الدكتور كامل العجلوني metabolic syndrome medics index member

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Medics Index Member

High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among

Northern JordaniansYousef KhaderAbstractaa, Anwar Bateiha

a, Mohammed El-Khateebb, Abeer Al-ShaikhDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science andTechnology, Irbid, Jordanb

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 21 (2007) 214219Endocrinology and Genetics, National Center forDiabetes, Amman 11942, JordanReceived 23 September 2005; received in revised form 31October 2005; accepted 8 November 2005bBackground: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is

rapidly increasing with a considerable ethnic variationwithin and across


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populations. This study was conducted to estimate theprevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individualcomponents using AdultTreatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria among NorthernJordanians. Methods: Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional study that included arandom sample of 1121 northern Jordanians aged 25years and above. The metabolic syndrome was defined byATP III criteria. Results: Theage-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was36.3% (95% CI 33.639.0%) (28.7% among men and40.9% among women). Theprevalence increased significantly with age in men andwomen. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome wassignificantly higher in womenthan in men in age groups of 4049 and 60 years andabove. Low HDL cholesterol was the most commonabnormality in men (62.7%), andabdominal obesity was the most common abnormality inwomen (69.1%). Conclusions: Prevalence of the metabolic

syndrome in NorthJordan is considerably higher than in developed countriesand other Arab populations. An integrated approach isneeded for the preventionand treatment of the metabolic syndrome.D 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Diabetes; Obesity;Prevalence; Jordan

1. IntroductionThe metabolic syndrome is essentially a group ofinterrelated metabolic risk factors that increase the risk ofcardiovascular morbidity and mortality and total mortality(Isomaa et al., 2001; Lakka et al., 2002). These factorsinclude obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism, high bloodpressure, and dyslipidemia (DeFronzo & Ferrannini,1991).


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Although the pathogenesis of the syndrome is notcompletelyunderstood, it is influenced by a complex interplaybetween multiple genetic variations interacting withnumerousenvironmental factors (Liese, Mayer-Davis, & Haffner,1998; Reaven, 1988). The World Health Organization(WHO) initially proposed a definition for the metabolicsyndrome in 1998 (Alberti & Zimmet, 1998). Morerecently,the Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment PanelIII (ATP III) provided a new working definition of4 Corresponding author. Tel.: +962 6 535 3374; fax: +9626 535 3376.E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Ajlouni).1056-8727/07/$ see front matter D 2007 Elsevier Inc. Allrights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.11.003, Kamel Ajlounithe metabolic syndrome (Expert Panel on Detection,

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol inAdults, 2001).The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies bydefinition used and population studied (Ford & Giles,2003). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome israpidlyincreasing (Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, andTreatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults et al., 2001;

Ford, Giles, & Dietz, 2002) with a considerable ethnicvariation within and across populations (Araneta, Wingard,& Barrett-Connor, 2002). It is present in more than 20% ofthe US adult population (Park et al., 2003). In the UnitedKingdom the metabolic syndrome has also beenincreasinglyrecognized (The UK HDL-C Consensus Group, 2004)especially in South Asians (Kain, Catto, & Grant, 2003).

A considerably high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome


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was reported in Turkey (Ozsahin et al., 2004), AsianIndian population (Ramachandran, Snehalatha, Satyavani,Sivasankari, & Vijay, 2003),andIran(Azizi, Salehi,Etemadi, & Zahedi-Asl, 2003).b,4High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome amongNorthern JordaniansYousef KhaderAbstractaa, Anwar Bateihaa, Mohammed El-Khateebb, Abeer Al-ShaikhDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science andTechnology, Irbid, Jordanb

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 21 (2007) 214219Endocrinology and Genetics, National Center forDiabetes, Amman 11942, JordanReceived 23 September 2005; received in revised form 31October 2005; accepted 8 November 2005bBackground: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is

rapidly increasing with a considerable ethnic variationwithin and acrosspopulations. This study was conducted to estimate theprevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individualcomponents using AdultTreatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria among NorthernJordanians. Methods: Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional study that included a


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random sample of 1121 northern Jordanians aged 25years and above. The metabolic syndrome was defined byATP III criteria. Results: Theage-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was36.3% (95% CI 33.639.0%) (28.7% among men and40.9% among women). Theprevalence increased significantly with age in men andwomen. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome wassignificantly higher in womenthan in men in age groups of 4049 and 60 years andabove. Low HDL cholesterol was the most commonabnormality in men (62.7%), andabdominal obesity was the most common abnormality inwomen (69.1%). Conclusions: Prevalence of the metabolicsyndrome in NorthJordan is considerably higher than in developed countriesand other Arab populations. An integrated approach isneeded for the preventionand treatment of the metabolic syndrome.D 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Diabetes; Obesity;Prevalence; Jordan1. IntroductionThe metabolic syndrome is essentially a group ofinterrelated metabolic risk factors that increase the risk ofcardiovascular morbidity and mortality and total mortality(Isomaa et al., 2001; Lakka et al., 2002). These factorsinclude obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism, high blood

pressure, and dyslipidemia (DeFronzo & Ferrannini,1991).Although the pathogenesis of the syndrome is notcompletelyunderstood, it is influenced by a complex interplaybetween multiple genetic variations interacting withnumerousenvironmental factors (Liese, Mayer-Davis, & Haffner,

1998; Reaven, 1988). The World Health Organization


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(WHO) initially proposed a definition for the metabolicsyndrome in 1998 (Alberti & Zimmet, 1998). Morerecently,the Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment PanelIII (ATP III) provided a new working definition of4 Corresponding author. Tel.: +962 6 535 3374; fax: +9626 535 3376.E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Ajlouni).1056-8727/07/$ see front matter D 2007 Elsevier Inc. Allrights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.11.003, Kamel Ajlounithe metabolic syndrome (Expert Panel on Detection,Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol inAdults, 2001).The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies bydefinition used and population studied (Ford & Giles,2003). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome israpidlyincreasing (Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and

Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults et al., 2001;Ford, Giles, & Dietz, 2002) with a considerable ethnicvariation within and across populations (Araneta, Wingard,& Barrett-Connor, 2002). It is present in more than 20% ofthe US adult population (Park et al., 2003). In the UnitedKingdom the metabolic syndrome has also beenincreasinglyrecognized (The UK HDL-C Consensus Group, 2004)

especially in South Asians (Kain, Catto, & Grant, 2003).A considerably high prevalence of the metabolic syndromewas reported in Turkey (Ozsahin et al., 2004), AsianIndian population (Ramachandran, Snehalatha, Satyavani,Sivasankari, & Vijay, 2003),andIran(Azizi, Salehi,Etemadi, & Zahedi-Asl, 2003).b,4High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among

Northern Jordanians


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Yousef KhaderAbstractaa, Anwar Bateihaa, Mohammed El-Khateebb, Abeer Al-ShaikhDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science andTechnology, Irbid, JordanbJournal of Diabetes and Its Complications 21 (2007) 214219Endocrinology and Genetics, National Center forDiabetes, Amman 11942, JordanReceived 23 September 2005; received in revised form 31October 2005; accepted 8 November 2005b

Background: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome israpidly increasing with a considerable ethnic variationwithin and acrosspopulations. This study was conducted to estimate theprevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individualcomponents using AdultTreatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria among NorthernJordanians. Methods: Data were analyzed from a cross-

sectional study that included arandom sample of 1121 northern Jordanians aged 25years and above. The metabolic syndrome was defined byATP III criteria. Results: Theage-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was36.3% (95% CI 33.639.0%) (28.7% among men and40.9% among women). The


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prevalence increased significantly with age in men andwomen. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome wassignificantly higher in womenthan in men in age groups of 4049 and 60 years andabove. Low HDL cholesterol was the most commonabnormality in men (62.7%), andabdominal obesity was the most common abnormality inwomen (69.1%). Conclusions: Prevalence of the metabolicsyndrome in NorthJordan is considerably higher than in developed countriesand other Arab populations. An integrated approach isneeded for the preventionand treatment of the metabolic syndrome.D 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Diabetes; Obesity;Prevalence; Jordan1. IntroductionThe metabolic syndrome is essentially a group ofinterrelated metabolic risk factors that increase the risk ofcardiovascular morbidity and mortality and total mortality

(Isomaa et al., 2001; Lakka et al., 2002). These factorsinclude obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism, high bloodpressure, and dyslipidemia (DeFronzo & Ferrannini,1991).Although the pathogenesis of the syndrome is notcompletelyunderstood, it is influenced by a complex interplaybetween multiple genetic variations interacting with

numerousenvironmental factors (Liese, Mayer-Davis, & Haffner,1998; Reaven, 1988). The World Health Organization(WHO) initially proposed a definition for the metabolicsyndrome in 1998 (Alberti & Zimmet, 1998). Morerecently,the Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment PanelIII (ATP III) provided a new working definition of


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4 Corresponding author. Tel.: +962 6 535 3374; fax: +9626 535 3376.E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Ajlouni).1056-8727/07/$ see front matter D 2007 Elsevier Inc. Allrights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.11.003, Kamel Ajlounithe metabolic syndrome (Expert Panel on Detection,Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol inAdults, 2001).The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies bydefinition used and population studied (Ford & Giles,2003). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome israpidlyincreasing (Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, andTreatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults et al., 2001;Ford, Giles, & Dietz, 2002) with a considerable ethnicvariation within and across populations (Araneta, Wingard,& Barrett-Connor, 2002). It is present in more than 20% ofthe US adult population (Park et al., 2003). In the United

Kingdom the metabolic syndrome has also beenincreasinglyrecognized (The UK HDL-C Consensus Group, 2004)especially in South Asians (Kain, Catto, & Grant, 2003).A considerably high prevalence of the metabolic syndromewas reported in Turkey (Ozsahin et al., 2004), AsianIndian population (Ramachandran, Snehalatha, Satyavani,Sivasankari, & Vijay, 2003),andIran(Azizi, Salehi,

Etemadi, & Zahedi-Asl, 2003).b,

Prof Kamel AjlouniMedics Index Member

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الدكتور كامل العجلوني metabolic syndrome medics index member

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