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-
4
0 8 7
-
4
1
101
IIIVCdTeCIGSIII
VGaAsIIIV
CdTeCIGS
037
1
III V
CdTe
CIGS
046
0 8 8 0 8 8 0 8 90 8 9
-
4
1037
1
mm
GaAs
IIIV
IIIVGaAs
CdTeCIGSIIIV
m
038
1
23
CIGS
CdTe
22.7
17.0
24.5 2.05
1.82
1.37
0.99
0.98
20.4
10.4 20.0
36.1 41.6
13.6 20.0
10.9 16.7
0.75 3.311.2
1 2.847.9
Si
Cd
201012h://www.solarbuzz.com/Moduleprices.htm& 2008Nanosolar roletorole+ 2009First Solar # Estimation: Joseph Kalowekamo, Erin Baker : Estimating the manufacturing cost of purely organic solar cells; Solar Energy 83, 1224-1231 (2009) M.A.Green et al. :Solar cell efficiency tables (version 35); Progress in Photovoltaic Research Application, vol.18 (2010) pp.144-150. 1W
8.5
3.5
5066070
(2010)***
0 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 10 9 1
-
4
1
cm1
EeVnm
E1239.8/
5
xSi
GaAsCISCuInSe2
GaAsCIS
039
1
I0xcmIxI x I0 ex
3104cm1x1m104 cm1/e0.373m5103cm13m74100cm1
106
105
104
103
102
100.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6
1200 1000 800 700 600 500nm
(cm1)
EeV
CuInSe2
CdTeInP
Cu2S
GaAs aSiH
xSi
CdS
Zn3P2
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
00 1.0 2.0 3.0
m
100
1000
10000cm1
0 9 2 0 9 2 0 9 30 9 3
-
4
1950
75
1a
b
21.25eV100cm1
100m1.13eV
100m
150300m
040 75
2
1
a b
12001000 800 700 600 500
0.810
102
103
104
1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6
nm
cm1
EeV
5066070
1.25eV100cm1
0 9 4 0 9 4 0 9 50 9 5
-
4
pn
1pnpn
1
pn
p
n
pn
2n
p
p
p
p
n
pnp
041 75
1
p
p
2(025 )2(024 )3(028 )
2
n
pn
pn
npnp
0 9 6 0 9 6 0 9 70 9 7
-
4
0081953
19903
1024.5
23
11990
24.522.7
USNWFZ1
PERLPassivated-Emitter,,Rear-Localized
UNSWCZ45.7cm2 21.6
FZCZ20191
20
100cm2 17
0.1m2 151m2 13
21
1990
042
1 1990
FZ
FZ
CZ
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24.5
22.6
21.6 45.7
1.0
100
225
778
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19.8
17.2
17.8
22.7
15.3
4.0 UNSW*
UNSW*
UNSW*
UNSW*
Sandia
4.0
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University of New South Wales
T.Saito et al.:Prog. Photovoltaics 1, pp.11-23 (1993)
1 UNSWPERL
n
pp
n
1990PERLPassivated-Emitter,, Rear-Localized24.5%
0 9 8 0 9 8 0 9 90 9 9
-
4
direct freezing1
202010kg
133p.432010.7
2
3aLSI
b
6078
043
1
2
3
SS GG DD
a b
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 0 1
-
4
100300m
0391a-SiH1.7eV2.0eV104cm1
1
2
ab
44
a
4
3b
1
pn
044
1
2
pn
a b
Si
Si
H
1960nppn1975(SiH4)pn(PH3)n(B2H6)ppn
1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 31 0 3
-
4
pnpin
a-SiH
pn
np
1
pniiintrinsici
pi011pinn
2
A
Eo
E01.1eV1.7eV1.7eV
730nm
m
1/101/1002021
045
pinOK
1
p
i
n
pin
2
cm1
104
103
102
101
100
E
exp(E/Eu)
E0
E
E
AE0E01.7eVBC
A
B
E C
1 0 4 1 0 4 1 0 51 0 5
-
4
1p
a-SiCHi
a-Si:Hn
c-Si
CVD3
2nm
1.1eV
1078
HIT
1015HITHeterojunction with Insulating Thin layera-Si:H
p/ii/na-Si:H
21.6
AlAl
nc Sinc Si
ia SiHia SiH
pa SiCHpa SiCH
300nm
20nm
500nm
10nm
300nm
paSiCHiaSiHn(cSi)
046
1
2 c-SiH
1977a-Si:HAM-1100mW150a-Si:H15 20
1 0 6 1 0 6 1 0 71 0 7
-
4
1
GaAsIIIV
IIIV048049GaAs
2GaAs
1IIIV25
3040
3
IIIVGaAs
2
GaAs
0.1eV
AEEgSi0.1eV1.2eV100cm1
GaAsBEEgGaAs0.1eV1.53eV104cm1 2
5
047 IIIV
IIIV
1
1 IIIV
/
M.A.Green et al.Solar cell efficiency tableversion 35, Prog. PhotovoltRes. Appl. 18 201014450
2 26.1 Radboud U.2009
Fraunhofer,2009
RTI,1997
Spire,1990
Japan Energy,1996
Spectrolab.,2003
Kopin/Boeing,1988
Spectrolab.,2009
28.8
18.4
22.1
30.3
32.0
25.8
41.6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
GaAs
GaAs
GaAs/Ge
InP
GaInP/GaAs
GaInP/GaAs/Ge
GaAs/CIS
GaInP/GaAs/Ge
364sun
232sun
2 GaAs
nm
EeV
cm-1
0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6
106
105
104
103
102
10
1200 1000 800 700600 500
GaAs
x-Si
Si1.11eV0.14eVE=1.25eVA100cm1GaAs1.43 eV0.08eVE=1.5eVB104cm1GaAsSi2
1 0 8 1 0 8 1 0 91 0 9
-
4
IIIV
1GaAsZBGaAs
Si1III
GaVAs
GaAsIIIV IIIV
IIIVIIIVIII
13BAlGa
In13
V15NPAsSb
Bi
IIIV
12a
414
4
IIIVbIII3V5
84
1IIIV
1.43eV
1.13eV 1000cm2/Vs
9750cm2/Vs
048 IIIV
IIIVIIIV
1
2
a
Si
b
Ga As
a=5.431 a=5.653
GaAs()aSibGa()As()
a a
Si Si
a b
Ga As
48
Ga3As58
1 IIIV
GaP ZB a=5.4512 2.27 190 150InP ZB a=5.8686 1.34 540 150AlAs ZB a=5.6605 2.15 294GaAs ZB a=5.6533 1.42 9750 450InAs ZB a=6.0584 0.36 33000 450AlSb ZB a=6.1355 1.62 200 400GaSb ZB a=6.0959 0.75 7700 1000InSb ZB a=6.4794 0.18 77000 850
() (cm2/Vs) (cm2/Vs)(eV)
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 11 1 1
-
4
047130IIIV23GaInP/GaAs2
202630.3GaInP/GaAs/Ge332
35GaInP/GaInAs/Ge3GaInP
GaPInP2
GaInAsGaAsInAs
2
IIIV0481
1cGaInAsGa1xInxAsaGaAsb
InAscAs
InGaIn
GaInAsGaAsInAs
GaAsa5.653InP
a5.8692a
InAsa6.058InP
bGaInAs
cInP
MBEMOVPE
049 40IIIV
IIIVIIIV
1 GaAsInAsGa1xInxAs
2
Ga As Ga AsIn InAs
a b c
(a)GaAs(b)InAs(c)AsInGaIn
a b c
(a) GaAs(a=5.653)InPa=5.869(b) InAsa=6.058InPGaInAs(c)InP
GaAsGaAs InAsInAs GaInAsGaInAs
InPInP InPInP InPInP
5.5 6.5
MBE 1K MOVPE 1TEGAsH3
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 31 1 3
-
4
IIIVIIVISSeTe
IIZnCd
122CdTe
IIVI11
Cd26VI
8
16.710
CdTe2
1.48eV
CdTepCdTenCdSpn
CdSnCdS2.4eV
CdTeCdS
CdTe
3CdS/CdTe
n-CdSCdTe
Cd
First Solar
050 CdTe
CdTe/CdSCd
3 CdTe
1 CdTe
CdTenCdSpCdTe
CdS(n)
CdTe(p)
2
nm
EeV
cm1106
105
104
103
102
10
CulnSe2CdTe
GaAs
xSi
CdS
50060070080010001200
0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6
CdTeGaAs
Cd2Te6
8
Cd Te
1 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 51 1 5
-
4
CIGS
CIGSCIGS
CuInGaSe4CuIn1x
GaxSe2 33
CuInSe2CIS
CIS
CIS
1
IV14046IIIV049IIVIIVIIVI
II12I11III13VI2
IIIIVI2
2CuInSe2
GaAs2CuIn
CuFeS2
chalcopyrite
1CISIIIIVI2
IIIIVI2
051 CIGS
CIGSCuInGaSe4CIGS
1
2
Si
GaAs
ZB
CdTe
(ZB)
CuInSe2
CH
22
CuAs SeGa In
1 CIS
a c
a c
CuInSe2 1.04 5.79 11.60 CuInS2 1.53 5.52 11.08
CuGaSe2 1.6 5.61 11.01 CuGaS2 2.5 5.35 10.48
CuAlSe2 2.7 5.60 10.91 CuAlS2 3.5 5.32 10.43
AgInSe2 1.04 6.10 11.68 AgInS2 1.9 5.82 11.18
AgGaSe2 1.9 5.82 11.18 AgGaS2 2.7 5.75 10.29
AgAlSe2 2.55 5.96 10.74 AgAlS2 3.13 5.70 10.26
eVeV
1 1 6 1 1 6 1 1 71 1 7
-
4
CIS
CISCuInS2050212m
InGa
CIGS1.25eV
20
16.7
1kW5kgCIS60gOK
1200m
1kW5kgCIGS
2m1kW60g
CIGS
CIGS1
CIGS3
CBDMO
CVD
CIGS
052 CIGS
CIGS
1 CIGS1W
10%1kW10m2200m2000cm32.345kg
10%1kW10m2CIS2m20cm3CIS5.77CIS115gCu+In60g
Si
1kW
CuIn
3 CuInGaSe43CIGS1InGaSe 2CuSe 3 InGaSe20 CuInGaH2SeCIGS
2 CIGS
CIGSCIGS
CIGS(Mo)CIGSCdSZnSZnO
CIGSIn70810.00001%ITOCISInZnSn4Cu2ZnSnS4copper zinc tin sulfideCZTS)CIGS
1 1 8 1 1 8 1 1 91 1 9
-
4
pn
C60PCBM
56.5
pn
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pinBP
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/
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AI
/
ITO
i
p
a
pinb
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 11 2 1
-
4
TiO2
3.03.2eV
11991
TiO2
Pt
TiO2
I
I
VocREDOX
11.2
2
054
1
HOMOLUMOLUMOLUMOHOMOIHOMOIREDOXHOMO
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2
CIO4CIO4
Li+
ba
CIO4CIO4
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PtPt PtPt
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 31 2 3
-
1
3700kWh20082800kWh24
2009
20103300kWh
1500kWh1030kWh
3115
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
kWh
1
4000
1 2 4 1 2 4