‘‘Ideas for Using Ideas for Using Podcast and Vodcast Technologies Podcast and Vodcast Technologies

in Language Classroom’in Language Classroom’

K.NeelaveniK.Neelaveni

What is a podcast?What is a podcast?• a digitally recorded audio and sometimesa digitally recorded audio and sometimes

video file available on the Internet video file available on the Internet

To download to a personal audio player To download to a personal audio player

( an MP3 Player).( an MP3 Player).

How does a podcast have an edge over How does a podcast have an edge over other media?other media?

a) because we are in control of

• what we listen to

• when we listen to it and

• how we listen to it

b) A means to share our audio content with a

focused audience

c) A media that can be created on our own

How are podcasts advantageous in How are podcasts advantageous in education?education?

• personalised learning material

• flexibility of learning (any time any

place)

• learning at ones' own pace

• repetitive listening

• less strenuous

How can podcasts aid in teachingHow can podcasts aid in teaching English? English?

exposure to authentic language

• exposure to pronunciation and accent.

• content for listening comprehension

• customised teaching of vocabulary through small corpora concordancing

• grammatical structures through small corpora

• linguistic nuances in Group Discussions and Presentations through audio and video samples

• Mock interviews

How can Podcasts give exposureHow can Podcasts give exposure to authentic Language? to authentic Language?

through audio and video recordings of :

• talk shows, stories, tourist guides, news items

• shows on the launch of a new product

• subject-related texts

• radio and television interviews on hot and

debatable current issues.

How can Podcasts provideHow can Podcasts provide Pronunciation and accent? Pronunciation and accent?

• pre-recorded pronunciation of individual words

• neutralising accent

• by showing the difference bet general utterance (due to MT tongue influence) and correct accent through constant exposure to texts customised to the needs of the students.

Examples of Pronunciation &Examples of Pronunciation &Word Stress Word Stress

• 'judge

• uni'versity

• 'cucumber

• 'student

• 'gorgeous

• gi'gantic

How can Podcasts aid the How can Podcasts aid the Teaching of Vocabulary?Teaching of Vocabulary?

Provide customised, ready to use vocabulary

lessons by giving • Pronunciation of the word

• Dictionary meaning and

• Provide instances of contextual use through

concordances from small corpora

What is the approach to teach What is the approach to teach vocabulary and grammar?vocabulary and grammar?

Content based, data driven learning

or

small corpora concordancing

What is content based What is content based Teaching?Teaching?

• examples taken from subject-related texts

to demonstrate how language is used in the context of the specialised subjects.

• makes the students familiar to language used in their own textual environment

What is data driven learning?What is data driven learning?• is a study of vast databases of English text

which gives:

i) concordances.

(a collection of all the occurrences of a word,

each in its own textual environment )

ii) samples of isolated grammatical patterns in

authentic language .

What is the rationale for Data What is the rationale for Data Driven Learning?Driven Learning?

the emphasis is on

• consciousness raising activities

(drawing the learner's attention to syntactic patterns of the target language)

• learner's own discovery of rules, principles and patterns of usage

Why use concordances?Why use concordances?

• Teacher-invented exercises can often become

contrived and artificial.

• Concordance-based material "assures that contexts are always real ones.

• Concordancing approach facilitates inductive

learning .

Advantages of using Advantages of using concordanceconcordance

• demonstrates usage of words in their context

• enables the user to visualise text features

• the contexts are always real.

• makes the student familiar with language used in their

own textual environment

• facilitates inductive learning

• this enables lrng. transferable to real world situations

Example: PerceiveExample: Perceive

• Pronunciation: p si:v

• Accent : p 'si:v

• Meaning : understand

• Synonyms : understand, sense signal touch, smell, appreciate, apprehend, believe, behold,comprehend, conceive, conceptualize, consider, contemplate detect, figure out, glimpse, infer, make out

Examples of concordancesExamples of concordances• We are born with the ability to perceive different smells.

•

• But then the eye begins dimly to perceive one or two features.

• That, at least, is how the market perceives IBM's ailing rival, Apple Computer…

•

For example, pregnant women may initially perceive the fetus as a foreign object, but

• This eg.is near enough to our experience so that we can perceive the differences.

•

• They are ready to challenge the U.N O's presence if they perceive the negotiations to be failing

• she is naughty or badly behaved and will begin to perceive herself as having these characteristics

• This changes not only her behavior, but her perception of the child's behavior,

• communication and social skills is how you perceive others, how you make judgements of them

• The failure to perceive these differences of conceptualization has led to this trouble

What are concordances?What are concordances?

A collection of all the occurrences of a word, each in its own natural environment.

Meaning of alleviateMeaning of alleviate

• Meaning : to make easier to endure, to lessen,

mitigate, to alleviate sorrow, to alleviate pain

• Pronunciation: ə-‘li:-vi-eit

• Synonyms : lighten, diminish, abate, relieve,

assuage

• Antonyms : increase, strengthen; aggravate,

• intensify

Concordances for alleviateConcordances for alleviate• The loan will be used to alleviate shortage of raw materials, spare parts

• and other miscellaneous items.

• The proposal was designed to alleviate growing problems of

• congestion and pollution.

• The finance Minister announced a series of measures designed to

alleviate the upward spiral in the price of essential goods.

• Technology and applied science have done much more to alleviate the worst

effects of nature by providing help against, for instance, floods, storms,

diseases, droughts, infertile soils and long distances.

• Ingenious balance shafts, which for the layman alleviate vibration and

centrifugal imbalance, make this power unit smooth enough to be the

envy of any chauffeur-driven decision maker.

• The technical training department has developed a strategy to help

alleviate the continual short-fall of instrument personnel available to the

offshore industry.

Concordances for alleviateConcordances for alleviate

• India will need to import 30 to 40 million tonnes of high grade thermal coal by 2011 to 2012 to alleviate looming shortages

• Technology and applied science have done much more to alleviate the worst effects of nature by providing help against, for instance, floods, storms, diseases, droughts, infertile soils and long distances.

Stifle (Stifle (verb)verb)- -

• Meaning: abate, alleviate, prevent, restrain

• Pronunciation: staifl

• synonyms: constrain, hinder, hamper, impede, hold back, curb, check, restrain, prevent, inhibit, suppress. antonym: encourage ...

• Antonyms: encourage, help, let out, persuade

Concordances for stifleConcordances for stifle

• If man is not to stifle his human feelings, he must practice kindness towards animals, for he who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men.

• • Attaching tax burdens to each online transaction will certainly

dampen enthusiasm for Internet usage and stifle technological innovation. ..

• Mill closures did not stifle UK production from Paperboard Packaging in Business ... Usage of recycled fibre now constitutes 68 percent of fibre used. ...

• Levying tax based on usage might stifle the growth of the VOD service market. This paper presents another alternative pricing scheme that can partly resolve the afore- ...

Concordances for StifleConcordances for Stifle• Bio-fuel market stifled: group

• City development is stifled by red tape.

• Litigation could stifle enterprise networking standards.

• Lebedev says Russian Economy, Media is stifled by Kremlin control.

• Leading international and domestic economists say that the service sector is stifled.

• The government has stifled the development of the market forces by having its hold on vital resources.

• Could intellectual property woes stifle innovative chip designs?

How can grammar be taught usingHow can grammar be taught using Podcasts?Podcasts?

• by providing several examples of the natural occurences of a particular grammatical item from a collection of texts.

• providing an inductive method to learning as opposed to the rule-based learning

Grammar:The Present Perfect Grammar:The Present Perfect tensetense

• I have just had lunch.

• He has just arrived.

• She has had a bath. (just had a bath)

• I have lost my key. (I don't have it now)

• I have forgotten his name. ( I can't remember it now.)

• She has gone out. (she is out now.)

• (In all these examples, the action in the past has a result now. Therefore, the present perfect is used when the action in the past has a result in the present)

Present PerfectPresent Perfect• The issue has divided the country more than any.

• That question has troubled many critics of late.

• The French press has produced the dangerous illusion.

• Mr. Jones has led an often lonely crusade for peace.

• She is a woman who has undergone more stress• • Meanwhile, the new media have come to stay. • • (These are all examples to indicate an event which

happened at an unknown time before the present)

Present PerfectPresent Perfect to indicate an event which to indicate an event which continues into the presentcontinues into the present

• I have lived here for seven years.

• He has worked in this industry for 10 years.

• Like the Alice Books, he has loved the tempest

since he was a child.

• She has done a lot of work today.

• (Here we have used the present perfect tense to talk about an event which continues into the present. )

The present PerfectThe present Perfect

Mr. Sony Mr. Sony has askedhas asked the students to select a project that the students to select a project that has to be donehas to be done in in the final year. He the final year. He has explainedhas explained the students about how to choose a the students about how to choose a

project. Amali project. Amali has givenhas given much thought on a suitable project. This is what much thought on a suitable project. This is what she she has donehas done in choosing a project. in choosing a project.

She She has gonehas gone to the library to seek information from the books, periodicals to the library to seek information from the books, periodicals and dissertations on topics similar to what she and dissertations on topics similar to what she has contemplatedhas contemplated. . She She

has readhas read through the journals and Research thesis for articles related to the through the journals and Research thesis for articles related to the project. She project. She has writtenhas written down the titles of books from the card catalog that down the titles of books from the card catalog that

are on her topic. She are on her topic. She has foundhas found the journals and books. she the journals and books. she has takenhas taken notes on important information from magazines and books. She notes on important information from magazines and books. She has has

sequencedsequenced the process of going about with her project. She the process of going about with her project. She has writtenhas written a a rough draft and rough draft and has submittedhas submitted it to Mr. Sony. He it to Mr. Sony. He has readhas read it and it and has givenhas given

her some more ideas on how to go about executing the project. He her some more ideas on how to go about executing the project. He has has also suggestedalso suggested her to do the project in Satyam Computers. He her to do the project in Satyam Computers. He has has

providedprovided her a recommendation letter to the HR executive, of the her a recommendation letter to the HR executive, of the company, Mr. Sharma. She company, Mr. Sharma. She has contactedhas contacted Mr. Sharma. Finally, she Mr. Sharma. Finally, she has gothas got

permission to do the project. permission to do the project.

SequencingSequencingWhy are Asian Companies Increasingly going global?Why are Asian Companies Increasingly going global?

Asian companies understand that to succeed, you need to operate Asian companies understand that to succeed, you need to operate globally. You need to reach customers the world over as they have globally. You need to reach customers the world over as they have increasing choices over what product or service to consume.increasing choices over what product or service to consume.

YouYou firstfirst sell to your local markets and then begin exporting to foreign sell to your local markets and then begin exporting to foreign markets. Today, changes in Technology have enabled companies to markets. Today, changes in Technology have enabled companies to begin selling globally at the first stage itself.begin selling globally at the first stage itself.

SecondSecond, the resources of the world are also now coming under , the resources of the world are also now coming under increasing scrutiny as energy-hungry China and India compete with increasing scrutiny as energy-hungry China and India compete with global energy majors in this space.global energy majors in this space.

ThirdThird, talent today is global and you need to hire, not only locally, but , talent today is global and you need to hire, not only locally, but select those with the best skills to manage your strategy and operations.select those with the best skills to manage your strategy and operations.

ThusThus Asian companies are expanding fast globally to serve their Asian companies are expanding fast globally to serve their customers and gain access to high quality resources.customers and gain access to high quality resources.

Sequencing ideasSequencing ideasFirstFirst, the roller on the machine is inked, and , the roller on the machine is inked, and thenthen, the roller is , the roller is rotated either by hand or by means of an automatic device.rotated either by hand or by means of an automatic device.

SecondlySecondly, corrections are carried out on the stencil paper., corrections are carried out on the stencil paper.

NextNext, the stencil paper is placed in position on the duplicating , the stencil paper is placed in position on the duplicating machine.machine.

After thatAfter that, , the stencil paper is removed from the machine and the stencil paper is removed from the machine and stored for future use. stored for future use.

This is done by painting the correcting fluid on the wrong line, This is done by painting the correcting fluid on the wrong line, allowing the fluid to dry, and allowing the fluid to dry, and thenthen typing the correct words over typing the correct words over the paint.the paint.

FinallyFinally, , the letter should be typed on stencil paper, setting the the letter should be typed on stencil paper, setting the typewriter to the stencil-cutting position.typewriter to the stencil-cutting position.

The use of 'for'The use of 'for'• He was a great leader who has held office for 10

years.

• He was in the operation theatre for 11 years.

• He has been a world champion for 10 years, between 1985 and 1995.

• He has worked in an industry for 5 years and then shifted to teaching.

• He was sent for training for 3 months and then inducted into the company.

How can we carry out a Listening How can we carry out a Listening Activity using a Podcast?Activity using a Podcast?

• select certain tricky words, difficult grammatical structures, and expressions to be explained through the

discussion about the topic and ask the students to predict the content.

• Ask the student to listen to the content using the ipod and simultaneously answer questions given in the handout.

• After listening, ask the student to summarise, make an analysis

and critically evaluate the content and develop the concepts acquired from the listening text.

How can Podcasts aid in How can Podcasts aid in teaching Listening?teaching Listening?

Podcasts can provide

tailor made listening exercise and a context to interact

graded listening texts to the students

teacher's presence

interactive learning of comprehension

jigsaw listening

What are the Different Stages of a What are the Different Stages of a Listening Activity?Listening Activity?

• Pre-Listening Activity

• While-Listening Activity

• Post-Listening Activity

Purpose of Pre-Listening ActivityPurpose of Pre-Listening Activity

• to activate existing knowledge

• to provide necessary context for the specific listening task

• build on existing knowledge

Activities in a Pre-Listening TaskActivities in a Pre-Listening Task

• the teacher giving background information

• the students reading something relevant;

• the students looking at pictures;

• discussion and answer session;

• written exercises;

• follow instructions for the while-listening

activity

Purpose of a While Listening Purpose of a While Listening ActivityActivity

• to focus student’s attention on

• comprehension of the speaker’s language and ideas

• on the organizational patterns of the text

• encourage critical reactions and personal responses to the speakers' ideas and use of language

While-Listening ActivitiesWhile-Listening Activities

• information transfer - (filling grids, forms, lists, maps, charts, plans etc.)• sequencing - (ordering of a series of pictures or information)

• information search - (listening for specific items, e.g. answer a particular question from the pre-listening stage

• filling in blanks - filling the missing words of a transcript of a passage)

• matching the items

• note taking system

Purpose of Post ListeningPurpose of Post Listening

provide opportunities to

• connect the text to one’s own ideas and experiences

• encourage interpretative and critical listening and reflective thinking

Post-Listening ActivitiesPost-Listening Activities• answer questions to show comprehension of

text

• critically analyze the listening text

• summarize a presentation

• Write letters, telegrams, postcards, messages etc. as a follow-up to listening activities;

• use the listening text to debate, interview, carry on discussions, role-plays, simulations, etc.

How do we teach Group How do we teach Group Discussion using a Podcast?Discussion using a Podcast?

• A consciousness raising activity on how to participate in a G.D. can be done by using a video recording of a sample Group discussion using a vodcast.

• The focus must be on how to initiate a G.D. , turn-take, support an argument, contradict an idea, moderate an argument, and conclude a G.D.

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