middle passage portuguese=32% dutch=7& spanish=13% british caribbean=24% french car. =17% ...
TRANSCRIPT
The Development of the “Peculiar Institution”
Slavery in British Colonies Middle Passage Portuguese=32% Dutch=7& Spanish=13% British
Caribbean=24% French Car. =17% British Colonies
=4%
Royal African Company 1672-1689 = 90 to
100,000 slaves traded
Monopoly on slave trade
1689 British Parliament opened slave trade
Slave trade increased from 5,000 to 20,000/year
The Goods Sugar, Rice,
Tobacco, Coffee, Indigo were labor intensive
Atlantic transactions consisted of raw material to Europe, manufactured good to Americas and Africa, and slaves to N. America
Chesapeake Bay Slavery Tobacco based Late 1600s Virginia & Maryland
slavery laws Slaves were nearly
half of the population by 1770
Fulfilled a variety of labor demands
Mercantilism Strong social
hierarchies
South Carolina and Georgia
Initial Indian slave trade w/ Caribbean
Even a few African born black slaves were armed for defense against Indian attacks
However, by 1730 2/3 of S. Carolina’s pop. was black
S. Carolina and Georgia Rice and Indigo
• Ironically, rice was introduced by Africans
• Rice plantations demanded more slaves that tobacco
• “task system” = daily jobs and leisure time
• Self-administering due to malaria
• By 1770 there were 100,000 black slaves in S. Carolina
S. Carolina and Georgia Originally banned
alcohol and slaves 1751 shift from
proprietary colony to royal colony
By 1770 moving same direction as S. Carolina
Northern Slavery
Unusual to own more than one slave
Laws were less harsh• Could own property
and pass it on• File suits against
whites• Physical brutality
was illegal• Why?
Northern Slavery NYC exception Originated with
Dutch 1/5 total population Due to high
involvement in slave trade
Becoming African American
Approx 300,000 from diverse cultures
Only ‘bond’ or similarity was slavery
1700s most were African by birth and spoke their own langauge
By 1800s identity became A.A. rather than Ibo, Ashanti, Yoruba, etc…)
Becoming African American
3 systems = distinct cultures
Chesapeake: • family-centered,
maintained slave population via reproduction
• Small farms = exposure to white culture/religion
Becoming African American
South: • Rice plantations=
extremely harsh • Dependent on slave
trade due to low birthrate.
• Less contact w/ whites and more autonomy
• Maintained African traditions
South: • Savannah &
Charleston• Servants and skilled
workers mixed with white population quickly
• Mulattos
Becoming African American
Northern Colonies • Few and far between • More mobility and
access to European life
• Gathered holidays