2-2: The Thirteen Colonies and

the British Empire II, 1607-1754

Restoration Colonies

Restoration Colonies

South Carolina

Ties to Barbados

Rice plantations

North Carolina

Small, self-

sufficient farms

New York

Ousting of Dutch

control

New Jersey

Restoration Colonies

Pennsylvania

Quakers

Equality of the sexes

Pacifism

Freedom of worship

William Penn

“Holy Experiment”

Representative assembly

Freedom of religion

No tax-supported church

Anti-slavery

Fair treatment of Indians

Restoration Colonies

Delaware

Georgia

Military buffer

Direct financial

support from

England

Debtor colony

Mercantilism and the Empire

Mercantilism

English economic

philosophy

Favorable

balance of trade

Colonial economy

subordinate to

Britain

Navigation Acts

Mercantilism and the Empire

Impact on the Colonies

Positive

New England shipbuilding

Chesapeake tobacco

British protection

Negative

Manufacturing limited

Trade only with England

Low profit, high prices

Restrictions

unnecessary!

Mercantilism and the Empire

Enforcement of the

Acts

Salutary Neglect

Led to individualism,

self-reliance, and the

ideal of independence

Dominion of New

England

Effort to unify colonies

Dissolution

The Institution of Slavery

The Institution of Slavery

Overview

Colonial Life Lent

Itself to Slavery

Abundance of land

High European

demand for colonial

goods

Long growing

seasons

Shortage of

indentured servants

The Institution of Slavery

Increased Demand for

Slaves

Indentured Servitude

Headright system

African slaves arrive—1619

End of Royal African slave

monopoly—1670s

Bacon’s Rebellion—1676

Dramatic increase in slaves

by 1700

Slavery legal in all colonies

The Institution of Slavery

Slave Codes

As slave populations

increased, white

colonists reacted to

put down perceived

racial threats

Strict racial system

developed

Black resistance

Stono rebellion, 1739

Slave Codes

Virginia, 1659 “All persons except Negroes are to be provided with

arms and ammunitions or be fined at the pleasure of the

governor and council”

Virginia, 1662 “Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children got

by any Englishmen upon a Negro shall be slave or Free,

Be it therefore enacted and declared by this present

Grand assembly, that all children born in this country

shall be held bond or free only according to the condition

of the mother."

Slave Codes

Virginia, 1705 “If any slave resists his master...correcting such a slave,

and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the

master shall be free of all punishment...as if such

accident never happened.”

South Carolina, 1712 “Any slave attempting to run away and leave the colony

receives the death penalty”

Slave Codes

South Carolina, 1712 “Owners refusing to abide by the slave code are fined

and forfeit ownership of their slaves”

South Carolina, 1712 “Slave homes are to be searched every two weeks for

weapons or stolen goods. Punishment for violations

escalate to include loss of ear, branding, and nose-

slitting, and for the fourth offense, death.”

The Institution of Slavery

Triangular Trade

Goods and people

traded

Europe

Africa

Caribbean

Southern Colonies

New England

Middle Passage