學生:謝明修 指導教授:王振乾
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Polylactide, Nanoclay, and Core–Shell Rubber Composites
Tongnian Li, Lih-Sheng Turng , Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison,1513 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706Shaoqin Gong , Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street,Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211Kurt Erlacher, Bruker AXS Inc., 5465 E. Cheryl Parkway, Madison, Wisconsin 53711
學生:謝明修
指導教授:王振乾
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Abstract
◎ 利用雙螺旋擠壓機熔融混合,製備出 polylactide(PLA)/nanoclay 、 PLA/core-shell rubber 和 PLA/nanoclay/core-shell rubber 。Nanoclay : 有機改質蒙脫土 (Cloisite 30B and 20A)Core-shell rubbers : core (polybutylacrylate) , shell (polymethylmethacrylate)
Paraloid EXL2314 :表面處理 epoxy functional group EXL2330 :無表面處理
◎ 探討 PLA 與 nanoclay 和 rubber 結合之機械與熱學特性。 實驗結果發現, PLA 分別添加兩種 5 wt% nanoclay ,增加其模量及相當的 impact strength ,降低 tensile strength 和 strain at break 。( PLA/nanoclay ) 另ㄧ方面, PLA/EXL2330 的複合物, rubber 添加至 10 wt% 或者更多可得到較大的 impact strength 和 strain at break ,但是模數和強度皆低於純 PLA 。( PLA/core-shell rubber )
PLA 同時添加 5 wt% nanoclay ( Cloisite 30B ) 和 20 wt% EXL2330 ,增加 134% impact strength 、 6% strain at break ,模量相似,降低 28% tensile strength 。( PLA/nanoclay/core-shell rubber )
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Introduction
Core-shell rubber particles 的添加可使 thermoplastic 或 thermoset 材料變得堅韌。組成 core 的部份為已交聯的彈性體,而 shell 部分為 thermoplastic ,在高分子混摻中 thermoplastic 可使 rubber particles 具有較佳的分散性 。一般 core-shell rubber particles 的粒徑尺寸約在 50-500 nm 。影響韌性修飾的因素包括:( 1 ) rubber 的玻璃轉移溫度,( 2 ) rubber 在高分子混摻的粒徑大小,( 3 )分散性,( 4 )對高分子基材的附著性。
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FIG. 1. Wide-angle XRD patterns for (a) PLA, Cloisite30B,and PLA-5 wt% Cloisite30B nanocomposites, and (b) PLA,Cloisite20A, and PLA-5 wt% Cloisite20A nanocomposites.
FIG. 2. TEM image for (a) PLA-30B-05 and (b) PLA-20A-05.
30BΘ=4.75°D=1.86nm
20AΘ=3.30°D=2.67nm
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FIG. 3. Weight loss versus temperature measured by TGA forCloisite30B and Cloisite 20A.
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FIG. 4. The melt flow indices (MFI) of PLA (extruded and moldedsamples) and PLA–MMT (Cloisite30B or Cloisite 20A) nanocomposites(extruded samples) at various loading levels after melt compounding.
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FIG. 5. The effects of adding core–shell rubber on the (a) impact strength, (b) strain at break, (c) tensilestrength, and (d) tensile modulus of PLA core–shell rubber composites.
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FIG. 6. Wide-angle XRD patterns for Cloisite30B, PLA, and PLA-30B-05-EXL2330–10 nanocomposites.
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FIG. 7. Enlarged view of the peak regions for PLA-30B-05 and PLA-30B-05-EXL2330–10 composites. The curves plotted the azimuthally Averaged intensity of the three composites listed on the plot with the azimuthally averaged intensity of pure PLA subtracted. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.]
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FIG. 8. TGA thermograms of PLA, EXL2330, PLA-30B-05, and PLA-30B-05-EXL2330–10 composites.
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Conclusions
• 添加 nanoclay 、 core-shell rubber 可有效改善 PAL 的機械性質。
• 研究中發現 Cloisite 30B 相較於 20A 親水,故適用於親水性的 PLA ,且插層的程度也比較好。
• Core-shell rubber 的研究, EXL-2330 可有效的增加 PLA之堅韌性,添加至 PLA-30B 也可促進插層的程度。