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Today is April 14, 2014
Eubacteria
Archaea(bacteria)
Eukaryota
All life is categorized in
3 domains. Domains
are the broadest category.
Domains are further classified
getting
more specific at each
level.
1. Archaebacteria2. Eubacteria3. Protist4. Fungi5. Plant6. Animal
There are 6 kingdoms in modern classification.
Classification of Living Things
There are 13 billion known species of organisms
This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!
New organisms are still being
found and identified today.
What is Classification?
Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Classification is also known as
taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that
identify and name organisms
Benefits of taxonomy
Taxonomy has the benefit of classifying organisms accurately and uniformly by assigning scientifically based names.
It prevents misnomers such as starfish and jellyfish that aren't really fish
Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names
Early Taxonomists
2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist
Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals
He subdivided them by their habitat ---land, sea, or air dwellers
John Ray
Early Taxonomist, John Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming plants
His names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plant
Carolus Linnaeus1707
Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today
Carolus Linnaeus
Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the modern system of naming
known as binomial nomenclature Each organism has a two-word name
(Genus & species)
Standardized Naming
Binomial nomenclature uses Genus and species names
Latin or Greek Italicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when writing
Turdus migratorius
Rules for Naming Organisms
The International Code for Binomial Nomenclature contains the rules for naming organisms
All names must be approved by International Naming Congresses (International Zoological Congress)
This prevents duplicate names
Hierarchy of Names
There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
Domains
Broadest, most inclusive group Three domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular
prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)
Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Archaea
Archaea live in harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved.
Ancient life forms that still survive today Found in sewage treatment plants and
thermal vents Live in areas without oxygen
Eubacteria
Eubacteria, only some of which cause human diseases, are present in almost all habitats on Earth.
Many bacteria are important environmentally and commercially.
Eubacteria are found in
intestines and help
break down food
Domain Eukarya
Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms Protista (protozoans, algae…) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals)
Kingdom Protista
Most are unicellular Some are multicellular Some are autotrophic, while others are
heterotrophic
Kingdom Plantae
Multicellular Autotrophic Absorb sunlight to make
glucose – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of
cellulose
http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/sixkingdoms/
Credits
M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/thumb/7/7d/Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg/250px-
http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/thezone/animals/animalid/images/class7.gif
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/dantescience-287709-classification-living-things-nomeclature-education-ppt-powerpoint/