“successor” to greece “carrier” of greek civilization political model for later europe ...
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“successor” to Greece “carrier” of Greek civilization political model for later Europe measure of success for nations and
individuals
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model for later monarchies model for later, mixed constitutions
Great Britain, U.S., etc. model for most European legal systems model for the concept of citizenship
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The Regal Age: ca. 779-509 B.C. The Republic: 509-27 B.C. The Empire: 27 B.C.-1453 A.D.
Early Empire: 27 B.C.-325 A.D. Later Empire: 325 A.D.-1453 A.D.
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Italy Tiber River between Etruscan and Greek cities part of the Latin League
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Indo-European entered Italy ca. 2000 B.C. settled south of the Tiber primitive institutions
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Seven kings Romulus historical kings?
the Etruscan kings the last three
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revolution patricians (2-4%) and plebeians (96-
98%) constitutional government
influenced by Athens? the constitution of Cleisthenes?
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2 consuls 2 praetors aediles quaestors dictator
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the assemblies the elective offices patron-client relationships The Twelve Tables
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struggle for political participation plebeian institutions: the tribunes the secessions the compromises
no political violence until 133 B.C.
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conquest of Veii: Rome’s “Trojan War” gradual expansion for a century the Latin League
extension of citizenship Romans, half-citizens, Latins, allies continuous expansion
Celts, Samnites, etc.
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Etruscans Greeks Carthage ???
three Punic Wars 254, 220, 146 B.C.
control of Western Mediterranean
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the Hellenistic Monarchies the Greek Federal Leagues lots of wars, Romans are dragged in...a
lot Romans get tired of it control of most of the Med. basin by 100
B.C. but still essentially a city-state
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rustic Italian cults overlay of Greek religion Etruscan influences Romans as “pack rats”
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best we don’t even talk about that
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great skill engineers and architects roads, cities concrete
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copied from Greek models interests in rhetoric, law, and satire Stoic and Epicurean philosophy
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introduction of violence into domestic politics
competition for status and recognition civil war
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Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus Marius and Sulla Pompey the Great, Marcus Crassus, Julius
Caesar First Triumvirate
Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus, Octavian Caesar Second Triumvirate
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Gaius Marius
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Gaius JuliusCaesar
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Pompey the
Great
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Cicero
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Octavian Augustus
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Octavian as pontifex maximus
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Marc Antony
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unification of the Mediterranean basin and western Europe
extended citizenship empire-wide commerce Roman law tolerance for local autonomy
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Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero
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reduction of political competition end to expansion reduction in the army further extension of citizenship
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Year of the Four Emperors (69 A.D.) Vespasian Titus Domitian
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Edward Gibbon the height of the Empire the culmination of the pax Romana succession by adoption of the most
competent
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Nerva Trajan
strong military leader Hadrian
excellent administrator Hellenophile
Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius
the embodiment of the philosopher king
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Jesus of Nazareth teacher, prophet, revolutionary the Jesus Movement
Paul of Tarsus cultural mixture: Jewish and Greek founder of Christianity
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disappearance of Jewish followers: 70 A.D.
growth of the Pauline church the poor, women, children, slaves no success among men, the educated,
etc. benefits of Roman infrastructure and the
pax Romana
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the First Jewish War “eastern religion”
corrupted the mos maiorum that is, “traditional family values”
rumors of orgies and cannibalism Second Jewish War Trajan’s Rescript
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End of the practice of adoption The Severian Emperors
the army as a social class abandonment of the Augustan constitution collapse of the senate and other organs of
state collapse of the civil adminstration
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collapse of society breakdown of social classes
collapse of the economy collapse of trade and coinage
barbarian invasions civil wars
Thirty emperors The Danubian emperors (soldiers)
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Aurelian - restituor orbis Decius - persecutions of those who
corrupt traditional family values Diocletian
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The Tetrarchy The Annona The Edict of Maximum Prices The “new provinces” The “eastern frontiers” The “new capitals” The “persecutions”
Edict of Toleration, 311
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The divided empire, united The Battle of the Milvian Bridge The “conversion of Constantine” The Edict of Milan - 314 The First Ecumenical Council The New Capital
Constantinople
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The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome
The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome
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Italy in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCE
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Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans
Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans WritingWriting
ReligionReligion The ArchThe Arch
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The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
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Republican Republican GovernmentGovernmentRepublican Republican GovernmentGovernment
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
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The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE
The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE
Providing political and socialrights for the plebeians.
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The Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
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Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem
Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem
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Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:
The The Appian WayAppian Way
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Roman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts
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The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseum
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The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior
The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior
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Circus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus Maximus
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Carthaginian Carthaginian EmpireEmpire
Carthaginian Carthaginian EmpireEmpire
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Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route
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Reform LeadersReform LeadersReform LeadersReform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius
Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer
Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.
• professional standing army.
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PompeyPompeyPompeyPompey
Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators
Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators
Julius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius Caesar
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Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!
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The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
Julius Caesar
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
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Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE
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The Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirateThe Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirate
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus
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Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First
EmperorEmperor
Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First
EmperorEmperor
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The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty
The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty
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Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
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The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire
– 14 CE– 14 CE
The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire
– 14 CE– 14 CE
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The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
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St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
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The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
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Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
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The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c
The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c
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Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294
CECE
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294
CECE
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Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337
Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337
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Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)
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Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c
Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c
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Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of
God”God”
Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of
God”God”
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Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman
EmpireEmpire
Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman
EmpireEmpire
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The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of
JustinianJustinian
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of
JustinianJustinian
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The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian
The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian
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The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome Republic GovernmentRepublic Government
Roman LawRoman Law Latin LanguageLatin Language Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church City PlanningCity Planning Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural
StyleStyle Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering
• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• DamsDams• CementCement• ArchArch