WESTWARD EXPANSION

WESTWARD EXPANSIONMANIFEST DESTINY 1840s expansion of the west exploded. Felt moving westward was predestined by God

Reasons abundance of land, new markets, new opportunities, spread Christianity

"(It is) ..our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty" In 1845 these words were written by John O'Sullivan, a democrat leader and editor newspaper

TEXAS INDEPENDENCE1835- Texans claimed independence from Mexico - war-Remember the ALAMO(1836) The Mexican army killed all 187 US defenders Then Sam Houston and his rebels attacked a Mexican army and cried Remember the Alamo which ended the war and Texas gained independence

WAR WITH MEXICO 1845 Texas entered the UnionPres. Polk wanted all the land to the Rio Grande Tried peace talks Mexico refusedCalled for War Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo -Mexico agreed to border at the Rio Grande plus US gained NM and CA The US paid Mexico 15 million for the land.

CA gold rush 1848- Gold found Forty -ninersCA population rose from 400 (1848) to 44,000 (1850) to 100,000(1859)Revolutionized Californias economy

REFORMING AMERICA SOCIETY Second Great Awakening1790s to 1830s a Christian movement that focus on revivals

Compromise of 1850Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 (By Stephen Douglas)Kansas would be a slave state and Nebraska would be a free state.Totally wrecked the Missouri CompromiseTechnically it would be decided by popular sovereigntyBleeding Kansas IssueSmall civil war concerning slavery in KansasBorder Ruffians vs Free StatersPeople are divided and angryBorder Ruffians burned and ransacked Lawrence, KS1856 US SenateMassachusetts Senator Charles Sumner made an ugly speech about the South (especially SC)A SC senator Preston Brooks gets up and strikes Sumner with a cane!! Sumner vs. Brooks ContBrooks resigned his seat, but was reelectedSumner had to leave for treatment in Europe

The Kansas problem spilled over into the Senate.

John Brown Dred Scott DecisionSLAVERY AND ABOLITION ABOLITION- the movement to free African Americans from slavery

William Lloyd GarrisonWhite abolitionist called for immediate freedom of slavesIn the very first issue of his anti-slavery newspaper, the Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison stated, "I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD

FREDERICK DOUGLASSThe most prominent black abolitionist Escaped from bondage in 1831 at age 21Gifted orator, editor, writerCritic of slavery through His newspaper, The North StarLooked at politics to change slavery

Turners REBELLION Slaves rebelled against their conditions led by Nat Turner, a VA slave in August 1831Turner and 50 others attacked 4 plantations and killed around 60Eventually Turner and followers were captured and killed Importance- scared slaveholders and encouraged the abolitionist movementIncluding the Raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859

Womens REFORM Women played important roles in reform:AbolitionistsTemperance (effort to prohibit alcohol)Education Health Care

Womens rights emerge Seneca Falls womens conference calling for the right to vote We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.

Sojourner Truth abolitionist, sought equal rights for women and African Americans

UNDERGROUND RAILROADSecret network of people who would help slaves to freedom Harriet Tubman helped over 300 slaves to freedom

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