations of the physical space of cities (Droege 1997).However, the additional communication capabilities offered by a virtual platform or a virtual reconstruction of a city is not
adequate to characterize an urban system as 'intelligent'.
In a metaphorical use of the term, ICs have been seen as a commonplace for various electronic IT systems and digital
applications involved in city operations and functions. MIMOS, the Malaysian Telecommunications Institute, pointed out that
the metaphorical characterizations of the Intelligent City cover many concepts such as the invisible city', information city,
'wired city', 'telecity', knowledge-based city', virtual city, electronic communities, 'electronic spaces', 'flexicity', teletopia',
'cyberville', etc., where each term stresses a specific functional activity.
Another meaning was given by the World Foundation for Smart Communities, that links digital cities with smart growth, a
development based on information and communication technologies. A Smart Community is a community that has made a
conscious effort to use information technology to transform life and work within its region in significant and fundamental,
rather than incremental, ways (California Institute for Smart Communities, 2001).
ICs were seen as environments with embedded information and communication technologies creating interactive spaces
that bring computation into the physical world user (Steventon and Wright 2006). From this perspective, intelligent cities (or
intelligent spaces more generally) refer to physical environments in which information and communication technologies and
sensor systems disappear as they become embedded into physical objects and the surroundings we live, travel, and work in.Intelligent cities were also defined as territories that bring innovation and ICTs within the same locality. The Intelligent
Community Forum has developed a list of five criteria for understanding how communities and regions can gain a competitive
edge by combining broadband communications to businesses, government facilities and residences with effective education,
training, and innovation in the public and private sectors (ICF 2006).
Along the same line, intelligent cities (communities, clusters, regions) were defined as territorial systems of innovation
sustained by digital communication and interaction. We use the term intelligent city to characterize areas which have the
ability to support learning, technological development, and innovation procedures on the one hand, with digital spaces,
information processing, and knowledge transfer on the other hand (Komninos 2002, p. 198).
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
12/21
Innovation FinancingBanks, Business Angels,
Venture Capital, Regional
Incentives
Technology Transfer
OrganisationsTech Parks, Tech Networks,
Brokers, Consultants
Universities/
Research
Institutes
Public R&DLaboratories
Private R&DDepartments
and Centres
Technology Information SystemPatents, Standards, Technical
Publications, Emerging Markets,
Foresight
CLUSTERSGroup of companies in co-
operationVertical / Horizontal
Dev.Org.Univ.Labs
Res.Inst.
TechPark
Cluster
Cluster
e-Intelligence
e-Innovation
e-Technologies
e-Markets
Digital
Cyber
IntelligentSmart
A new family of concepts: Cyber - Digital - Intelligent Smart cities
Differences in substance and function of layer III
Layer III. Digital space over the city
Layer II. Institutions, Planning, Governance
Layer I. Agglomeration, clusters and networks
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
13/21
1. Smart Communities
World Foundation for Smart Communities
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
14/21
2. Smart Cities
MIT Smart Cities Lab
6
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
15/21
15
Layer III, relates to digital spatiality and
artificial intelligence embedded into the
physical environment of the city. Thisincludes the communication infrastructure,
digital spaces, and e-tools for problem-
solving available to the city's population.
Layer II, relates to cooperation institutions
and the collective intelligence of a cityspopulation. Includes institutions and
mechanisms regulating knowledge flows
and co-operation in learning and innovation:
R&D institutions, venture capital funds,
technology transfer and training centers,
intellectual property, spin-off incubators,
technology and marketing consultants.
Layer l, relates to people in the city: the
intelligence, inventiveness and creativity of
the individuals who live and work in the city,
the activities and clusters of a city.
Innovation FinancingBanks, Business Angels,
Venture Capital, RegionalIncentives
Technology Transfer
OrganisationsTech Parks, Tech Networks,
Brokers, Consultants
Universities/Research
Institutes
Public R&D
Laboratories
Private R&DDepartmentsand Centres
Technology Information SystemPatents, Standards, Technical
Publications, Emerging Markets,Foresight
CLUSTERSGroup of companies in co-
operationVertical / Horizontal
Dev.Org.Univ.Labs
Res.Inst.
TechPark
Cluster
Cluster
e-Intelligence
e-Innovation
e-Technologies
e-Markets
3. Intelligent Cities
URENIO: Integration of three intelligences
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
16/21
16
4. Intelligent Environments
Intelligent spaces Ubiquitous cities
Types of Intelligent Environments range from
private to public and from fixed to mobile;
some are ephemeral while others are
permanent; some change type during their life
span. The realisation of Intelligent
Environments requires the convergence of
different prominent disciplines: Information
and Computer Science, Architecture, MaterialEngineering, Artificial Intelligence, Sociology
and Design.
In addition, technical breakthroughs are
required in key enabling technology fields, such
as, microelectronics (e.g., miniaturisation,power consumption), communication and
networking technologies (e.g., broadband and
wireless networks), smart materials (e.g., bio-
implants) and intelligent agents (e.g., context
awareness and ontologies) (IE 08).
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
17/21
Intangible or intellectual capital resources are now largely recognized as the most
important competitive advantage.Corporate level: Intangible investments (R&D, innovation, knowledge creation,
marketing, advertising) are the most important sources of performance.
Community level: Ragusa (1301-1806): A city of intelligence - Social intelligence / political
+ institutional / organised
Measuring, accounting intellectual capital
Cultivating / nourishing intellectual capital
5. Intellectual capital for cities and regions
Knowledge Cities Summits
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
18/21
18
6. Intelligent Communities
Intelligent Community Forum: Innovation & Broadband
Intel
CommunityStrategy
Broadband
infrastructure policy
Digital inclusion
policy
Innovation
policy
Policy for
knowledge
workers
Promotion
and
marketing
policy
ICTs
Innov Place
b ll
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
19/21
7. Ambient Intelligence Communities
EU Living Lab Network
I lli i i
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
20/21
20
Intelligent cities
A set of concepts linking cities, innovation, and digital services
A spectrum of combinations
Intellectual capital of cities Intelligent environments
Cities /communities
Innovation
systems ICTs /broadband
networks /
services
Intelligent cities: A new urban
planning and developmentparadigm combining
Cities / communities
Innovation systems
ICTs, broadband networks ande-services
Cities /
communities
ICTs /
broadband
networks /services
Cities /
communities
Innovation
systems
Intelligent innovation
ecosystems
-
8/12/2019 01 Intelligentcities Concept 100818160022 Phpapp02
21/21
21
More:
Komninos, N. (2002) Intelligent Cities: Innovation, knowledge systems and digital
spaces, London and New York: Taylor and Francis. (Chapter 13)
Komninos, N. (2008) Intelligent Cities and Globalisation of Innovation Networks,
London and New York: Routledge. (Chapters 5 and 10)