zululand district rural development plan kwa-zulu … · this district rural development plan...

ZULULAND DISTRICT

RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

KWA-ZULU NATAL PROVINCE

2016

PREPARTED BY: DITAU GEO-INFORMATICS SOLUTIONS

PREPARED FOR: DEPARTMENT OFRURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND REFORM

Chief Directorate: Spatial Planning and Land Use Management 224 Church Street, Capitol Towers, 0001. Private Bag X833, Pretoria, 0001 –Tel (012) 312 9548, Fax (012) 323 6419 email:[email protected]

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i

CONTENTS

0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 1

1 SECTION ONE – BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 3

1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 VISION FOR DISTRICT RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS ............................................................................ 3 1.3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 DRDPS & RURAL ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION ................................................................................ 4 1.5 RURAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES ..................................................................................................... 5 1.6 PURPOSE OF DISTRICT RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS .......................................................................... 6 1.7 AGRI-BUSINESS AS A CATALYST FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT ................................................................ 8 1.8 AGRIPARK AS AN ANCHOR FOR AGRARIAN REFORM ............................................................................. 8 1.9 A FUNCTIONAL REGIONAL APPROACH TO RURAL PLANNING ................................................................. 9

2 SECTION TWO – STUDY AREA.......................................................................................................... 12

3 SECTION THREE – POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT ............................................................ 14

3.1 NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIES............................................................................................... 14 3.1.1 National Development Plan 2030 (NDP) ............................................................................... 15 3.1.2 New Growth Path (NGP) ....................................................................................................... 16 3.1.3 Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF) – 2014 to 2019 ................................................ 16 3.1.4 Comprehensive Rural Development Programme Framework (CRDP) – 2009 ..................... 17 3.1.5 Agricultural Policy Action Plan (APAP) .................................................................................. 17

3.2 PROVINCIAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIES............................................................................................ 18 3.2.1 KZN Provincial Growth and Development Strategy 2011 (PGDS) ........................................ 18 3.2.2 KZN Provincial Growth and Development Plan (PGDP) 2011-2030 ..................................... 19 3.2.3 KZN Provincial Spatial Development Framework (SDF) 2011 .............................................. 20

3.3 DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY POLICIES AND STRATEGIES .......................................................................... 28 3.4 LOCAL MUNICIPALITY POLICIES AND STRATEGIES .............................................................................. 30

3.4.1 Abaqulusi Local Municipality IDP 2013/14 ............................................................................ 30 3.4.2 eDumbe Local Municipality (IDP) 2013/14 ............................................................................ 31 3.4.3 Nongoma Local Municipality IDP 2014/15 ............................................................................ 32 3.4.4 Ulundi Local Municipality IDP 2014/15 .................................................................................. 32 3.4.5 uPhongolo Local Municipality IDP 2014/2015 ....................................................................... 33

3.5 SYNTHESIS ...................................................................................................................................... 33

4 SECTION FOUR – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 35

4.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 35 4.2 KEY ECONOMIC SECTORS ANT THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO GVA ........................................................... 46 4.3 PRIMARY SECTOR ........................................................................................................................... 47

4.3.1 Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 48 4.4 SECONDARY SECTOR ...................................................................................................................... 48 4.5 ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................................. 50 4.6 WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY STATUS QUO ...................................................................... 56

4.6.1 Water Quality ......................................................................................................................... 56 4.6.2 CLIMATE ............................................................................................................................... 57 4.6.3 FORESTRY ........................................................................................................................... 57 4.6.4 AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL .............................................................................................. 58 4.6.5 TOURISM .............................................................................................................................. 58 4.6.6 SYNTHESIS .......................................................................................................................... 59

4.7 SYNTHESIS ...................................................................................................................................... 60

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii

4.7.1 People ................................................................................................................................... 60 4.7.2 Places .................................................................................................................................... 60 4.7.3 Employment .......................................................................................................................... 61 4.7.4 Economy ............................................................................................................................... 61

5 LAND REFORM .................................................................................................................................... 61

5.1 STATE LAND .................................................................................................................................... 62 5.2 DARD PROJECTS............................................................................................................................ 64 5.3 DRDLR PROJECTS (RID / REID) ..................................................................................................... 66 5.4 LAND REFORM PROJECTS (REDISTRIBUTION) .................................................................................... 68

5.4.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 70 5.5 RECAPITALISATION PROJECTS: ......................................................................................................... 72 5.6 EXTRAS .......................................................................................................................................... 73

6 SECTION FIVE – SECTOR SPECIFIC ANALYSIS AND VALUE CHAIN ........................................... 73

5.1 AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAINS ......................................................................................................... 82 6.1.1 Vegetables Value Chain ........................................................................................................ 82 6.1.2 Sugarcane Value Chain ........................................................................................................ 83 6.1.3 Beef Value Chain .................................................................................................................. 85 6.1.4 Pig Value Chain ..................................................................................................................... 86 6.1.5 Maize Value Chain ................................................................................................................ 87 6.1.6 Current Agricultural Projects by Local Municipality ............................................................... 88

7 SECTION SIX – FUNCTIONAL REGIONS & INTERVENTION AREAS.............................................. 96

7.1 FUNCTIONAL REGION 1: ABAQULUSI-EDUMBE & SURROUNDING AREAS ............................................... 98 7.2 FUNCTIONAL REGION 2: ULUNDI-NONGOMA & SURROUNDING AREAS .................................................. 99 7.3 FUNCTIONAL REGION 3: UPHONGOLA & SURROUNDING AREAS ........................................................... 99 7.4 INTERVENTION AREAS - SETTLEMENTS ........................................................................................... 100

7.4.1 Intervention Area 1: ............................................................................................................. 102 7.4.2 Intervention Area 2: ............................................................................................................. 102 7.4.3 Intervention Area 3: ............................................................................................................. 102 7.4.4 Intervention Area 4: ............................................................................................................. 102

8 SECTION SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN .................................................................................. 102

7.1 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ACTIONS .............................................................................................. 104 8.1.1 Objective 1: Improving productivity & competitiveness of the agriculture sector ................. 104 8.1.2 Objective 2: Promote tourism through existing development corridors ............................... 107 8.1.3 Objective 3: Investment in rural industrialisation ................................................................. 109 8.1.4 Objective 4: Conserving the natural environment ............................................................... 112 8.1.5 Objective 5: Promoting integrated human settlements ........................................................ 112 8.1.6 Objective 6: Development of the mining sector ................................................................... 112

7.2 CATALYTIC PROJECTS ................................................................................................................... 112 8.1.7 Localised Rural Development Projects ............................................................................... 126

7.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... 141 7.4 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ....................................................................................................... 144

9 ANNEXURE 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 147

9.1 OTHER EXISTING PROJECTS .................................................................................................. 164

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: KZN SDF – ZULULAND DM PRIORITY INTERVENTION AREAS .............................................. 23 TABLE 2: KZN SDF - INTERPRETATION OF SPATIAL CATEGORIES ...................................................... 24

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii

TABLE 3: POPULATION GROWTH & DECLINE ......................................................................................... 42 TABLE 4: NATURE RESERVES & GAME PARKS ...................................................................................... 51 TABLE 5: TERRAIN ...................................................................................................................................... 53 TABLE 6: EXTENT OF STATE LAND ......................................................................................................... 62 TABLE 7: DETAILS OF DARD PROJECTS IN AMAJUBA DM .................................................................. 64 TABLE 8: SUMMARY OF DARD PROJECTS/LM IN UTHUNGULU DM.................................................... 65 TABLE 9: REID PROJECTS – ZULULAND DM .......................................................................................... 66 TABLE 10: RID PROJECTS – UMZINYATHI DM ........................................................................................ 67 TABLE 11: LAND REFORM PROJECTS SUMMARY – ABAQULUSI LM ................................................. 68 TABLE 12: LAND REFORM PROJECTS SUMMARY – EDUMBE LM ....................................................... 69 TABLE 13: LAND REFORM PROJECTS SUMMARY – ULUNDI LM ......................................................... 69 TABLE 14: LAND REFORM PROJECTS SUMMARY – MTUBATUBA LM ............................................... 70 TABLE 15: LAND REFORM PROJECTS SUMMARY – UMKHANYAKUDE DM ....................................... 71 TABLE 16: LAND REFORM PROJECTS SUMMARY – UMZINYATHI DM ................................................ 71 TABLE 17: RECAPITALISATION PROJECTS – UMKHANYAKUDE DM .................................................. 72 TABLE 18: POPULATION & AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD COMPARISON ........................................... 75 TABLE 19: UPHONGOLO LOCAL MUNICIPALITY...................................................................................... 88 TABLE 20: EDUMBE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY.............................................................................................. 88 TABLE 21: ULUNDI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY................................................................................................ 89 TABLE 22: ABAQULUSI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY ........................................................................................ 90 TABLE 23: LIST OF OTHER KEY PROJECTS ............................................................................................ 92 TABLE 24: CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING CATALYTIC PROJECTS ........................................................ 113 TABLE 25: IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................................... 114 TABLE 26: M & E COMPONENENTYS ...................................................................................................... 145 TABLE 27: STRATEGIC PILLAR / PROGRAMME - RIVER VALLEY ........................................................ 147 TABLE 28: LAND REFORM ........................................................................................................................ 153 TABLE 29: COMMUNAL ESTATE PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 158 TABLE 30: OTHER EXISTING PROJECTS ............................................................................................... 164 TABLE 31: REGIONAL WATER SCHEME PROJECTS ............................................................................. 165 TABLE 32: AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS .................................................................................................. 166

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: DRDPS IN CONTEXT .................................................................................................................. 7 FIGURE 2: KZN SDF – IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY AREAS ............................................................... 21 FIGURE 3: POPULATION TRENDS ............................................................................................................. 35 FIGURE 4: POPULATION PROPORTIONS BY LM ..................................................................................... 36 FIGURE 5: HEALTH & MORTALITY............................................................................................................. 37 FIGURE 6: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE GROUP OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD .. 37 FIGURE 7: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE GROUP OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD .. 38 FIGURE 8: EMPLOYMENT BY SECTORS IN ZULULAND DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY .............................. 38 FIGURE 9: PRIMARY SECTOR EMPLOYMENT IN ZULULAND DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY ..................... 39 FIGURE 10: SECONDARY SECTOR EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTION IN ZULULAND DISTRICT

MUNICIPALITY ..................................................................................................................................... 40 FIGURE 11: TERTIARY SECTOR EMPLOYMENT ...................................................................................... 40 FIGURE 12: HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ........................................................................ 41 FIGURE 13: MIGRATION ............................................................................................................................. 41 FIGURE 14: BIRTH PLACE BY ORIGIN....................................................................................................... 42 FIGURE 15: GVA AT BASIC PRIZES ........................................................................................................... 46 FIGURE 16: GVA TRENDS BY LM............................................................................................................... 46 FIGURE 17: GVA CONTRIBUTION TRENDS BY SECTOR IN ZULULAND DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY .... 47 FIGURE 18: GVA PRIMARY SECTOR TRENDS ......................................................................................... 47 FIGURE 19: GVA TRENDS IN THE SECONDARY SECTOR ...................................................................... 49

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv

FIGURE 20: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY AND BY AGE

COHORTS ............................................................................................................................................ 74 FIGURE 21: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE GROUP ......................................... 74 FIGURE 22: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY EDUCATION LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD

HEAD .................................................................................................................................................... 75 FIGURE 23: AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD BY INCOME LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD .................... 76 FIGURE 24: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY ............................................... 77 FIGURE 25: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE ..................................................... 77 FIGURE 26: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS OWNING LIVESTOCK ................................ 78 FIGURE 27: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS OWNING CATTLE BY SCALE ................................................ 79 FIGURE 28: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL OWNING SHEEP BY SCALE ............................................... 79 FIGURE 29: GOAT PRODUCTION BY SCALE ............................................................................................ 80 FIGURE 30: WATER SOURCE BY AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS ........................................................ 81 FIGURE 31: VEGETABLE VALUE CHAIN ................................................................................................... 82 FIGURE 32: SUGARCANE VALUE CHAIN .................................................................................................. 84 FIGURE 33: BEEF VALUE CHAIN ............................................................................................................... 85 FIGURE 34: PIG VALUE CHAIN .................................................................................................................. 86 FIGURE 35: MAIZE VALUE CHAIN .............................................................................................................. 87 FIGURE 36: A DEPICTION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND ITS THREE PILLARS ................... 103 FIGURE 37: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT .......................................... 142 FIGURE 38: MULTI-STAKEHOLDER MAPPING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT ..................................... 143 FIGURE 39: A QUADRUPLE HELIX FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT ......................................................... 144

LIST OF MAPS

MAP 1: PSEDS NODES & LINKAGES IN NORTHERN KZN DISTRICTS ................................................... 11 MAP 2: STUDY AREA .................................................................................................................................. 13 MAP 3: KZN SDF – ZULULAND DM PRIORITY INTERVENTION AREAS .................................................. 24 MAP 4: KZN SDF – KZN SDF: ZULULAND DM EXTRACT ......................................................................... 26 MAP 5: SETTLEMENTS & ENGINEERING SERVICES ............................................................................... 44 MAP 6: ACCESSIBILITY INDEX ................................................................................................................... 45 MAP 7: CONSERVATION AREAS............................................................................................................... 54 MAP 8: DIVERSE FUNCTIONAL REGIONS ................................................................................................ 97 MAP 9: INTERVENTION AREAS - SETTLEMENTS .................................................................................. 101 MAP 10: AGRIHUB & FPSU’S .................................................................................................................... 106 MAP 11: PSED NODES & CORRIDORS.................................................................................................... 108 MAP 12 : DEPARTMENTAL PROJECTS & PROGRAMMES .................................................................... 111

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v

ACRONYMS

AH Agri-Hub

AP Agri-Park

APAP Agricultural Policy Action Plan

BBBEE Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment

CASP Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme

CRDP Comprehensive Rural Development Programme

CSIR Council For Scientific And Industrial Research

DAFF Department Of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries

DBE Department Of Basic Education

DEA Department Of Environmental Affairs

DM District Municipality

DRDLR Department of Rural Development & Land Reform

DRDP District Rural Development Plan

FPSU Farmer Production Support Unit

GVA Gross Value Added

ICT Information and Communications Technology

IDP Integrated Development Plan

IPAP Industrial Policy Action Plan

LED Local Economic Development

LM Local Municipality

LRAD Land Redistribution For Agricultural Development

M & E Monitoring And Evaluation

MSDF Municipal Spatial Development Framework

MTSF Medium Term Strategic Framework

NDP National Development Plan

NEMA National Environmental Management Act

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NGP New Growth Path

NSSD National Strategy for Sustainable Development

PGDS Provincial Growth Development Strategy

PIC Public Investment Corporation

PLAS Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy

PSDF Provincial Spatial Development Framework

RUMC Rural Urban Market Centre Unit

SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute

SDF Spatial Development Framework

SLLI Strategically Located Land Index

SMME Small Medium Micro Enterprise

SPLUMA Spatial Planning And Land Use Management Act

StatsSA Statistics South Africa

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This District Rural Development Plan (DRDP) for Zululand district municipality forms an integral part

of the implementation of the epochal National Development Plan (NDP) Vision 2030. In many ways,

DRDP is a fitting response to the clarion call for a meaningful, responsive and sustained, inclusive

and transformative rural economic development. Owing to the colonial, apartheid and now market-

driven, and exclusionary ‘developmental logic’, the majority of black people residing in former

homelands continue to bear the brunt of racialised poverty, economic marginalisation, and all other

forms of ‘structural absences’ that form part of their everyday social suffering. It is the intention of

the DRDP as well as other development-oriented spatial plans, programmes and initiatives to ensure

that people residing in rural areas also enjoy socio-economic rights as espoused in the Constitution.

Indeed, skewed land ownership patterns remain a proverbial thorn on the side of the nascent South

African democracy. However, there exist a range of remedial policies, strategies, plan and initiatives

geared towards the realisation of an inclusive, post-racial, capable and developmental state. This

DRDP for Zululand municipality therefore is not conceptualized and cast in isolation. Instead, it forms

part of a suite of strategic spatial planning instruments that have been in the making for almost two

decades. These strategic spatial planning instruments include the municipal Integrated Development

Plans (IDPs), Spatial Development Frameworks, Provincial Growth and Development Plans and

Strategies (PGDP/S) as well as other sector plans oriented towards transforming the apartheid space

economy.

While acknowledging the transformative effects of the aforementioned strategic spatial planning

instruments and sector-specific plans over the last two decades; the persistent marginalisation of

the rural populace has warranted the crafting of plans that focus on rural development. This DRDP

therefore forms part of the implementation of the recommendations of Chapter 6 of the NDP i.e.

fostering inclusive rural economies.

The DRDP for Zululand also responds to the Presidential call for the prioritisation of key primary

economic sectors, notably agriculture, mining, and manufacturing. Moreover, there is a realisation

of the salience of ‘sunrise’ economic sectors emerging within the rural space economy. These

include tourism, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related industries, creative arts

as well as the service industry.

At the heart of this DRDP is the prioritisation of the agricultural sector. It is envisaged that despite its

vulnerabilities, the harnessing of the agricultural sector can unlock economic development in rural

areas through; the creation of jobs, and the provision of food security. Moreover, the agricultural

sector is envisioned to allow for the participation of small and medium farmers as well as

entrepreneurs in varied agriculture-related value chains.

Realising the salience of the agricultural sector in stimulating rural economies, the Department of

Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR), the Department of Agriculture and other

departments tasked with the mandate of promoting rural development, have proposed the

establishment of Agri-Parks (APs) in all rural district municipalities across the country. These Agri-

Parks will act as critical sites for providing intellectual and technical support for farmers, with a

deliberate bias towards creating linkages between established and emerging farmers.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2

While the agricultural sector is prioritised as one of the mainstay economic sectors for district

economic transformation, the DRDP also takes into account the salience of mining, manufacturing,

ICT, tourism and the service sector in the diversification of rural economies. The persistence of high

levels of poverty and unemployment in Zululand and other similar districts requires high levels of

economic complexity. Economic complexity is defined by the level of economic diversification that in

turn has a bearing on the industrialisation of a given region. It is also linked to the capacity of a given

regional economy to provide adequate job opportunities, healthcare, as well as other services that

characterise the human development index and quality of life.

This DRDP takes into account the recently reviewed KZN Provincial Growth and Development Plan

(PGDP), the KZN Infrastructure Master Plan, as well as other municipal strategic spatial planning

instruments. The developmental objectives and vision for the plan emerged through the distillation

of the aforementioned planning instruments as well as through stakeholder engagements with

various public sector departments, the private sector, farmers’ forums, and civil society.

SECTION ONE – BACKGROUND 3

1 SECTION ONE – BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction The District Rural Development Plan (DRDP) for Zululand district seeks to contribute to the

transformation of the rural economy. In many ways, the DRDP forms part of the implementation of

the National Development Plan (NDP). For Chapter 6 of the NDP calls for a radical transformation of

rural economies. Informing this call for economic transformation is the pressing need to address the

persistent triple challenges of poverty, unemployment and socio-economic inequalities in Zululand

as well as other rural districts identified as priority intervention areas.

The DRDP forms part of a range of strategic spatial planning instruments as well as other sector

plans aimed at transforming the apartheid space economy. In achieving the goal of economic

inclusivity and transformation, the agricultural development has been identifies as one of the critical

sectors that can unlock development. The appreciation of agricultural development in Zululand and

other rural municipalities should be located within an appreciation of the country’s agrarian

transformation agenda. In other words, the development of an inclusive, and competitive

agricultural sector is informed by the appreciation of ongoing land reform processes as well as land

tenure systems that continue evolve.

While agricultural development is important, the DRDP also takes into account contributions made

by various sectors within the Zululand region. These include mining, manufacturing, cultural and

eco-tourism as well as other related Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related

sectors. Thus, the diversification of the district’s economy is intrinsically dependent on the interplay

between ‘sunset’ sectors (i.e. manufacturing and mining) as well as ‘sunrise sectors’ (particularly

tourism and ICT related industries). The DRDP therefore aims to:

improve competitiveness in the agriculture sector

improve mining, manufacturing and tourism sectors

target and invest and market non-agricultural economic activities

promote the revitalisation of rural towns and villages

promote competitive and sustainable rural businesses.

1.2 Vision for District Rural Development Plans All the strategic spatial plans as well as sector plans for Zululand DM point to the fact that

agriculture is at the heart of rural economic transformation. The Provincial Growth and

Development Plan (PGDP) for KwaZulu Natal as well as the Agriculture Policy Action Plan (APAP) for

instance attest to the fact that rural areas are faced with the triple challenges of poverty,

unemployment and lack of service delivery. To this end, while acknowledging the uniqueness of

Zululand with regard to population dynamics and economic development, it should be noted that

the aforementioned triple challenges cut across all district municipalities throughout the area of

Northern KwaZulu Natal.

So, the vision for rural development can be shared across these five districts as it is informed by

national objectives as espoused in the National Development Plan (NDP) the Comprehensive Rural

Development Programme (CRDP), the Agricultural Policy Action Plan (APAP) and other related

strategic initiatives and policies. Moreover, it also emerged from the multi-stakeholder engagements

that the Zululand DM is predominantly rural. As such, issues of infrastructure provision, service

delivery and harnessing of agricultural development, mining and tourism are a priority. While there


exist district-specific nuances with regard to the development priorities in Northern KwaZulu-Natal;

a shared vision for rural development can be formulated for all five districts (i.e. Zululand, Amajuba,

Zululand, Umkhanyakude, and Uthungulu) can be couched as follows:

“Fostering rural economic transformation through harnessing the agricultural sector and other

existing economic sectors such as mining, manufacturing and tourism, with the intention of

improving the quality of life of rural communities in the immediate, medium and long term”

In realising this vision, district municipalities in Northern KZN would have to ensure that DRDPs are

meaningfully aligned to existing district strategic spatial plans, notably the district Integrated

Development Plans (IDPs).1 In the same vein, DRDPs should be viewed as complimenting existing

district plans, at the same time anchoring rural development objectives as articulated at provincial

and national levels of governance.

1.3 Methodology This situational analysis was formulated through the distillation and synthesis of the following

sources of information:

Existing strategic spatial planning instruments and initiatives located at provincial, district and local

scales of government. These include the National Development Plan (NDP), Comprehensive

Rural Development Programme (CRDP), KZN PGDP, APAP, district and local Integrated

Development Plans (IDPs), Local Economic Development (LED) strategies, Spatial

Development Frameworks (SDFs) and other related sector plans.

Inputs and discussions from multi-stakeholder engagements. These included comments, concerns

and insights from traditional leadership, political leadership, administrative leadership and

officials from provincial and local spheres of government.

Spatial mapping of all economic, socio-spatial and environmental issues was done to underscore

this situational analysis with a sound spatial rationale.

The analysis of strategic planning documents, maps and inputs from the stakeholders for each

district were categorised and presented in a table format as strengths, opportunities, threats and

weaknesses. Emerging from this synthesis was a synoptic situational analysis. The situational analysis

will inform the strategic thrust as well as the implementation plan of the DRDPs.

1.4 DRDPS & Rural Economic Transformation From the discussions held with DRDLR as well as inputs emerging from multi-stakeholder

engagements, it became apparent that DRDPs must put emphasis on agriculture as the cornerstone

of rural economic transformation. This sentiment was also echoed by the President of the country

during his 2015 State of the Nation Address. Thus DRDPs must be characterised by the following:

Emphasis on agriculture as the most critical sector that can transform rural economies: the

presence of a vibrant and competitive agricultural sector plays an important role in generating

and/or stimulating additional economic activities such as, food processing, agro-tourism and

trade.

1 The crystallisation of Northern KZN’s rural development vision is informed by various vision statements embedded

in a range of strategic spatial plans, notably district and local IDPs, SDFs and LED strategies.


Promoting agricultural businesses: these agri-businesses contribute immensely to economic

growth and food security.

Creation of sustainable jobs: agriculture is one of the major employers in all of Northern KZN’s five

district municipalities. It is imperative therefore for the DRDPs to ensure that all agriculturally

based economic activities are optimally exploited.

Promoting sector-specific i.e. targeted funding and investment: sector specific strategies have a

propensity of yielding high returns in investment. Leveraging the potential of agriculture

therefore is likely to result in rural economic transformation.

1.5 Rural Development Priorities Rural development priorities are driven by the National Development Plan (NDP), the

Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) and Outcomes 7. Read together these

aforementioned strategic documents aim to revitalise rural economic life primarily through

agriculture by:

fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in agriculture and forestry in rural areas

enhancing competitiveness of all types of agriculture and enhancing farm viability

promoting food security and risk management in agriculture

restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems dependent on agriculture and forestry

promoting the green economy through resource efficiency and supporting the shift towards a low

carbon and climate resilient economy in agriculture, food and forestry sectors.

Rural development priorities are underscored by the realisation that in lagging regions, the

agricultural sector is complimented by other primary industries such as mining, tourism,

manufacturing and other labour intensive economic activities that can create employment for semi-

skilled and unskilled population groups. The unlocking of rural economic potential will be done

through:

fostering knowledge transfer and beneficiation in mining, manufacturing and tourism

mapping out the mining and manufacturing value chain

harnessing the capacity of the energy sector through diversification of energy resources

ensuring meaningful transformation and broad-based participation in the mining industry through

empowering emergent black businesses in this sector

ensuring that there is beneficiation within the mining and manufacturing sectors, leading to the

improved quality of life for rural communities

The unlocking and/or harnessing of economic potential of these sectors is envisioned to promote

social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas. The DRDPs for

Northern KwaZulu Natal provide a unique platform and opportunity to support the sustainable

management and optimal utilisation of natural resources; growth of rural business and;

improvement of the well-being of rural communities. The DRDPs are designed to be innovative,

adaptable and integrated with other strategic spatial plans as a means of ensuring maximum value

from investments.

The identification of agriculture business as a catalyst for revitalising rural economies does not

neglect the vulnerability of this sector to climate change, drought as well as global market forces. To

this end, DRDLR and other departments responsible for rural development have put emphasis on

non-agricultural sectors. DRDPs for Northern KZN therefore will employ a targeted approach to key

sunrise sectors, notably tourism, creative industries, Information and Communication Technology


(ICT) sector and the service sector. Such an approach will create opportunities for small businesses

to a) collaborate with established ones and b) contribute to the growth of rural economies.

Investment in education as well as entrepreneurship also forms an integral part of the Zululand

DRDP. The building of physical infrastructure such as road networks as well as the provision of

decent housing, schools, hospitals and places of entertainment and socialisation has been identifies

as by participants in DRDP formulation as pivotal in promoting rural development. So, rural

development is predicated not only on developing places, but also people.

DRDPs therefore will act as catalysts for transformational medium to long-term change, creating

resilient rural economies based on sustainable development principles, notably green growth.

1.6 Purpose of District Rural Development Plans DRDP as an Instrument for Coordinating Rural Strategic Spatial Planning

DRDPs are envisioned to act as critical levers for coordinating strategic spatial planning, specifically

in rural municipalities. From 2009 onwards, South Africa’s development planning praxis has been

steered towards harnessing rural development. This deliberate focus on rural development

stemmed from the state’s quest for transforming the apartheid space economy. While Integrated

Development Plans (IDPs) still remain the fulcrum of strategic spatial planning within the local

government sphere; DRDPs are aimed at reinforcing strategic planning. Put succinctly, DRDPs will act

as a platform for harnessing cross-sectoral development (Figure 1). Existing sector-specific planning

instruments such as Local Economic Development Plans (LED), Spatial Development Frameworks

(SDFs) and Agricultural development plans for instance, will find a more nuanced expression within

District RDPs.

DRDPs as Rural Economic Transformation Instruments

As articulated above, DRDPs are viewed as strategic instruments for transforming the apartheid

space economy. Informing this transformation of the apartheid space economy is the identification

of key levers of economic transformation; notably land reform and restitution and the identification

of transformative economic sectors. In light of this, DRDPs have identified the agricultural sector as

one of the key sectors with potential to unlock integrated and inclusive rural economic

development. To this end, the Department of Rural Development & Land Reform (DRDLR) has

identified strategic sites for Agricultural Parks (Agriparks). Moreover in the interest of promoting

economic diversity and complexity, the DRDP’s will attempt to unlock other sectors such as tourism,

mining and manufacturing in Northern KZN.


FIGURE 1: DRDPS IN CONTEXT

Source: ??

Promoting Land Use Management & Productivity

Linked to district RDPs’ objective of rural economic transformation is the promotion of optimal

utilisation of land in rural areas. This is tied to the application of sound land-use management

principles in rural areas. District RDPs therefore are envisioned to assist the state as well as other

stakeholders operating within Northern KwaZulu Natal’s development planning milieu to optimise

land productivity. The optimal utilisation of land in rural areas takes into account a suite of other

land uses i.e. economic, social, environmental as well as institutional factors.

Promoting Rural-Urban Functionality

District RDPs are meant to take into account existing as well as potential linkages and/or flows of an

economic, social, institutional, cultural and environmental nature that promote regional (i.e. urban

and rural) development. As the aforementioned factors coalesce and/or intersect, they result in the

emergence of specific rural development trajectories. Thus, DRDPs take into account existing and

potential development nodes emanating as a result of urban-rural linkages. Northern KwaZulu

Natal’s geospatial positioning for instance (i.e. its proximity to Gauteng, Mpumalanga and other

neighbouring countries), renders it one of the most important sites for regional development.

Alignment of District Rural Development Plans with Existing Planning Instruments

In identifying rural development issues at district level, there is an acknowledgement of a range of

strategic spatial plans, strategies and policy initiatives located within all three levels of government.

These include the National Development Plan (NDP), the Agricultural Policy Action Plan (APAP) as

well as district IDPs, LED strategies, SDFs and sector-specific plans. The directive from the DRDRL on

the formulation of Agriparks for all economically distressed rural regions also informs the DRDP

formulation process. The aforementioned plans and development initiatives clearly spell out the

developmental vision of the state, which then finds expression in provincial, and subsequent district

municipalities.

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1.7 Agri-Business as a Catalyst for Rural Development The Northern KwaZulu Natal DRDPs are aimed at targeting specific sectors that will revitalise rural

economies. As such, these plans are defined by sector-specific projects, thus acting as platforms for

multi-sectoral programmes and projects. Some of the key areas of intervention that the DRDPs will

focus on are the setting up of Agriparks as a means of stimulating rural economic growth.

1.8 Agripark as an Anchor for Agrarian Reform The Zululand DRDP is aimed at targeting specific sectors that will revitalise rural economies. As such,

it is defined by sector-specific projects, thus acting as a critical platform for multi-sectoral

programmes and projects. Some of the key areas of intervention that the DRDP will focus on include

the establishment of Agriparks (AP) as a means of stimulating rural economic growth.

An Agri-Park is defined as a networked innovation system of agro-production, processing, logistics,

marketing, training and extension services located at district level. As a network it enables a market-

driven combination and integration of various agricultural activities and rural transformation

services. The AP comprises of three basic units:

The Farmer Production Support Unit (FPSU) – this a rural outreach unit connected with the Agri-

hub. The FPSU does primary collection, storage, processing for the local market, and

extension services including mechanisation;

Agri-Hub Unit (AH) – this is a production, equipment hire, processing, packaging, logistics and

training unit;

The Rural Urban Market Centre Unit (RUMC) – the RUMC has three main purposes;

Linking and contracting rural, urban and international markets through contracts;

Acts as a holding-facility, releasing produce to urban markets based on seasonal trends;

Provides market intelligence and information feedback, to the AH and FPSU, using latest

Information and communication technologies.

Agriparks therefore are catalytic sites for agrarian reform. Responding to the National Development

Plan’s (NDP) call for rural economic transformation, as well as Outcome 7 its emphasis on promoting

food security through agrarian reform; Agriparks will act as agricultural industrial hubs. These hubs

will be linked to existing rural villages and towns, providing key institutional, financial and spatial

mechanisms for harnessing agro-related value chain belts and functional regions. Already, the

government has set aside over R2 billion for kick-starting the Agriparks programme across the

country. The objectives of Agri-Parks are as follows:

Promote growth of the smallholder sector by contributing to the 300 000 new small-scale

producers, as well as to the 145 000 new jobs in agro-processing by the year 2020 (as set out

in the NGP);

Promote the skills of and support to small-holder farmers through the provision of capacity

building, mentorship, farm infrastructure, extension services, production inputs and

mechanization inputs;

Enable producer ownership of the majority of Agri-Parks equity (70%), with the state and

commercial interests holding minority shares (30%);

Bring under-utilized land (especially in Communal Areas Land and land reform farms) into full

production over the next three years, and expand irrigated agriculture; and

Contribute to achievement of the NDP’s objective of fostering an inclusive rural economy and

target of 1 million jobs created in agriculture sector through creating higher demand for raw


agricultural produce, primary and ancillary inputs, as well as generating increased

downstream economic activities in the sector.

In Zululand, Vryheid has been identified as an Agri-Hub site. This hub will be supported by the FPSUs

located in Nongoma, uLundi and other parts of the district. Within these Agriparks the following

activities will take place:

Knowledge Transfer & Innovation – this will include development and training of farmers as well

as people involved in agri-business, food and forestry sectors as well as agro-tourism. There

will also be vertical and horizontal learning between emerging and established agri-business

entrepreneurs. Agriparks will act as hubs for harnessing competitiveness, resource efficiency,

and environmental consciousness of agricultural research centres and firms.

Advisory Services – Agriparks will be centres of excellence where experts disseminate

information related to markets, investments, funding and other agriculture-oriented modalities.

Cooperation – there will be incubation of small-scale farmers as well as cooperatives within

Northern KwaZulu Natal’s districts. This will allow for small-scale agri-business operators to

forge a critical mass that would enable them to compete in both local and global markets.

Investment in Physical Assets – the introduction of Agriparks in Northern KZN’s five districts will

be accompanied by massive investments in physical infrastructure i.e. road, pack-houses, and

other related supporting amenities. Tied to that is the provision of basic services such as

water and electricity.

Agri-Business Development – Agriparks will act as critical hubs for the identification and

harnessing of agricultural belts as well as agricultural value-chains. The spin-offs from agri-

business development will transform rural towns and villages into vibrant economies.

1.9 A Functional Regional Approach to Rural Planning The rural development plan for Zululand district municipality is informed by a functional regional

approach. The salience of this approach to rural development rests in its emphasis on the nodal-

hinterland economic and socio-spatial linkages. In other words, the economic development of

Zululand’s villages and rural townships is intrinsically dependent on these places’ linkages with

established nodes, Vryheid. A functional region therefore would typically have established nodes as

well as areas in need of various forms of intervention from a development perspective.

Functional regions are defined as ‘a spatial economic system, which consists of a number of

economically interdependent nodes (centres) of varying sizes and with varying geographical

extensions’.2 From a regional economic development perspective, rural districts such as Zululand

can be identified as salient platforms for the harnessing of inclusive and sustainable economic

development. What renders districts their functionality is the existence and interplay of a range of

economic, demographic, infrastructural, cultural and technological flows and linkages. While

administrative boundaries are important, the flow of goods, services, capital and people is not

confined within these boundaries.

The market potential of a functional region is defined by its economic complexity i.e. the internal

and external concentration of a range of economic activities within a functional space. The

harnessing of the competitiveness of functional regions is dependent on the optimal utilisation of

2 Karlsson, C. and Olsson, M. (2015) Functional Economic Regions, Accessibility and Regional Development . Centre of

Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.


both internal and external market potential. In instances where niche commodities, and/ skills exist

within a functional region, value-chain potential ought to be fully nurtured.

It must be noted that different areas within functional regions have different specialisations. In any

given functional region, there exist areas with a) knowledge-intensive business services, b) land-

intensive as well as c) transport-accessibility-dependent economic activities. Thus, while the

centre/surrounding areas relations are important within functional regions, there has been a

growing observation in regional economics and rural development discourse that functional regions

are dependent on the existence of a range of centres or regions with varying specialisations. Thus,

there exist a range of regions namely: diverse/composite service regions; specialised service regions;

agricultural regions; manufacturing regions and; consumption regions3 .

Labour market characteristics and behaviour within a given functional region are also worth noting.

This is intrinsically tied to the population size, density and levels of literacy. Moreover, the

commuting patterns of labour from home to work have a direct effect on the economic productivity

as well as the quality of life of the labour-force. Thus, functional regions are interconnected, as they

defy administrative boundaries. These regions act as critical units for spatial economics analyses. As

district rural development plans attempt to transform rural economies, a functional regional

approach is likely to provide a more nuanced understanding of rural development.

3 Ibid.


MAP 1: PSEDS NODES & LINKAGES IN NORTHERN KZN DISTRICTS

SECTION TWO – STUDY AREA 12

In identifying and mapping functional regions for Zululand, various variables and datasets were used. These include;

Strategically Located Land Index (SLLi). The SLLi takes into account the following variables notably: proximity to physical infrastructure; proximity to major

towns/gateways and markets; average rainfall; slope elevation and temperature and; soil types. SLLi allows for the identification of strategically

located land for various economic activities and land uses.

The Gross Value Add (GVA) – this data depicts average GVA contribution to district economy per sector (inter alia agriculture, mining, manufacturing,

wholesale & retail, transport, community services and government services, and finance, and insurance services).

Accessibility – this depicts the availability of transport networks and total travel time between points. The existence of a developed and integrated

transport network makes it possible for both intra-regional and inter-regional flow of goods, services and people to occur.

Population count per district municipality (decline and growth) – This value is indicative of urbanisation and depopulation trends in Zululand district. As

rural development is about improving people’s lives, the analysis of population trends allows for a more people-centric approach to municipal

planning.

2 SECTION TWO – STUDY AREA The Zululand District Municipality (ZDM) is one of ten district municipalities and one metropolitan municipality (eThekwini) within KwaZulu-Natal. The

Municipality is located on the northern regions of the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The district is bordered by Mpumalanga and Swaziland to the north,

Amajuba and Zululand to the west, Umkhanyakude to the east, and UThungulu to the south. The Zululand District Municipality comprises the following five

local municipalities4:

eDumbe;

uPhongolo;

Abaqulusi;

Nongoma and;

Ulundi.

4 Adapted from Zululand District Municipality Integrated Development Plan (IDP) Review 2014/15

SECTION TWO – STUDY AREA 13

MAP 2: STUDY AREA

SECTION THREE – POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT 14

The Zululand District municipality covers an area of approximately 14 810 km². Almost half of this

area is under the jurisdiction of traditional authorities (a large percentage of the district is communal

land) while the remainder is divided between commercially owned farms and conservation.

This area is divided among the five local municipalities with Abaqulusi occupying the largest area of

approximately 4 185km2, followed by uPhongolo covering approximately 3 239km2, Ulundi with 3

250km2, Nongoma occupying approximately 2 182km2 and eDumbe covering an area of

approximately 1 954km2.

Zululand remains one of the poorest districts in South Africa, in part due to its history as a

marginalized homeland area. According to the 2011 census data, the population of the Zululand

Municipality numbered about 803 575 people living in isolated rural settlements and six urban areas.

This same Census shows that Ulundi is the most populous local municipality in the region with an

estimated 212 706 people (26.47%), followed by Nongoma with 198 241 people (24.67%), Abaqulusi

with a population of approximately 190 849 (23.75%) and uPhongolo with an estimated 119 652

people (14.89%) and eDumbe with a population of approximately 82 125 people (10.22%). However,

Quantec 2013 data shows that the population of the district municipality increased slightly to 815

962 (1.55%), with Abaqulusi now contributing more than Ulundi to the population, at 26% compared

to the 23% for Ulundi.

Due to its location in relation to transport routes and its distance from major centres, the Zululand

District is relatively isolated from the national economy, with high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, high

levels of unemployment, and extreme poverty5. However, the high agricultural potential of the land

within the Zululand District Municipality is considered to be key to the future development of the

region and should be protected for long-term sustainability.

3 SECTION THREE – POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT There are national, provincial and municipal policy frameworks in place that will influence and guide

rural development planning for the Zululand District municipality. The national policy framework

includes principles that underpin the rural development agenda, whilst the provincial policy

framework translates this into an agenda for KwaZulu-Natal.

Zululand District Municipality aligns with these policies at the municipal level and requires a District

Rural Development Plan to further enable it to contribute to the achievement of targets and

objectives outlined for the country and province, and to deal directly with economic development

and job creation in the district.

3.1 National Policies and Strategies A review of the relevant national policies is outlined in the following sections, with a focus on those

that have implications for rural development at the district level. The following documents are

considered:

National Development Plan ‘vision 2030’ (NDP)

The New Growth Path (NGP)

5 Zululand District Municipality Growth and Development Plan Final Composite Report


Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF)

Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP)

Agricultural Policy Action Plan (APAP)

3.1.1 National Development Plan 2030 (NDP) The National Planning Commission was appointed in May 2010 by President Jacob Zuma to draft a

vision and national development plan. The National Development plan is a framework that aims to

eliminate poverty and reduce inequality by 20306. The plan outlines the challenges faced by South

Africa in achieving this vision and sets out a holistic approach for its fulfilment.

This approach is based on six interlinked priorities, namely:

Uniting South Africans around a common programme

Citizens active in their own development

Faster and more inclusive economic growth

Building capabilities

A capable and developmental state

Leadership and responsibility throughout society

The third priority – faster and more inclusive economic growth – is supported by plans to create an

inclusive and integrated rural community. It is based on the premise that South Africa’s rural

communities should have the opportunity to participate in the economic, social and political life of

the country, with successful land reform, job creation and rising agricultural production contributing

to the development of an inclusive rural economy.

With the overall objective being to create an additional 643 000 direct jobs and 326 000 indirect jobs

in the agriculture, agro processing and related sectors by 2030 thereby placing agriculture as a

driving force behind this priority7.

South Africa’s rural areas experience high levels of poverty and joblessness, with limited

employment in agriculture. To address this, the NDP proposes a multifaceted approach:

Creating more jobs through agricultural development, based on effective land reform and the

growth of irrigated agriculture and land production.

Providing basic services that enable people to develop capabilities to take advantage of

opportunities around the country, enabling them to contribute to their communities through

remittances and skills transfer.

Developing industries such as agro processing, tourism, fisheries and small enterprises where

potential exists.

The Zululand District Rural Development Plan will align the Zululand District Municipality to the

National Development Plan and, by boosting investment in agriculture, play a key role in promoting

this approach.

6 National Development Plan 2030

7 National Development Plan 2030


3.1.2 New Growth Path (NGP) The New Growth Path framework although preceding the NDP, is twinned in its priorities for

generating economic growth, alleviating poverty and inequality and promoting job creation. Its

overarching objective is to create 5 million new jobs between 2010 and 2020.8

According to the framework, achievement of this objective can be reached if there is a consistent

focus on areas that have the potential for creating employment on a large scale. These areas are

known as job drivers and include:

Substantial public investment in infrastructure both to create employment directly, in construction,

operation and maintenance as well as the production of inputs, and indirectly by improving

efficiency across the economy.

Targeting more labour-absorbing activities across the main economic sectors – the agricultural

and mining value chains, manufacturing and services.

Taking advantage of new opportunities in the knowledge and green economies.

Leveraging social capital in the social economy and the public services.

Fostering rural development and regional integration.

In their application, these drivers must leverage and reinforce each other based on their inter-

linkages.

The second job driver, which includes the agricultural value chain, is seen as a key priority for job

creation in rural areas with opportunities for employment creation through smallholder schemes

and the processing and sale of agricultural products.5 The Zululand District Rural Development Plan,

by focusing on inclusive agricultural projects that are spatially diverse will align itself closely with the

New Growth Path.

3.1.3 Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF) – 2014 to 2019 The Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF) is Government’s strategic plan for the 2014-2019

electoral term. It reflects the commitments made in the election manifesto of the governing party,

including the commitment to implement the NDP. The MTSF sets out the actions Government will

take and targets that need to be achieved. It also provides a framework for the other plans of

national, provincial and local government9.

The MTSF is structured around 14 priority outcomes that cover the focus areas identified in the NDP.

These are made up of the 12 outcomes that were the focus of the 2009-2014 administration, as well

as two new outcomes (social protection, nation-building and social cohesion). The outcomes are as

follows:

Quality basic education;

A long and healthy life for all South Africans;

All people in South Africa are and feel safe;

Decent employment through inclusive growth;

A skilled and capable workforce to support an inclusive growth path;

An efficient, competitive and responsive economic infrastructure network;

8 New Growth Path: Framework

9 Medium Term Strategic Framework 2014-2019


Vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing towards food security for all;

Sustainable human settlements and improved quality of household life;

Responsive, accountable, effective and efficient local government;

Protect and enhance our environmental assets and natural resources;

Create a better South Africa and contribute to a better Africa and a better world

An efficient, effective and development-oriented public service;

A comprehensive, responsive and sustainable social protection system;

A diverse, socially cohesive society with a common national identity.

In its focus on these priorities, and their elaboration into fourteen key outcomes and associated

activities and targets, the MTSF has two over-arching strategic themes – radical economic

transformation and improving service delivery.

The outcomes of the MTSF are directly translated into the KwaZulu-Natal provincial and

development strategy (PGDS).

3.1.4 Comprehensive Rural Development Programme Framework (CRDP) – 2009 The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme Framework (CRDP) forms part of

government’s Medium Term Strategic Framework and is aimed at being an effective response

against poverty and food insecurity that will maximise the use and management of natural

resources to create vibrant, equitable and sustainable rural communities10.This comprises

three distinct components, namely:

Coordinated and integrated broad-based agrarian transformation;

Strategically increasing rural development;

An improved land reform programme.

Agrarian transformation is characterised as rapid fundamental change in the relationship between

land, livestock, cropping and community. It focuses on, amongst others, initiatives that support the

establishment of rural business initiatives, agro-industries, co-operatives and the empowerment of

rural people and communities.

Rural development is about enabling rural people to take control of their destiny, thereby dealing

effectively with rural poverty through the optimal use and management of natural resources. Land

reform is a national priority and is further entrenched in Section 25 (4) of the Constitution of the

Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act No.108 of 1996).

The Zululand District Rural Development Plan will provide a detailed program for the

implementation of agrarian transformation in the district which will be aimed at stimulating

agricultural production and bringing about improvements in all institutions concerned with rural

development.

3.1.5 Agricultural Policy Action Plan (APAP) APAP is a programmatic response to key policy documents including the NGP, the NDP and the MTSF

in respect of the following outcomes11.

10

The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme Framework - July 2009

11 Agricultural Policy Action Plan 2015 - 2019


Outcome 4 – Decent employment through inclusive growth;

Outcome 7 – Vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing towards food security

for all;

Outcome 10 – Protect and enhance our environmental assets and natural resources.

This policy provides a long-term vision and focused interventions in a 5-year rolling schedule, to be

updated annually. The key outputs from APAP are well documented and have been broadly

incorporated into the various provincial and district plans that are in place.

3.2 Provincial Policies and Strategies A review of the relevant provincial policies is outlined in the following sections, with a focus on those

that have implications for rural development at the district level. The following documents are

considered:

KZN Provincial Growth and Development Strategy, 2011 (PGDS)

KZN Provincial Growth and Development Plan 2030 (PGDP)

KZN Provincial Spatial Development Framework (SDF)

3.2.1 KZN Provincial Growth and Development Strategy 2011 (PGDS) The KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Growth and Development Strategy provides a strategic framework for

accelerating and sharing economic growth through developmental interventions. It lays the

foundation for attracting and instilling confidence from potential investors in the Province and seeks

to provide the guidelines for developing social contracts that address the challenges faced by the

Province12.

The backdrop to the KwaZulu-Natal PGDS can be found in the MTSF’s fourteen outcomes, the NGP

and the NDP. There are great similarities between the issues identified in these policies at the

national level and those identified at the provincial level i.e. increasing unemployment, poverty and

inequality. The province has therefore built on these policies to develop its own growth and

development trajectory. The purpose of the PGDS is therefore fourfold:

Be the primary growth and development strategy for KwaZulu-Natal to 2030

Mobilise and synchronise strategic plans and investment priorities in all spheres of government,

state owned entities, business, higher education institutions, labour, civil society and all other

social partners in order to achieve the desired growth and development goals, objectives and

outcomes

Spatially contextulise and prioritise interventions so as to achieve greater spatial equity

Develop clearly defined institutional arrangements that ensure decisive leadership, robust

management, thorough implementation and ongoing review of the growth and development

plan

The KwaZulu-Natal PGDS sets out seven strategic goals, with related strategic objectives for the

province, namely:

Goal one Job Creation: aligned to outcome 4 of the MTSF and aimed at unleashing agricultural

potential in the region by increasing employment in the agricultural sector and increasing the

amount of land under active agricultural production.

12

KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Growth and Development Strategy August 2011


Goal two Human resource development: aligned to outcome 1 of the MTSF

Goal three Human and community development: This incorporates food security objectives

Goal four Strategic infrastructure: aligned to outcome 6 of the MTSF

Goal five Response to climate change: aligned to outcome 10 of the MTSF and aimed at

increasing land productivity in the region through accelerated rural development and agrarian

reform

Goal six Governance and policy: aligned to outcome 9 of the MTSF

Goal seven Spatial equity: incorporating integrated land management and spatial planning

initiatives

Whilst the Provincial Government of KZN is leading the process of implanting these goals and

objectives, its success depends on strong compacts with labour, civil society and business. Thus it is

critical that all stakeholders be synchronised in the pursuit of shifting KZN’s growth path towards

shared growth and integrated sustainable development13.

Agriculture has been established as a priority sector in the province as a driver for economic growth,

and in support of key outcomes of the NDP:

Outcome 4: Decent employment through inclusive economic growth;

Outcome 7: Vibrant, equitable and sustainable rural communities with food security for all;

Outcome 10: Environmental assets and natural resources that are well protected and continually

enhanced

The ability of agriculture to contribute to job creation makes it a key focus of the New Growth Path,

and core to the KZN PGDS.

3.2.2 KZN Provincial Growth and Development Plan (PGDP) 2011-2030 The KwaZulu-Natal PGDP is the implementation framework that encompasses the monitoring,

evaluation, reporting and reviewing components, brings together the proposed key indicators,

targets and interventions needed to achieve the vision, high level goals and strategic objectives

identified in the 2011 PGDS. It also sets out the targets to be achieved by 2015, 2020, 2025 and

203010.

In August 2012 the PGDP was adopted by Provincial Cabinet with the recommendation that

departmental work plans be aligned with the PGDP. This marked the deepening of the province’s

commitment to integrate planning and resource utilisation across government departments and

state-owned entities14.

The primary purpose of the PGDP is therefore to:

Describe the desired 2030 outcomes for the seven goals outlined in the PGDS;

Agree on the set of indicators that will be applied to measure the progress KZN is making to

achieve the desired outcomes;

Agree on the targets and the KZN growth path in respect of each of the indicators;

Agree on the strategic interventions required to achieve the set targets;

13

KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Growth and Development Strategy August 2011

14 KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Growth and Development Plan 2011-2030


Describe the catalytic projects in support of the interventions, where possible; and

Agree on the monitoring, evaluation, reporting and review framework of the plan.

The KwaZulu-Natal PGDP puts forward proposed interventions in support of the seven strategic

goals and related strategic objectives for the province, selected interventions that can be leveraged

by the Zululand District Municipality include:

Goal one Job Creation: proposed interventions include support for and development of

commercial farmers; enhancement of agriculture value adding and marketing; expansion of

irrigation schemes and improved water use efficiency and the protection, rehabilitation and

improved productivity of agricultural resources.

Goal five, response to climate change: proposed interventions include promoting sustainable land

use practices to preserve and enhance agricultural potential.

Goal seven, spatial equity: proposed interventions include the implementation of land use

management schemes across the entire provincial landscape.

In order to ensure that the Zululand District Municipality achieves the intended growth and

development envisaged within the KZN Development Plans, the policies and legislatives mentioned

above should serve as tools for the coordination of interventions. They will ensure that the synergies

that exist between various government departments as well as the private sectors are exploited to

their full potential in order to ensure that the investments of government have the maximum impact

possible.

3.2.3 KZN Provincial Spatial Development Framework (SDF) 2011 The KwaZulu-Natal PGDS recognised that environmental vulnerability, social need and economic

development are not evenly distributed and spatial disparities will always exist due to the spatial

distribution of natural resources, historical influences and cultural factors15.

Past spatial planning has often aggravated these spatial disparities. This has resulted in a disjuncture

between where people live and where social and economic opportunities are concentrated. This

spatial marginalization from economic opportunities of the majority of the population needs to be

addressed in order to reduce poverty and inequality and ensure shared growth and the protection of

vulnerable bio-resources.

The KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Spatial Development Framework (SDF) has been developed in order to

achieve the goals and objectives of the PGDS in a targeted and spatial co-ordinated manner. The

Provincial Spatial Development Framework sets out to:

Be the spatial expression of the Provincial Growth and Development Strategy (PGDS) and provide spatial context for proposed strategic interventions;

Provide a set of normative principles or departure points that guide the Province’s approach to dealing with socio-economic issues that are manifested spatially;

Provide a basis for informed consensus on the province’s spatial priorities by providing a map giving guidance for the future spatial development of the Province based on Broad Provincial Spatial Planning Categories (BPSPCs) and a series of other relevant features;

Assist to prioritise and align where government directs its investment and development initiatives to ensure sustainable and maximum impact;

15

KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Spatial Development Framework 2011


Capitalise on complementarities and facilitate consistent and focused decision making, Guide municipal integrated development plans (IDPs), spatial development frameworks

(SDFs) and provincial and municipal framework plans (i.e. sub-SDF spatial plans); with normative principles, approach and content.

Provide clear intent to the private sector about desired development directions; Increase predictability in the development environment.

The KZN SDF identifies several areas of economic potential within the province including agriculture

and Agri-processing. This is seen as key to addressing poverty in the province since most areas of

poverty are rural. The focus on agricultural development initiatives in the KZN SDF will be supported

by the Zululand District Rural Development Plan.

The KZN SDF further prioritised areas where the highest social impact will be reached if investment

takes place in these areas first. The SDF went further by broadly proposing what type of

interventions will be suitable, and will be supported by the provincial government.

The sections below outline the process of identifying these priority investment areas, the proposed

initiatives, and selected projects.

3.2.3.1 Priority Intervention Areas

The KZN SDF identified priority intervention areas based on a combined data set cross referencing

social needs and economic potential. As much as the end goal is to facilitate economic growth in all

areas of the district, it needs to be done strategically due to the lack of resources to develop the area

as a whole. Subsequently it was necessary to identify the areas where the highest “Rate of Return”

on the combined investment in social and economic aspects will be obtained.

Although all data sets utilised to identify these areas are combined from various sources, the main

categories included the following:

Areas with high Social Needs

Areas with Low Accessibility

Areas with high economic potential

Areas with low environmental potential

The image below depicts how the priority intervention areas were identified, where the above

criteria intersected each other.

FIGURE 2: KZN SDF – IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY AREAS


Source: KwaZulu-Natal Spatial Development Framework 2011

These intervention areas were classified into 5 categories, based on a variable weighted points

system. The lowest and highest weighted scores per category is zero (0) and four (4), and with four

overall categories the highest weighted score that could be obtained was 16. With the previous in

mind, the Intervention areas were categorised as follows:

Key Intervention Area Level 1 (Scoring between 13 and 16 variable weighed points)





The SDF states that the classification criteria used defines in some instances the core urban areas as

the highest priority areas. The SDF further indicates that it is not the intention that only these core

areas benefit form strategic interventions, but in those cases will have the highest rate of return on

social and economic investments. This is also where the highest levels of population densities are

normally situated. As a minimum, Level 1 and Level 2 areas are identified as areas where urgent

short term concentration and co-ordination of public interventions are required, with other

intervention areas systematically being attended to.

With a number of provincial departments using the above as basis for investment prioritisation, the

purpose of the District Rural Development Plan (and subsequently the DRDLR), is to focus on the

more rural components, and ensure social and economic linkages with the core urban areas as a

strategy to develop the rural areas.

The priority 1 & 2 areas identified in the Zululand DM include the following areas:


TABLE 1: KZN SDF – ZULULAND DM PRIORITY INTERVENTION AREAS

Priority Area Abaqulusi LM eDumbe LM

Priority 1 Large areas situated in a parallel strip from Vryheid to the eastern boundary

Access is mainly via the P46-1 & P46-2 towards uPhongolo, and when moving in a southern direction towards Ulundi, the P309-2 and P274 provides access to these areas.

Main grouping situated on eastern region of LM from Bilanyoni towards the eastern boundary, accessed via the P271, P229 and other district and local roads.These includes the more rural and traditionally inhabited areas.

Small area situated directly north of Paulpietersburg.

Larger area situarted south of Paulpietersburg along the P344.

Scattered areas on the top western boundary with Amajuba DM / eMadlangeni LM.

Priority 2 Main regions are situated in the south-western and south-eastern regions, around eMondlo (West) and the area between Mphembeni & Ngome (East).

Scattered throughout the municipal area.

Priority Area Nongoma LM Ulundi LM

Priority 1 Almost the complete eastern region of the municipality from Nongoma to the boundary with uMkhanyakude DM

Relatively large area on the Ulundi Boundary between P52-2 and P736.

Large areas situated along the largest parts of the Municipal Boundary.

Priority 2 Almost the complete western region of the municipality from Nongoma to the boundary with Ulundi LM.

Mainly situated in a parallel strip from the western to the eastern boundary of the municipality with Ulundi situated in the centre. These are the higher accessible areas connected to the Main Road (R66) via the P702, P244-1, P734, P47-3.

Priority Area uPhongolo LM

Priority 1 Large areas around Pongola Town, stretching towards the eastern Boundary with Mpumalanga Province. These areas are generally land registered in the name of the ITB.

Priority 2 Large area situated to the west of Magud.

Large area situated on southern boundary of LM with Nongoma.

Areas o n the western boundary intertwined with Priority 1 areas.

Source: Ditau Geo-Informatics Solutions / KZN SDF


MAP 3: KZN SDF – ZULULAND DM PRIORITY INTERVENTION AREAS


3.2.3.2 Spatial Development Opportunities

Following from the identification of the Priority intervention areas, the KWaZulu-Natal Spatial

Development Framework further highlighted the type of interventions that will be supported by the

province, and which can feasibly be implemented, based on existing activities within the areas.

The table below provides an interpretation for the KZN SDF Extract of Zululand DM.

TABLE 2: KZN SDF - INTERPRETATION OF SPATIAL CATEGORIES

Category Broad Intended Land Use and Interventions


Co

nse

rvat

ion

Co

rrid

ors

Proposed regional critical conservation areas which are linked in a continuous system of ecosystems and bioregions traversing the province between the Drakensberg and the Indian Ocean. These areas were identified combining existing environmentally protected areas as well as conservation corridors proposed by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, through combining extensive environmental research into bio-resources throughout the province as part of the formulation of a Critical Biodiversity Plan for the province. These Conservation Corridors are not suggested as absolute “no-go” areas, but rather highlighted as areas of environmental significance to the sustainable development of the entire province. Where economic opportunity (such as tourism development) and high social need exist within these Conservation Corridors, it implies both that the rich natural environment should contribute to the address such needs and potential, and further that any interventions in these areas need to consider the impact on such important regional ecological corridors. These corridors are however perceived as areas where extensive densification would be discouraged and sensitive development promoted.

Bio

div

ers

ity

Pri

ori

ty

Are

as

Areas with a significantly high biodiversity value expressed in the number of species and sensitive environments as identified through extensive research by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife. These areas are most often located in close proximity to the identified Conservation Corridors and may serve as an additional buffer to these corridors. These areas too are not (at a provincial level) proposed as absolute “no-go” areas, but are identified to indicate areas where extensive densification would be discouraged and sensitive development promoted.

Are

as o

f Ec

on

om

ic

Val

ue

Ad

din

g

The key economic centres and areas where all of the variety of economic sectors (Agriculture, Tourism, Manufacturing, Services) are prevalent and perceived to have good potential to be further expanded on. These areas are visibly linked to high accessibility areas with existing bulk infrastructure and relatively high population densities which would both contribute to the economic expansion and benefit from interventions in these areas. Due to these factors, further economic processing and value adding at a provincial level, are mainly proposed within these identified areas.

Are

as o

f Ec

on

om

ic

Sup

po

rt

A number of regions resembled areas of good economic potential in more than just one of the key provincial economic sectors. Due to the fact that these areas represent a larger distribution across the entire province than the core areas of economic value adding, these zones are considered important areas of Economic Support. Typical interventions in these areas would include economic prioritisation of development, labour force interventions (e.g. skills development), key economic infrastructure investment and area promotion.

Agr

icu

ltu

ral

De

velo

pm

en

t

Relatively high agricultural production areas, which are not located within biodiversity areas of combined with other potential economic sectors are highlighted by this category to identify and promote areas with the potential to make a significant contribution through agricultural production. Although successful farming practices are already occurring on some of these areas, it is proposed that underutilised agricultural land within these zones are more effectively utilised for sustainable agricultural production. Associated interventions may include agriculture specific infrastructure, skills development, market access interventions etc.

Are

as o

f H

igh

So

cial

Nee

d

The highest ranges of combined social need when considering the population density, dependency ratio as the provincial index of multiple deprivations is illustrated by this category of high social need. These are broadly the areas where the most intensive social interventions area required and this category is further overlaid above all other categories to provide a spatial reference to the types of interventions which might be pursued towards addressing the concentrated social need within these areas. As example where high social need is identified within an area earmarked as a


conservation corridor, this firstly provides a reference to the fact that social conditions of communities will need to be addressed if any conservation is to be promoted within such areas. Further it suggests that the effective utilisation of the high biodiversity within such areas might be harnessed towards addressing social need through example conservation tourism.

Man

dat

ed

Ser

vice

De

liver

y

Are

as

The areas which are not representative of any of the above mentioned categories are classified as undifferentiated areas. It is acknowledged that these areas also have communities residing on them with economic potential and environmental resources, however, based on the approach followed these areas weren’t differentiated to the same degree as the identified preceding categories. It is therefore important that this category is not neglected from public and private interventions and as the various departmental programmes are inclusive in nature, these areas should also benefit from it. It is anticipated that the intensity of such programmes and the total portion of resource allocation to these areas would be less than the identified categories as well as the key intervention areas identified previously.

Source: KwaZulu-Natal SDF 2011.

The map below depicts the highest social needs in relation to economic potential / Interventions for

the District.

MAP 4: KZN SDF – KZN SDF: ZULULAND DM EXTRACT



3.2.3.3 Major Projects Identified in KZN SDF

In promoting growth and development within the District the following provincial catalytic projects

are envisaged by the KZN SDF:

P700 Road Linkage

Airport Development (Ulundi)

Nature Based Tourism (P700)

Eco, Battlefields & Cultural Heritage Tourism

Routes

Agro-Processing incorporating Bio-Fuels

Industrial Regeneration

Small Town Regeneration

Regional Airports

Rural Service Centres

ECD Centre Development (600 - 50/DC &

100 Metro)

Centres for the Disabled

Centres for Senior Citizens

Substance abuse Rehabilitation Centres

Cultural Vilages (4)

School Greening (50/DM)

Rural Waste Mmanagement Units (4)


3.3 District Municipality Policies and Strategies A review of the relevant district municipality policies are outlined in the following sections, with a

focus on those that have implications for rural development at the district and local level. The

following documents are considered:

Zululand District Municipality Growth and Development Plan ‘Vision 2030’

Zululand District Municipality Integrated Development Plan (IDP)

Zululand District Municipality Spatial Development Framework (SDF)

Zululand District Municipality Local Economic Development Strategy (LED)

Zululand District Municipality Growth and Development Plan ‘Vision 2030’, 2014/15

The Zululand DGDP encapsulates the long-term vision of the Zululand District as follows:

‘We are the Zululand region and proud of our heritage. We are mindful of the needs of the poor and

we seek to reflect the aspirations of our communities. We are committed to responsible and

accountable actions, tolerance and concern for racial harmony, the protection of our environment,

and the strengthening of the role of women and youth. We will strive to improve the quality of life in

Zululand by providing sustainable infrastructure, promoting economic development and building

capacity within our communities’16.

It is aimed at ensuring that national, provincial and local initiatives and programmes are integrated

and sustainable in order to maximize the growth and employment impact of economic and social

development policies and programmes. The DGDP focuses on a limited number of strategic, high

impact, fast track interventions that can act as catalysts for accelerated and shared growth in the

municipality. The strategic goals of the Zululand DGDP are17.

Job Creation: seen as a primary means through which economic growth and transformation can

occur, by distributing the benefits of growth more widely and consequently reducing

dependency on the welfare system.

*Included in this goal is the objective of unleashing agriculture which is seen as key to growing

and generating employment.

Human Resource Development: ensuring the human resource capacity in the district is responsive

to growth and development needs.

Human and Community Development: reducing poverty and inequality in Zululand.

Strategic Infrastructure: Providing for the social and economic growth and development needs of

Zululand.

Environmental Sustainability: reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and creating social-

ecological capacity to adapt to climate change.

*Included in this goal is the objective of increasing the productive use of land

Governance and Policy: Ensuring the people of Zululand are satisfied with the levels of

government service delivery.

Spatial Equity: Increased spatial access to goods and services.

From the stated strategic objectives of the Zululand DGDP, it is clear that the development of

agriculture in the region is at the heart of economic and social development for the district. The

16

Zululand District Growth and Development Plan Composite Report

17 Ibid


main objective of the Zululand District Integrated Development Plan is to create an affluent district

through the optimal delivery of essential services; supporting sustainable local economic

development; and enabling community participation in service delivery. The strategic focus areas

that support this are18:

To facilitate the delivery of sustainable infrastructure and services

To promote economic development

To promote social development

The Zululand District Municipality is faced with a number of challenges that need to be addressed in

order to create a conducive environment for socio – economic and infrastructure development.

These challenges include, but are not limited to the ability to harness agri-processing opportunities

in the district, notably venison production, leather processing and traditional medicines; foster

timber production opportunities; high levels of unemployment in the region, infrastructure backlogs,

education and skills levels, income and affordability, poverty and Inequality.

In order to address the above mentioned challenges and promote economic development and

growth in the district, the Zululand District IDP puts in place a long term development strategy with

a focus on key areas including:

Focus on economic, agriculture and tourism: improve the economy of the district through the

creation of job opportunities and additional economic activities.

Community upliftment: The social upliftment of the communities in the ZDM

The Zululand District IDP therefore acts as a broad business plan for the district, and as such puts in

place projects linked to budgets that will support the development strategies it outlines. The spatial

vision of the Zululand District Municipality is ‘to develop a spatial structure which promotes the

sustainable utilisation of the districts infrastructure, social and economic resources with the aim of

equitable service delivery within the urban as well as rural areas’19

The current reality poses a challenge to this vision as the Zululand District Municipality is

predominantly a rural district, and is relatively remote from the province’s major development

centres (Durban, Richards Bay/Empangeni and Pietermaritzburg) and the main growth corridors

(along the N3 and N2 routes). It does have a secondary corridor of national significance – the

coalline corridor, which runs from Richards Bay, through Ulundi, Abaqulusi and eDumbe and on to

the mining areas of Mpumalanga, is an important route in the national rail and road network.

It is against this backdrop that the Zululand District Municipality SDF proposes interventions in the

district such as the development of ‘corridors’ to connect the municipalities within the district and

promote economic development, and the creation of ‘Nodes’ (centres which provide services to the

sub-regional economy). It further outlines key land development objectives for the region. These are

aligned to the national and provincial spatial development objectives and include:

Promotion of agricultural development and use of prime agricultural land

18

Zululand District Municipality Integrated Development Plan Review 2014/15

19 Zululand District Municipality Spatial Development framework


Capitalise on the presence of the Swaziland sugar cane farmers by facilitating relations between

Swaziland and the TSB sugar mill

Development of additional water storage (dams)

The Zululand spatial context must carefully be taken into consideration in the rural development

plan, as this setting will directly impact the success of the plans therein.

The overarching objectives of Zululand District Municipality LED are as follows20:

To reduce income leakage: actions include buy local campaigns and encouraging local

manufacturers

To increase investment: Investment in tourism, agriculture and business is to be promoted

To promote local business development and business interaction: Interaction between businesses

will contribute to countering income leakage and establishing a new vibrancy in the district

economy.

To increase entrepreneurial opportunities and employment: establishment of appropriate support

mechanisms for businesses

The district municipality has created strategies that represent the key plan of action that will deliver

on these objectives. These include overall district strategies, business strategies, agricultural

strategies and tourism strategies. The key agricultural strategies include:

Institutional structuring for agricultural delivery

Sustainable land reform

Improved market access for agricultural produce

Visible delivery in agricultural sector

Municipal agricultural strategies (taking into account the local municipality environments)

To complement the agricultural strategies, there are business strategies that aim to establish agri-

industries relating to current and planned produce in the district. All of these strategies require

specific projects to bring them into fruition; the Zululand District Municipality Rural Development

Plan will focus on this.

3.4 Local Municipality Policies and Strategies eDumbe Local Municipality IDP

uPhongolo Local Municipality IDP

Abaqulusi Local Municipality IDP

Nongoma Local Municipality IDP

Ulundi Local Municipality IDP

3.4.1 Abaqulusi Local Municipality IDP 2013/14 The Abaqulusi local Municipality is comprised of many settlements, both rural and urban, with

Vryheid being its main urban settlement/town. It is one of the largest local municipalities in the KZN

Province and constitutes approximately 30% of the Zululand District Municipality. The municipality is

20

Zululand District Municipality Local Economic Development strategy report2003


classified as having medium to low agricultural potential, with the local municipality consisting

largely of commercial farms.21

The Abaqulusi Local Municipality IDP indicates the key challenges that the municipality is currently

facing. These challenges include a apartheid spatial planning footprints, declining economic sectors

(mining), lack of skills and a high rate of functional illiteracy, access to services, land claims.

There are however, some opportunities for development in the municipality, and as with other local

municipalities in the region, these are largely in the areas of tourism and agriculture:

Agriculture: Products produced in the area are timber, field crops and livestock. Although most of

the timber is exported out of the area. Current products farmed are maize, groundnuts, soya

beans, sunflowers, fruits and sorghum. Cattle farming has also played a major role but this

market is strained due to rising input costs and stock theft. The Vryheid Economic

Regeneration Study identified the development of agri-business as an opportunity for the

area.

Tourism: Eco-tourism is a great attraction for the Abaqulusi Local Municipality, with tourists drawn

to its climate, wildlife and landscape. The Ithala Game Reserve is located just outside the

Municipal area north of Louwsburg, it offers wildlife, scenery and accommodation. The Ngome

Forest including the Thendeka Wilderness area, is also a draw card with locals claiming it to

be ‘more spectacular than Tsitsikamma’ on the Eastern Cape Coastline.

3.4.2 eDumbe Local Municipality (IDP) 2013/14 EDumbe Local Municipality is predominantly rural in nature (approximately 65% rural, and 35%

urban), yet has the highest potential in the district for rain fed agriculture and consists mainly of

commercial forestry farming. In the communal areas of this municipality there is the potential for

smallholder forestry, but the distances to markets stifle this. The major town in the local

municipality is eDumbe/Paulpietersburg, which is situated close to the national rail network22.

The mission of the eDumbe Integrated Development Plan is to create a healthy, safe environment

with economically active communities through the promotion of sustainable infrastructure

development while unlocking agricultural and tourism potential. To achieve this, the IDP process first

had to identify the key issues for the eDumbe local municipality, including:

Large rural population depending on small urban centre

Costly service delivery

Low income levels

Heavy dependence on public transport facilities

Cost of municipal services to low income households

In the short to medium term, the municipality will initiate projects with clear targets and outputs

towards addressing these priorities. Development strategies in the local municipality include

unleashing agricultural potential through the development of an agricultural plan, promoting

subsistence farming, unlocking potentially available land, and to ensure that the process of land

reform is fast tracked.

21

Abaqulusi Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2013/14

22 eDumbe Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2013/14


3.4.3 Nongoma Local Municipality IDP 2014/15 The Nongoma Local Municipality is the second largest in terms of area in the Zululand District

Municipality, and is popularly known as the seat of the Zulu monarch. It is a predominantly rural

municipality, with over 98% of its population living in rural areas23. The entire municipality consists

of communal settlements, with a mixture of farming taking place by small holders with cattle and

goats being the main enterprises. The agricultural potential of the area is considered to be low,

unless irrigation is made available.

The mission of the Nongoma Integrated Development Plan is to “…exist to be the growing centre of

convergence for national, provincial and local development stakeholders to facilitate the provision of

an environment where the people can live, work and play by providing access to the best and

sustainable infrastructural, social and economic services for an improved people’s quality of life.”

The IDP process, however, identified key challenges to achieving this for the Nongoma local

municipality, including:

To focus on rural tourism development in light of the Municipal Area’s cultural diversity and

heritage

High unemployment

There are a number of strategies in place to address these challenges including the creation of

employment opportunities for all employable people of Nongoma, unleash the agricultural sector

potential, and to facilitate the development of a tourism sector plan.

3.4.4 Ulundi Local Municipality IDP 2014/15 The Ulundi Local Municipality is located on the southern boundary of the Zululand District

Municipality in northeastern KwaZulu-Natal. The Ulundi municipal area includes the towns and

settlements of Ulundi, Nqulwane, Mahlabathini, Babanango, Mpungamhlophe and Ceza as well as

Traditional Authorities. The largest part of its area is rural and underdeveloped. Approximately half

of the Municipal area consists of commercial farms and the area supports a substantial agricultural

community. The town of Ulundi represents the only urban centre in the Ulundi Local Municipal area

and accommodates approximately 40,000 people24.

The vision of the Ulundi Local Municipality is ‘a development city of heritage focusing on good

governance, socio-economic development and upholding tradition to promote sustainable service

delivery’. In order to achieve this vision, the IDP process first had to identify the key issues for the

Ulundi Local Municipality, including:

Climate change

Rural tourism development

Rural agricultural development

Unemployment

23

Nongoma Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2014/15

24 Ulundi Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2014/15


Opportunities have been identified for development in the municipality. These are largely in the

areas of tourism and agriculture:

Tourism: Given the rich cultural heritage and history of the Ulundi municipal area, tourism provides

a significant opportunity for economic development of the area. Ulundi can build on its strong

Zulu heritage and e.g. EmaKhosini, Ceza Cave, Ondini Battlefields & Museum and put formal

structures in place to promote tourism.

Agriculture: a major sector within the Municipality and has the potential to contribute to the

development of employment opportunities as well as addressing matters related to food

security. Ulundi can utilise the areas good potential for aloe farming and game farming as a

means of economic development.

3.4.5 uPhongolo Local Municipality IDP 2014/2015 The uPhongolo Local Municipality is strategically located along the N2, adjacent to the Swaziland

Border and the Mpumalanga Province. It forms part of Lebombo SDI Corridor as a gateway to

Swaziland and Mozambique using its Golela and Onverwacht border gates.25

The local municipality is predominantly rural in nature with a relatively diverse economy, with a

particularly strong primary and secondary sector, in the form of agriculture, retail and game farming.

UPhongolo has vast tracts of untapped natural resources and the opportunity to take advantage of

its tourism potential and take tourism in the area to another level. The main commercial enterprises

in the local municipality are irrigated sugarcane and game farming, with the potential to develop

citrus and subtropical fruit under irrigation

The mission of the uPhongolo Integrated Development Plan includes the plan to ‘hoist tourism and

agriculture as the leading GDP contributors to the economy. To achieve this, the IDP process first

had to identify the key issues for the uPhongolo local municipality, including:

Lack of industry;

High unemployment;

Inadequate infrastructure;

Unavailability of land for development;

Cost of municipal services to low income households.

There are however, some opportunities for development in the municipality. These are largely in the

areas of tourism and agriculture:

Tourism: uPhongolo has plenty of natural scenery; game and hosts the tiger fish games every

year. These and other opportunities could be expanded

Agriculture: uPhongolo has the right climatic conditions for agriculture, and could broaden its

sugarcane farming business as well as its game farming business.

3.5 Synthesis The policies mentioned introduce a set of principles that are intended to influence the substantive

outcomes of planning decisions in relation to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and

underdevelopment in South Africa.

25

uPhongolo Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2014/15


The overall aim of these principles is to achieve planning outcomes that:

Promote sustainable development and use of natural resources;

Channel resources to areas of greatest need and development potential, thereby redressing the

inequitable historical treatment of marginalized areas;

Take into account the fiscal, institutional and administrative capacities of role players, the needs of

communities and the environment; and

Stimulate economic development opportunities in rural areas; and support an equitable protection

of rights to and in land.

Rural development has a common thread from the National and Provincial policy level through to

the District and Local Municipality policy level and is seen as core to the achievement of stated

policy outcomes.

Zululand, as a largely rural district municipality will therefore benefit from the implementation of a

rural development plan that will guide the application of policy in the communities it serves.

The objectives of the Zululand RDP are:

To establish and outline long term vision and direction for rural development in the district

To provide an overarching and coordinating framework for planning and rural development

initiatives, within each of the local municipalities and across municipal boundaries;

To provide a spatial context and justification for priority interventions;

To develop institutional arrangement for an effective implementation of the Zululand rural

development plan;

To align and integrate departmental strategic plans at a district level;

To facilitate commitment of resources (human, financial, etc.) towards the implementation of

strategic objectives, catalytic initiatives and other district priorities.

SECTION FOUR – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 35

4 SECTION FOUR – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

4.1 Socio-Economic Analysis The population of the district stands at 815 962 as of 201326. The population of the district has been

growing steadily with major contribution by Abaqulusi (26% of district population), Nongoma (24%

of district population) and Ulundi (23% of district population) local municipalities constituting 73% of

the district population. The drivers of growth in population however, are Abaqulusi and Uphongolo

LM’s, with the other LM’s having regressed in their contribution to the district population. This

perspective is depicted in the graphs below.

FIGURE 3: POPULATION TRENDS

Source: ??

26

Quantec 2013

688093

742724 775990

815962

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

1995 2001 2007 2013

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

op

le

Years

Population Trends in Zululand DM

Zululand DM

eDumbe LM

UPhongolo LM

Abaqulusi LM

Nongoma LM

Ulundi LM


FIGURE 4: POPULATION PROPORTIONS BY LM

Source: ??

Age distribution among the population, shows that the economically active population 20-64 years

constitutes 44% of the district population. The major contributor of this population age cohort is

Abaqulusi, Ulundi and Nongoma each respectively having 28%, 23% and 22% of the age cohort

respectively27. This mirrors the population dynamics of the district and its municipalities, as well as

the pull of urban life among this economically active population to areas that offer better economic

prospects. Further analysis of dependency rates of the respective LMs, Nongoma LM has the highest

dependency ratio of 88, eDumbe LM with 81.7, Ulundi LM with 81.1, Uphongolo LM with 77.3, and

Abaqulusi LM with 70.5. Nongoma LM thus bears the tag of placing a higher dependency on the

economically active population.

The sex ratio that measures gender distribution shows that the district is dominated by the female

population. The population is dominated by the female gender (53.98%), as the male population

migrate from the age cohort of 20 and above, in search of better economic opportunities. 28

Health and mortality in the district shows a rise in HIV prevalence in the district, an increase in AIDS

deaths over the years 1995 to 2007, thereafter declining, and a moderate increase in deaths from

other causes. A further cursory glance shows that HIV prevalence is mostly dominant in the

urbanised Abaqulusi and Ulundi local municipalities. The figure below illustrates these perspectives.

27

Ibid

28 Statistics South Africa, Census 2011

10%

14%

24%

27%

24%

10%

15%

25%

25%

24%

10%

16%

26%

25%

24%

10%

16%

26%

24%

23%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

eDumbe LM

UPhongolo LM

Abaqulusi LM

Nongoma LM

Ulundi LM

Percentage

Geo

gra

ph

y

Population proportions by LM- Zululand DM

1995

2001

2007

2013


FIGURE 5: HEALTH & MORTALITY

Source: ??

The level of education in the district needs to improve to enable a better fit with the skills demanded

by the local economy and global competitiveness of economic sectors. The district records 80% of its

population having below some secondary education, 12% of whom have no schooling. This has

implications on the employment by skill, confining most of the economically active population in the

district to employment in the informal, semi and unskilled categories. The level of education in the

district and its associated local municipalities is depicted in the figure below.

FIGURE 6: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE GROUP OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD

Source: ??

Education and employment opportunities are strategically aligned. Employment by skill depicts

moderately growing total employment since 2001. Employment is therefore moderately growing in

the informal employment category, with noted marginal growth in skilled and highly skilled

employment. Aggressive decline is experienced in the semi and unskilled category as from 2007. This

has an immense negative impact on unemployment and especially youth unemployment in the

17596

86351

110963

120118

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

1995 2001 2007 2013

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

op

le

Years

Health & Mortality

HIV positive

AIDS deaths

Other deaths

12%

35%

6%

27%

17%

3%

12%

38%

6%

29%

13%

2%

12%

35%

6%

28%

16%

3%

11%

33%

5%

28%

18%

4%

12%

37%

6%

27%

17%

3%

13%

34%

6%

26%

18%

3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No schooling

Some primary

Complete primary

Some secondary

Grade 12 / Standard 10 / Form 5 / Matric /NTC111

Higher

Percentage

Ed

uc

ati

on

Le

vel

Education Level

Zululand DM

eDumbe LM

UPhongolo LM

Abaqulusi LM

Nongoma LM

Ulundi LM


district given the levels of education among the population. Initiatives to stimulate the growth of

primary sectors such as agriculture and mining are vital, as they have the capacity to absorb higher

numbers and create employment in the informal and semi and unskilled categories.

FIGURE 7: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE GROUP OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD

Source: ??

The dominant employment sector is the tertiary sector whose employment trajectory has grown

over the 1995 (51% of employment) to 2013 (76% of employment) periods. It should be noted, that

over the respective period, 22 326 jobs were lost in the primary sector. The primary sector, which is

the highest absorber of informal and semi and unskilled employment contributed 35% to total

employment in 1995, while in 2013 it was 10%29. The figure below documents this trend.

FIGURE 8: EMPLOYMENT BY SECTORS IN ZULULAND DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

Source: ??

29

Quantec 2013

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

1995 2001 2007 2013

Nu

mb

er

em

plo

yed

Years

Employment by skill

Formal and informal employment -Total (Number)

Highly skilled - Toral (Number)

Skilled - Total (Number)

Semi- and unskilled (Number)

Informal employment - Total(Number)

36214 25326 25563

13888

14162

10230 15836

18404

52458 57074 74960

101446

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1995 2001 2007 2013

Nu

mb

er

em

plo

yed

Years

Employment by Sectors

Tertiary sector

Secondary sector

Primary sector


Primary sector employment contribution segmented by its industry’s, mining and quarrying as well

as agriculture, forestry and fisheries; shows volatile fluctuations in employment generation.

Between 1995 and 2013, agriculture forestry and fisheries declined in its contribution to

employment from a high of 84% (30 252) in 1995 to 63% (8 708) in 2013. Over the same period,

employment contribution in mining and quarrying grew from 16% (5 962) to 37% (5 180)

respectively.

FIGURE 9: PRIMARY SECTOR EMPLOYMENT IN ZULULAND DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

Source: ??

Employment generation in the secondary sector industry’s has been dominated by the construction

sector over the 1995 (59%) to 2013 (54%) periods. However, there has been a general decline in the

employment contribution in the sector. The other key employment sector is the food, beverages and

tobacco manufacturing and Metals, metal products, machinery and equipment. The sector

employment trends are noted in the figure below.

30252

24117 23711

8708

5962

1209 1852

5180

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1995 2001 2007 2013

Nu

mb

er

em

plo

yed

Years

Primary Sector Employment

Mining and quarrying

Agriculture, forestry and fishing


FIGURE 10: SECONDARY SECTOR EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTION IN ZULULAND DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

Source: ??

The key driver of employment in the tertiary sector is the wholesale and retail trade over the 1995

to 2013 period. The growing tertiary sector that is growing employment in employment contribution

is the wholesale and retail; as well as Business services sector. Community, social and personal

services, as well as General Government industry have also marginally declined in their contribution

to employment in the district economy. This is depicted in the figure below.

FIGURE 11: TERTIARY SECTOR EMPLOYMENT

Source: ??

Household income and expenditure shows increasing disposable income and final consumption

among households. It also shows that households are increasingly spending less than they earn,

thereby having some savings, which impacts positively on the level of personal investment in the

district. This perspective is illustrated in the figure below.

2210 2050

2542 2631

692

971 1417

1175

514

315 515

433

1037

894 1787

2203

8367

4634 7466 9894

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1995 2001 2007 2013

Nu

mb

er

em

plo

yed

Years

Secondary Sector Employment

Construction

Water

Electricity

Furniture and other manufacturing

Transport equipment

Radio, TV, instruments, watches andclocks

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Metals, metal products, machinery andequipment

Other non-metal mineral products

14385 14189 23307 31041

4067 2986

3736 6565 3063

4914 5989 7371

12472 16692 19074 24470

15151 15694 20132 28787

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1995 2001 2007 2013

Nu

mb

er

em

plo

yed

Years

Tertiary Sector Employment

General government

Community, social and personal services

Business services

Finance and insurance

Communication

Transport and storage

Catering and accommodation services

Wholesale and retail trade


FIGURE 12: HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

Source: ??

The urban and rural divide impacts heavily on migratory trends, with more urbanised areas

attracting more migrants into the urban economy. This is evident by the higher proportion of

migrants streaming into the more urbanised Abaqulusi, Nongoma and Ulundi LM’s. This is depicted

in the figure below.

FIGURE 13: MIGRATION

Source: ??

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Finalconsumption

expenditure byhouseholds

Durablegoods: Total

Semi-durablegoods: Total

Non-durablegoods: Total

Services:Total

Currentincome

Disposableincome(Current

income lesstaxes on

income andwealth)

Saving byhouseholds(Disposableincome lessexpenditure)

R m

illio

ns

Household Income and Expenditure

1995

2001

2007

2013

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Nu

mb

er

of

mig

ran

ts

Geography

Birthplace of Origin Excl. KZN

Ulundi LM

Nongoma LM

Abaqulusi LM

UPhongolo LM

eDumbe LM

Zululand DM


FIGURE 14: BIRTH PLACE BY ORIGIN

Source: ??

Migratory patterns also impact on population growth/ decline in the district. The table below

illustrates the situation in the district.

TABLE 3: POPULATION GROWTH & DECLINE

Geography Population Growth Population Decline

eDumbe LM - regression

Uphongolo LM Marginal growth

Abaqulusi LM Marginal growth

Nongoma LM - regression

Ulundi LM - regression

Source: ??

The key learning from the demographics on the district are:

Abaqulusi and Uphongolo local municipalities constitute 40% of the district population, hence are

the population centres within the district with future consequences on urban sprawl and land

use management;

The rural nature of an area, also drives the rate of dependency among the population, with

Nongoma being the most rural, thus having the highest dependency ratio, that exerts pressure

on the working age population in district and municipal economy with attendant social costs;

Health and mortality in the DM needs to be improved especially in the rural areas as this impacts

on the productivity of the population, especially the working age population, hence the need to

mitigate health aspects such HIV prevalence through education and aggressive health

campaigns;

Education also needs to be improved so as to ensure a better strategic fit between skills

demanded by industry and education levels of the local populace, thereby mitigating the rate

of unemployment, especially youth unemployment and the social ills it fosters to peace and

stability;

Household income and expenditure has been growing, however the impact of grants and

remittances especially among the highly rural LM’s of the district (Nongoma) needs to be

factored in;

96%

3% 1%

Birthplace of Origin- Zululand DM

KwaZulu Natal

RSA Provinces

OSA


The district records a migratory pool to Uphongolo and Abaqulusi local municipalities, which

exerts pressure on housing, especially informal settlements and demand for public services;

and

Subsequently functional regions are defined by accessibility and mobility of time to travel to work

areas.


MAP 5: SETTLEMENTS & ENGINEERING SERVICES


MAP 6: ACCESSIBILITY INDEX


4.2 Key Economic Sectors ant their Contribution to GVA The Gross Value Added (GVA) of the district economy grew from R2.945 billion in 1995 to R22.146

billion in 2013. The dominant economies in the District by LM are Abaqulusi (35%), Ulundi (27%) and

Uphongolo (18%), constituting 80% of the district economy respectively. The major growth in

contribution to district GVA was from Ulundi LM, having contributed 22% (R661 million) in 1995 and

27% (R6.031 billion) in 2013. eDumbe LM regressed by (4%) having contributed 10% (R283 million)

to district GVA in 1995, and 6% (R1.321 billion) in 2013.30

FIGURE 15: GVA AT BASIC PRIZES

Source: ??

FIGURE 16: GVA TRENDS BY LM

Source: ??

The Tertiary sector has dominated the growth in GVA in the district economy. This has been

followed by the secondary and primary sectors respectively. The key sector driving the growth has

been the tertiary sector contributing 56% (R1.652 billion) in 1995 to district GVA and 68% (R15.051

30

Ibid

22146

1321

3955

7780

3059

6031

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Zululand DM eDumbe LM UPhongolo LM Abaqulusi LM Nongoma LM Ulundi LM

R m

illi

on

s

Geography

GVA at Basic Prices 2006

1995

2001

2007

2013

10%

20%

38%

10%

22%

10%

21%

36%

10%

24%

7%

19%

36%

12%

26%

6%

18%

35%

14%

27%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

eDumbe LM

UPhongolo LM

Abaqulusi LM

Nongoma LM

Ulundi LM

Percentage

Ge

ogr

aph

y

GVA Trends by LM

1995

2001

2007

2013


billion) in 2013. The primary sector recorded the biggest decline in GVA contribution over the 1995

to 2013 periods, from a high of 30% (R878 million) in 1995 to 15% (R3.407 billion) in 2013. The figure

below illustrates the trend in GVA contribution by sector.

FIGURE 17: GVA CONTRIBUTION TRENDS BY SECTOR IN ZULULAND DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

Source: ??

4.3 Primary Sector Further analysis of Primary Sector GVA trends, highlights decline in GVA contribution to the District

by the Agriculture, forestry and fishing industry that constituted 69% (R607 million) of Primary

Sector GVA in 1995 to 55% (R1.863 billion) in 2013. Growth was experienced in the Mining and

Quarrying industry contribution to Primary Sector GVA from 31% (R271 million) to 45% (R1.544

billion) over the same period31. This is depicted in the figure below.

FIGURE 18: GVA PRIMARY SECTOR TRENDS

Source: ??

31

Ibid

1652

3320

7141

15051

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1995 2001 2007 2013

R m

illi

on

s

Years

GVA Sectors DM Economy

Primary sector

Secondary sector

Tertiary sector

607

814

1313

1863

271

471

691

1544

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1995 2001 2007 2013

R m

illi

on

s

Years

Primary Sector GVA

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Mining and quarrying


The higher GVA Agricultural production is experienced in Abaqulusi, Uphongolo, eDumbe, Nongoma,

and Ulundi LM respectively. In Mining and Quarrying its growth in contribution is evident in the map

below that documents the coal line corridor that runs from Richards Bay, through Ulundi, Vryheid

and Paulpietersburg and into the mining areas of Mpumalanga.

4.3.1 Agriculture The Agricultural sector can be harnessed in efforts to diversify the economy of the district and

enable the absorption of the local populace in sector opportunities that call for semi and unskilled,

as well as informal employment categories. The main agricultural activities in the district include;

livestock (red meat and poultry), forestry (timber), sugarcane, citrus farming, and vegetables.

The agricultural potential of the district is illustrated in the map below. It shows the highest potential

in Abaqulusi, eDumbe, Uphongolo, Nongoma, and Ulundi LM respectively. It shows the soil

potential; land and climate potential (make the distinction between rain-fed agriculture and

irrigation).

Mining

The key mining activity was coal extraction. However, the potential has declined with the closure of

coal mines around Hlobane and Coronation, with mining activity confined mainly to the Zululand

Anthracite Colliery, 50 km’s east of Ulundi.

4.4 Secondary Sector The secondary sector GVA has been dominated by the Food, beverages and tobacco sector over the

1995 (R106 million) to 2013 (R1.221 billion) periods. Its contribution to GVA in the sector has grown

by 8% (26% in 1995 to 34% in 2013). The other key GVA contributor in the sector was the

construction sector, whose contribution grew by 3%. These perspectives are captured in the figure

below.


FIGURE 19: GVA TRENDS IN THE SECONDARY SECTOR

Source: ??

The tertiary sector GVA is dominated by General government contributing R643 million (39%) in

1995 to R5.281 billion (35%) in 2013. The second dominant tertiary sector currently is the wholesale

and retail sector contributing R308 million (19%) in 1995, to R3.834 billion (25%) in 201332. The

figure below captures the GVA trend contribution of the tertiary sectors.

The growth in contribution of the wholesale and retail sector is a multiplier effect of the growth of

the district economy especially driven by Vryheid (commercial and business centre) and Ulundi

(government administrative centre) towns. The map below illustrates the GVA contribution of the

sector in the space of the local economy.

Key highlights of the district economy include:

The increased dominance of tertiary sector on the district economy requires efforts in diversifying

the base of the economy away from consumptive economy whose growth is limited by the prospects

of the primary and secondary sectors;

Enhancing and growing the economy will require investment in skills development and training in

order to enhance the skills base of the district away from employment opportunities in informal

and semi and unskilled employment categories; and

Harness the growth in agriculture, forestry and fisheries to expand manufacturing through agro-

processing so as to grow the district’s GVA and enhance rural livelihoods, as well as food

security.

32

Quantec 2013

106 178 559 1221

44 79 200

261 20 40

127 204

46 60

249 407

14 20

57 59

54 82

129 281

20 47

126 226

71 133 315 736

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1995 2001 2007 2013

R m

illi

on

s

Years

Secondary Sectors GVA

Construction

Water

Electricity

Furniture and other manufacturing

Transport equipment

Radio, TV, instruments, watches andclocks

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Metals, metal products, machineryand equipment

Other non-metal mineral products

Petroleum products, chemicals, rubberand plastic


4.5 Environment The guiding principle for development in the ZDM is that it should be conducted in a sustainable

manner. It is important to consider what the concept of sustainable development means for the

ZDM and how this concept should be taken forward. The definition of sustainable development

which has become the best known and most widely used is that of the Bruntland Report which

defines sustainable development as33:

‘Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs’. (World Commission on Environment and Development,

1987).

Sites of Cultural, Heritage, Religious and Historical interests

Culture and Heritage

The concentration of cultural heritage sites in the district is mainly around Ulundi and Nongoma,

where strong Zulu heritage provides a rich framework of attractions for visitors to the area, including

battlefields and cultural heritage tourism routes. These are the key to tourism in the district,

however the high tourism potential has not been fully utilised, environmentally or otherwise with a

number of sites of tourism significance being ignored or insufficiently marketed.

There are a number of cultural resources in the Zululand District Municipality, including34:

eMakhosini-Ophathe Heritage Park

Zululand Heritage Route – adding to the battlefields route and birding route

Amafa Akwazulu heritage site

Ondini museum and battlefields

Ceza Cave

Conservation

Sites of conservation value in the Zululand District Municipality are focused on the following35:

Ithala Game Reserve;

Ngome State Forest;

Pongolapoort Nature Reserve;

Klipfontein Nature Reserve;

Vryheid Nature Reserve;

Pongola Bush Nature Reserve;

Emakhosini Ophathe Heritage Park;

Zululand Rhino Reserve;

Amatshitsholo Community Conservation Area; and

The Pongolapoort Dam.

33


34 Ibid

35 Zululand District Municipality Integrated Development Plan Review 2014/15


The protection of all cultural, historical and environmentally sensitive areas must be taken into

account when considering agricultural development to boost the Zululand economy, and it is

proposed in the district IDP that fertile agricultural land be set aside for farming purposes only, so it

will not be lost due to development pressure.

Nature Reserves and Game Parks

There are a number of nature reserves and game parks in the Zululand district, which include private

game parks. These include.36

TABLE 4: NATURE RESERVES & GAME PARKS

Game Parks Nature Reserves

Phongolo game reserve Vryheid Mountain Nature Reserve offering bird watching opportunities

Ithala game reserve including bush lodges and camping facilities (4 of the big 5)

Phongolapoort Dam and Nature Reserve

Opathe game reserve

eMakhosini-Ophathe Heritage Park - this is the “Valley of the Kings” and within the park you will find the burial places of a number of early Zulu Kings and the “Spirit of eMakhosini” monument.

Pongola bush nature reserve

Source: ??

Protected Areas

Conservation in South Africa is managed through a system of protect areas as set out in the National

Environmental Management Act, No. 107 van 1998 and the National Environmental Management:

Protected Areas Act 57of 2003. In terms of these acts, the system of protected areas in South Africa

consists of the following kinds of protected areas:

Special nature reserves, nature reserves (including wilderness areas) and world heritage sites;

Specially protected forest areas, forest nature reserves and forest wilderness areas declared in

terms of the National Forests Act, 1998 (Act No. 84 of 1998); and

Mountain catchment areas declared in terms of the Mountain Catchment Areas Act, 1970 (Act No.

63 of 1970).

There are not many formally protected areas in the Zululand District Municipality. Areas formally

designated as protected include.37

Emakhosini Heritage Park;

Opathe Game Reserve;

Vryheid Mountain Nature Reserve;

Ithala Game Reserve;

36

Ibid



Phongolo Game Reserve; and

Phongolapoort Nature Reserve.

It is not clear if any of these protected areas play any positive role in tourism or conservation in the

larger Zululand District Municipality area.

Wetlands

The wetland systems in the Zululand District Municipality are distributed in a complex mosaic,

occupying a variety of positions in the landscape across altitudinal gradients, ranging from open

water bodies, vleis and marshes, down to extensive wetlands associated with stream and river

courses. The role of wetlands is amplified in this district on account of widespread rural settlement

and coal mining activities. In certain circumstances wetlands used by rural communities have

impacted upon the natural functions of such systems. These wetland systems need to be

rehabilitated as they perform a vital service to both local and downstream users.38

There are a number of pressures regarding wetlands in the Zululand District Municipality that have

been raised in the IDP. These need to be taken into consideration when looking at areas of

agricultural potential in the district and include:

Alien invasive species consume valuable water resources and cause soil erosion which leads to

flooding;

River catchments are under pressure due to over extraction of water.

In response to these pressures, the Zululand District Municipality recognises that there needs to be

planned management of river catchments and wetlands in the area. The IDP proposes that in order

to preserve wetlands, draining them to plant crops, as well as building drains should be prevented or

minimized, and that there should be farmers’ programmes put in place to teach them to avoid

pesticides & other pollutants and apply fertilizer with care39.

Topography

Slope Analysis

The Zululand District is has slope categories that range from smaller than 1:10 (10% incline), 1:6

(17% incline), 1:3 (33% incline) and steeper. The higher the gradient, the more difficult and more

expensive construction, provision of services and agriculture become. Slope also affects modes of

transport, as a maximum gradient of 5% is recommended for bicycle tracks and 8% is recommended

for footpaths. Terrain therefore plays an integral part in determining agricultural patterns to ensure

cost-effectiveness and functionality. The central and northwestern parts of the Municipal area are

mountainous with slope of 1:3 and steeper. The slopes decrease (become less steep) towards the

eastern half of the Municipal Area40.

38

Ibid

39 Ibid

40 Ibid


Elevation

The mean elevation (m above sea level) of the Zululand District Municipality ranges from 0m above

sea level, to 6987m above sea level. There is an increase in height above sea level as you move away

from the Coast, with the uPhongolo Local Municipality and the Nongoma Local Municipality (eastern

areas) ranging from 0m to 910m above sea level, whilst eDumbe and Abaqulusi in the west range

from 655m to 4 559m above sea level. The height above sea level influences climate, which impacts

on agricultural production and the crops cultivated41.

The table below gives a view of the terrain of the Zululand District Municipality42

TABLE 5: TERRAIN

Topography type Percentage of total municipal area

MOUNTAINOUS 30%

Rolling 70%

Flat 0%

Coastal 0%

Source: ??

Water Resources (Hydrology, Water Catchment Areas)

More than 60% of river-flow in South Africa arises from only 20% of the land area. The Zululand

District Municipality forms part of this 20% and has a wealth of surface water resources as a result of

the high rainfall over the area. The northwestern most corners and the high-lying central area of the

District have been designated areas of importance to water production through surface runoff

(Schulze et al, 1997). A water service plan has been developed and is reviewed on an annual basis.43

Pongolapoort Dam and Bivane Dam both have water quality of high standard; they are monitored

through the National Water Resource Strategy (NWRS). There are three main catchments in the

district:

Pongola catchment (The water resources of the Pongola catchments are fully developed through

the Pongolapoort Dam);

Mkhuze catchment (The water resources are mostly undeveloped, with only a number of farm

dams for irrigation purposes. The major water users in these catchments are irrigation and

commercial forestry);

Umfolozi catchment: there is a deficit in the lower White Mfolozi during the winter months and The

Black Mfolozi catchments consist mostly of Traditional Authority land, with the main activity

being cattle farming.

41

Zululand District Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2013

42 Zululand District Municipality Water Services Development Plan 2014

43 Ibid


MAP 7: CONSERVATION AREAS


The water resources in the Zululand District are mostly undeveloped, with only a number of farm

dams for irrigation purposes. The major water users in these catchments are irrigation and

commercial forestry, with extra pressure on the water reserves experienced from cattle farming and

subsistence farmers.

Vegetation

The Zululand District Municipality has exceptional heterogeneity in habitat, which translates into rich

vegetation diversity, as described in Mucina & Rutherford (2006), comprising lower altitude dense

bushveld, savanna and grasslands, extending up to higher altitude mistbelt grasslands, including

significant areas of mistbeltand forests.44

There are a number of considerations regarding vegetation identified in the District IDP that need to

be taken into account when considering expanding agriculture in the region. These include, but are

not limited to:

Monitoring the level of illegal Muthi harvesting in the area which damages indigenous populations

of plants and animals without restocking. This will need to be monitored and controlled

through provisions in the Zululand Rural Development Plan.

The increase in use of unsustainable agricultural practices/management which can be monitored

in accordance with the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act, No. 43 of 1983, when

dedicated agricultural programmes are initiated.

An important feature of the land cover of Zululand is that there are limited areas under cultivation

and plantation owing to the climatic conditions in the District (low rainfall). These are mainly located

in the higher rainfall areas around Vryheid and Paulpietersburg, and in the drier areas around

irrigation schemes such as uPhongolo. The drier parts of the District are under bushlands and

grasslands. The eastern parts of the District are under bushveld forests and grasslands.45

Geology and Soil Types

After climate, geology is probably the second most important factor in the genesis of the soil-terrain

landscapes of South Africa. The geological formations constituting the soil parent materials are

highly variable with respect to the clay forming potential and silica content. These are passed on to

the soils, giving rise to swelling black clays, sands etc. as well as differences in natural fertility and

erodibility. Geology is thus indirectly responsible for a variety of soil-plant niches or habitats.

Soil erosion occurs throughout the Zululand District, but especially in the rural areas and in

association with roads, pathways and subsistence agriculture. This presents a problem for further

agricultural land use as it can result in lower soil productivity and permanent loss of topsoil.46 The

Zululand Rural Development Plan must therefore take into account measures that will prevent

overgrazing and over-utilization of land, and further protection and rehabilitation of soil resources.

44


45 Zululand District Growth and Development Plan composite report

46 Zululand District Municipality Environmental Management Plan 2006


Biodiversity

The Zululand District Municipality is considered to be an avifaunal hotspot, comprising in excess of

400 birds. The area is home to at least 2 Critically Endangered species, 4 Endangered species, 35

vulnerable species, and 50 Near Threatened species. The African Skimmer (Rynchops flavirostris) is

classified as Regionally Extinct. Five important fish species, 19 mammals, 3 reptiles, and 6

invertebrates have been identified as important. This must be considered when putting in place

development initiatives in the area.47

Due to the nature of biodiversity in the region, there are a number of considerations to be taken in

to account when looking at rural development in the Zululand region. These include the following:

Development threats, particularly from areas designated for development in the SDF and IDP, and

as a consequence of potential rural settlement expansion, must be addressed at a strategic

planning level to ensure that development does not take place at the expense of critical

biodiversity assets.

Opportunities for conservation-oriented local economic development must be carefully considered

when looking at Critical Biodiversity Areas and Ecological Support Areas for land use.

4.6 WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY STATUS QUO 4.6.1 Water Quality The main surface water resources include the Bivane and Pongolapoort Dams that account for 88%

of the available water resources. In the natural state, the water quality is of a high standard48.

However, localised water quality problems and health risks associated with the proximity of

settlements to resources and the lack of sanitation facilities occur within the region. This is being

addressed through planning to eradicate the water services backlogs. This planning includes an

education component that addresses the issues of health, hygiene and water conservation and use.

Primary Water Resources

The primary water resources in the Zululand district include:

Rivers

o Pongola (North)

o White Mfolozi (Centre)

o Black Mfolozi (Centre)

o Mkuze (Centre)

o Mhlahtuze (South)

Dams

o Vuna (Nongoma)

o Mtiki (eMondlo)

The Zululand District Municipality falls within the Mfolozi, Mkuze and Pongola secondary catchments

of the Usuthu/Mhlathuze Water Management Area (WMA) that extends from the high lying areas in

the north and west to the Indian Ocean in the east. The aerial extent of the district occupies

47

Zululand District Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2014/15

48 Zululand District Municipality Water Services Development Plan


approximately 22% of this WMA. It is evident that apart from the Pongola catchments, water from

these sub-areas is currently over-utilised and a deficit is created.49

4.6.2 CLIMATE The climate of Southern Africa is influenced strongly by the position of the subcontinent in relation

to the major circulation features of the southern hemisphere. However, in all areas topography

exerts a strong control on rainfall and produces clear orographic anomalies that are particularly

evident in the case of Zululand.

The following climate related factors are considered as important for development in the municipal

area:

Precipitation

Temperature

Evaporation

Aridity zones

Rainfall erosion

Moisture availability

Varying climate conditions prevail across the Zululand District, as can be seen in the variance in

mean annual precipitation experienced in the region. With the exception of some precipitation in

the south from cold fronts in winter (in the Zululand Lowveld and Mistbelt areas), the region is

subject to summer rainfall with dry winters, with rain predominantly falling in early summer, apart

from the Ithala Quartzite Sourveld (peak rains in midsummer). Mean Annual precipitation in the

District ranges from 493mm to 1 682mm (predominantly below 900mm in the District), with large-

scale variations over relatively short distances in certain areas (on account of topographical

influences). Rainfall in form of thunderstorms is the prevalent form of precipitation, whilst mist also

contributes to precipitation at higher elevations.

Summers are generally warm to hot, and winters are cool. Mean Annual Temperature ranges

generally from approximately 4oc to 20oc, temperatures generally become cooler moving towards

the west. Mean annual evaporation varies considerably in the District depending on the relationship

of rainfall and temperature50.

4.6.3 FORESTRY Forests are defined as a closed-canopy assemblage of woody tree species greater than 5 m in height

(Midgley, et al., 1997). This definition purposefully avoids other definitions, developed in the tropics

that use multiple strata and are as a result restrictive51.

Indigenous forest represents the smallest biome in southern Africa (Rutherford & Westfall, 1994).

Regardless of this fact, forests still support a high proportion of the regions floral and faunal diversity

(Geldenhys, 1989). The greatest diversity of forest types is found in KwaZulu Natal. This is as a result

49

Zululand District Municipality Water services development plan 2014


51 Adapted from Amajuba Environmental Management Plan 2003


of the dramatic altitudinal gradient that exists between the coast and the escarpment. The value of

forests in KwaZulu Natal has largely been unappreciated due to their small economic value (Midgley

et al, 1997).

Agricultural activities in the Zululand District Municipality are largely focused on forestry, particularly

in the eDumbe and Abaqulusi local municipalities and in the Babanango highlands of Ulundi, which is

dominated by commercial forestry. Rural development through interventions in this industry can

lead to further economic development in the region, as outlined in the National Industrial Policy

Action Plan, which, through its cluster based production sectors promotes a focus on the forestry,

paper, pulp and furniture value chain. With this in mind, smallholder forestry must be a

consideration in the Zululand Rural Development Plan.

4.6.4 AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL The Zululand District Municipality IDP referencing the Agricultural Sector Plan, provided the

following summary in terms of the agricultural potential in the District:

Good agricultural potential exists in the western highlands of the district, and the eDumbe

Municipality has very high potential as has most of the Abaqulusi municipality. High potential in the

Phongola valley is as a result of irrigation opportunities that have been developed in this area.

Current land cover reflects these potentials.

The communal areas of Ulundi and Nongoma are however not as fortunate and the agricultural

potential is marginal to poor except for the high lying plateaus in each district. However, these make

up a small portion of the total area. Valley bushveld of the two Mfolozi Rivers does provide

considerable potential for the development of irrigation.

Given the high temperatures in these valleys and the moderate winters, these areas are perfectly

suited for the production of vegetables in the winter or off-season. The deep low altitude river

valleys of Pongolo and Mfolozi Rivers provide an excellent opportunity for intensive agricultural

production. Where irrigation is available, sugar cane, out of season vegetables and sub-tropical fruits

can be planted. Agricultural potential outside these valleys is limited to stock and game farming.52

4.6.5 TOURISM The Zululand District is home to a rich cultural diversity and numerous sites of historical significance,

specifically relating to the Zulu nation. This gives the region scope to create a unique selling

proposition based on its distinct identity. However, the relative remoteness of the District from

major highways and a lack of sophisticated tourism products meant that that the full potential of this

cultural heritage has not been realised.

According to the Zululand Tourism Strategy 2006, the Zululand District has a wealth of attractions

that are authentic and different. However, the key obstacles to tourism growth lies in the lack of

awareness and information, lack of accessibility and the failure to package these assets in an

attractive way that distinguishes it from the other districts forming the Northern KZN region.

Some of the key attractions in the Zululand District include:

52



eMakhosini-Opathe Heritage Park – The eMakhosini monument is situated on an open site

approximately 400 metres off the R34 and located 22 kms from the town of Ulundi. The site

overlooks the eMakhosini Valley of the Kings. The centerpiece is a huge, bronze beer pot,

surrounded by friezes depicting everyday Zulu life. The outer edge of the memorial holds

seven large animal horns, symbolising the seven kings who lie buried in the valley.

uMgungundlovu Multi-Media Centre - opened in 2009 and built on the site of King Dingaan’s kraal,

this 100-seater venue for screening can double as a conference or performance venue or a

standard movie theatre.

Zulu Cultural Attractions - According to KZN Tourism, 37% of foreign tourists who visited

KwaZulu-Natal reported that they had visited a cultural/heritage attraction in 2009, while 50%

reported that had visited a game park to view wildlife53

. Given the rich cultural heritage and

history of the District, the area possesses huge tourism potential. However, much of this

potential cannot be realized due to incomplete or inadequate roads.

Wildlife Attractions – the District has a number of private game farms and lodges that offer a wide

diversity of game and excellent facilities e.g. Ithala Game Reserve, and private game farms in

the uPhongolo area. Due to their location close to the Swaziland border, the top class game

lodges in Pongola are attracting the majority of international tourists. These tourists also

create a market for well-crafted arts and crafts that are currently under-developed in the

Zululand District.

A number of key tourism events in Zululand are growing year by year and these include:

Zulu Royal Reed Dance at Enyokeni.

Monthly Mona Market outside of Nongoma.

Annual Mayfair in Vryheid.

Tiger fishing Bonanza on the Pongolapoort Dam.

Ithala Canoe Challenge starting at the oBivane Dam.

Annual Innie Rietfees in uPhongolo.

The Ulundi – Nongoma Marathon.

All studies carried out on a district level indicate that for Zululand, tourism is a key factor. It is one of

the two legs on which development in Zululand stand, the other being agriculture.

4.6.6 SYNTHESIS From the environmental desktop analysis conducted, it is clear that there are many opportunities in

the Zululand district for economic growth and development to alleviate the core challenges of

poverty and inequality in the region. In order to get full benefit from the range of opportunities

outlined in the various policy documents at a national, provincial and local level it is vital that

Zululand approaches planning in an integrated and holistic manner. Further, it is essential to include

consultation with the various stakeholder groups in the analysis.

The potential for economic growth in Zululand lies predominantly in tourism and agriculture. The

district has moderate agricultural potential, with high agricultural potential to the North and North

east of the region. It is vital that the Zululand District Municipality focus as far as possible on areas

53

Ibid


with moderate to high agricultural potential, and set guidelines for the local municipalities on where

agricultural development should take place.

The main drivers for agricultural development in the district will be through improved access to

markets, increased irrigation as well as land reform and transformation in the sector. Agriculture can

contribute on a much larger scale to livelihoods and local economic development in the district54.

This will be a focus of the Zululand District Municipality Rural Development Plan.

4.7 Synthesis Key strategic fundamentals to the plan will be the interplay between people, places, employment

and economy.

4.7.1 People Key characteristics discerned from the district population include:

General low population growth rate signifying an area experiencing out migration and low

economic growth and opportunities;

Female dominated population and female headed households as male population migrates to

better performing economic geographies;

High dependency ratios as the economically active population migrates to urban areas, leaving

older generations in the rural areas;

Low education attainment with majority of the population having less than some secondary

education; and

High youth unemployment, as the dominant growing tertiary sector cannot absorb a significant

proportion of the unemployed youth due to low educational attainment.

Implications of these characteristics include:

Increased rural urban migration that will result in the growth of informal settlements in urban

economic growth centres; and

Development of poverty nodes in deep rural areas as they lack food security and sustainable

livelihoods.

4.7.2 Places Key aspects to be considered include:

Land tenure and land use management systems, especially given the large tracts of communal

land that mitigates security of tenure which could stimulate investment and access to finance

to rural households Urban accessibility and activity development corridor, as well as a

developed red and white meat cluster, identifies Vryheid as a strategic town to enable the

development of an Agri-park. In addition, it is in an existing agricultural corridor.

Implicating factors include:

Need to identify mechanisms to enable and enhance land tenure and land use for productive

agriculture, human settlements and increased access to credit. This could be enabled through

utilisation of idle state owned land to spur productive agriculture, tenure reform, strategic land

reform, and land restitution.

54

Zululand District Municipality LED Framework final draft phase 3 – the agricultural sector

Land Reform 61

Linkage of human settlements to economic activity through the quickest time travel to and from

work defining the development of a regional gateway and economic development node.

4.7.3 Employment Aspects to be considered are:

Job creation through adoption of labour intensive economic activity especially aligned to low levels

of educational attainment. This is mainly enabled through agriculture of certain commodities

that have natural bio resource in the district.

Adoption of skills development and training to upskill the local population and mitigate the level of

low educational attainment. This could be done through social infrastructure such as libraries.

Impacts of these aspects include:

Small rural town revitalisation through job creation in rural agricultural nodes;

Increased extension support and rural education attainment to spur rural entrepreneurship.

4.7.4 Economy Key issues include:

Growing tertiary (services sector) constrained by the level of growth of the primary and secondary

sector;

Economic and employment opportunities emanating from these growth not strategically aligned to

skills profiles of the locals (require skilled and highly skilled), thereby resulting in high

unemployment.

Implications include:

Increasing rates of unemployment;

Requires a rethink on how to stimulate rural economic development through agriculture and

available land resources especially catering to low educational attainment and absorptive

capacity of these locals; and

Need to unlock land potential through evaluation of land tenure systems while stimulating land

restitution processes.

Underlying these strategic fundamentals is the need to develop a rural development vision and

framework.

5 Land Reform The reform of an unequal distribution of land along racial division was one of the greatest challenges

facing South Africa in the transition to democracy in 1994. Popular expectations were high that the

new democratic government would effect fundamental changes to address the historic

dispossession of land. The twenty years of implementation of the Land Reform Programme has seen

several changes in strategy, the creation of numerous instruments to support redistribution, and

more recently, a Recapitalisation and Development Programme to support production on farms. 55

However, land reform has not gone the way it was initially proposed and many newly settled black

farmers happened to be worse off after acquiring access to land. Various reasons can be linked to

this failure but it essentially due to the lack of a seamless alignment of both pre and post -settlement

55

DARD Strategy for Agrarian Transformation in Kwazulu-Natal

Land Reform 62

support services from government and the agricultural sector. These challenges remain, despite the

proactive initiative of the Provincial Government in establishing the Agribusiness Development

Agency (ADA) to co-ordinate pre and post transfer activities in partnership with commodity

organisations and other role players.

The land reform programme can however, become a significant contributor to poverty eradication,

economic growth and job creation in the Province. This is dependent on the alignment of an

effective pre-and-post transfer support programme in which government, commodity organisations,

financial institutions and organized agriculture play their respective roles in providing an “envelope”

of support services to new entrant black commercial farmers. It will also require the application of

sound business practices to maximize production and explore opportunities in the agricultural value

chain.

The Ingonyama Trust Board (ITB) is the largest land owner within the District with the whole of

Nongoma, as well as a significant part of the Ulundi LM registered in its name. The ITB further owns

properties on the Northern Border of the District on Swaziland Border in the area west of Pongola. A

third grouping of properties is situated on the Nquthu LM Boundary directly north of Nquthu and the

Jojosi River, and west of the Mvunyane River within the aBaqulusi Local Municipality. 56

A number of restitution claims and redistribution applications have been submitted and is either

finalised or being processed by the land Claims Commissioner and the Department of Rural

Development and Land Reform. The largest number of properties in the district is privately owned

farm land, although a large number of Labour Tenant Applications have been submitted where farm

workers have been residing on farms where they work for a significant number of years.

5.1 State land The DRDLR is responsible for managing a number of properties registered in the name of either the

DRDLR or other government entities, within the uThungulu District Municipality.

Spatial data with regards to lease agreements on properties are not available, and will be

incorporated in later years as the information is digitised.

The below table provides a summary of properties that is registered in the name of the RSA or the

DRDLR. In total the DRDLR is managing 757 properties within the district, with an extent of

202,316.4624Ha.

Table 6: Extent of State Land

56

Zululand District – Draft Spatial Development Framework Oct 2013

Land Reform 63

Source: DRDLR

Map? On overleaf depicts the locality of the above 757 properties, with a complete property list

inclusive of property descriptions attached in Annexure ?.

As a percentage, state owned land covers 13.67% of the Zululand District Municipality, which have

rates implications on the Department.

A total of only 0.84% of the District has been developed and cannot be utilised for agrarian

transformation.

Municipality Number Area(Ha) Number Area(Ha) Number Area(Ha)

Abaqulusi LM 11 5 030.7466 69 22 757.7329 80 27 788.4795

eDumbe LM 18 6 722.6370 13 10549.98533 31 17 272.6223

uPhongolo LM 21 10 241.5317 130 122931.1525 151 133 172.6842

Nongoma LM 235 114.1979 0 0 235 114.1979

uLundi LM 254 23 109.5656 6 858.912969 260 23 968.4786

Zululand DM Total 539 45218.67879 218 157097.7836 757 202 316.4624

Municipality Municipal Area (Ha) Developed Area % of LM Area

Rural Area of

LM (Not

Developed)

Area of Stateland (Ha) % of LM Area

Abaqulusi LM 418 468.9200 5 125.9300 1.22 413 342.9900 27 788.4795 6.64

eDumbe LM 194 279.1800 1 570.2200 0.81 192 708.9600 17 272.6223 8.89

uPhongolo LM 218 241.3600 855.69 0.39 217 385.6700 133 172.6842 61.02

Nongoma LM 325 039.4900 3 576.6500 1.10 321 462.8400 114.1979 0.04

uLundi LM 323 949.4200 2 141.2800 0.66 321 808.1400 23 968.4786 7.40

Zululand DM Total 1479978.3700 12414.0800 0.84 1 466 708.6000 202 316.4624 13.67

DRDLR Properties RSA Properties Total

Developed Municipal Area Stateland as % of LM Area

Land Reform 64

5.2 DARD Projects Map ? attached overleaf, depicts the combined projects of Department of Agriculture and Rural

Development, as well as the various Branches of DRDLR.

The table below provides specific details on these projects.

Table 7: Details of DARD Projects in Amajuba DM

Map ID LocalM ProjectNam ProjectTyp Commodity

1 Edumbe Bambanani Coop Crop Production Maize and Dry beans

2 Edumbe Thembalihle Crop Production Maize and Dry beans

3 Edumbe Sukumani Crop Production Maize and Drybeans

4 Edumbe Zamukuzenzela Pig Production Piggery

5 Edumbe Qhubekani Crop Production Maize and dry beans

6 Abaqulusi Isolesizwe Goat production Goat

7 Abaqulusi Bhobozana Crop Production Maize and dry beans

8 Abaqulusi Mnyathi Crop Production Maize and dry beans

9 Abaqulusi Ubuhle Bokuzenzela Crop Production Maize and drybeans

10 Abaqulusi Zamisizwe Crop production Maize and dry beans

Land Reform 65

11 Abaqulusi Gluckstadt Crop production Maize and dry beans

12 Abaqulusi Bonisanani Crop production Maize and dry beans

13 Abaqulusi Sizamindlela Vegetables Production Vegetables

14 Nongoma Bululwane Vegetable Production Vegetables

15 Nongoma Fuduka Vegetable Production Vegetables

16 Nongoma Mampiyampiya Vegetable Production Vegetables

17 Edumbe Hlahlindlela Crop and vegetable production Vegetables

18 Nongoma Maphophoma Crop Production Maize and dry beans

19 Nongoma Senzakwenzeke Crop Production Maize and beans

20 Edumbe Mandakane Crop Production Maize and dry beans

21 uPhongolo Mgulatshani Co-operative Grain Production Maize

22 uPhongolo Fuduka grain project Grain Production Maize

23 uPhongolo Mbongombongo Communal Estate Crop Production Maize

24 uPhongolo Impiloyethu Communal Estate Crop Production Maize and beans

25 Abaqulusi Hlanganani Livestock Prodduction Stock watering dam

26 Abaqulusi Xamu Livestock Production Stock watering dam

27 Ulundi Ekushumayeleni (Cont) Cropping Crop

28 Abaqulusi Gluckstadt (Cont) Cropping Crop

29 Abaqulusi Macosha (New) Cropping Crop

30 Abaqulusi Mbhudula (new) Veld management N/A

31 Abaqulusi Ekuhlengeni (new) Cropping Crop

32 Abaqulusi Kwa Maduna Cropping Crop

Source: DRDLR / DARD 2016

In summary DARD has 32 projects registered within the Amajuba DM, with the distribution and

commodities per Local Municipality summarised in the table below.

Table 8: Summary of DARD Projects/LM in uThungulu DM

LM Projects Department Commodities

aBaqulusi LM

15 DARD Crops: Maize and dry beans

Goat Production

Livestock Production: Stock Watering Dam

Vegetables

eDumbe 7 DARD Crops: Maize and dry beans

Vegetables

Livestock Production: Piggery

Ulundi 1 DARD Cropping

Nongoma 5 DARD Vegetables

Crops: Maize and dry beans


Land Reform 66

5.3 DRDLR Projects (RID / REID) The below table depicts the projects being implemented by the Rural Enterprise & Industry

Development Branch (REID). In summary the projects are distributed throughout the District as

follows:

Abaqulusi - 8

Nongoma – 5

Ulundi - 3

UPhongolo - 2

Please refer to Map ?: DRDLR & DARD Projects, attached overleaf for a depiction of the spatial

locality of these projects.

Table 9: REID Projects – Zululand DM

Project Name Map ID Municipality Status Project Type Ward X y

Lulisandla Farming Co-operative

3 Abaqulusi Active Piggery 6 31.0425228 -27.6840109

Intshenteka (MpumeleloYesizwe) Cropfield

4 Abaqulusi Active Crops 7 30.9375819 -27.6670401

Ibhodwe 8 Abaqulusi TBC TBC TBC 31.0845057 -28.0056536

Lutheran Church 11 Abaqulusi TBC TBC 5 31.0514526 -27.8250183

Izinyembe Crop Field 15 Abaqulusi TBC TBC 5 30.9668305 -27.7809069

Aggripara 16 Abaqulusi TBC TBC 5 30.9497220 -27.7658120

Lulisanda Piggery 17 Abaqulusi TBC TBC 6 31.0487516 -27.6809813

Igalelo Poultry 18 Abaqulusi TBC TBC 5 31.1018654 -27.8106144

Phindithemba Goat 2 Nongoma Planned Goats 1 31.9289044 -27.6593780

Land Reform 67

production Co-operative

Ikhayalemvelo Primary Co-operative limited

5 Nongoma Active Crops 17 31.5523235 -27.8313207

Bululwane Irrigation Scheme 7 Nongoma Active Crops 15 31.5045880 -27.9848681

Ntshenteka Crop Field 9 Nongoma TBC TBC TBC 31.9481086 -27.6716960

Ovukeni 13 Nongoma TBC TBC TBC 31.7095226 -28.0248690

Ekudubekeni Crop Fields 6 Ulundi Planned Crops 9 31.4131621 -28.2149978

Ekudubekeni 2 12 Ulundi TBC TBC TBC 31.4133511 -28.2112195

Ekudubekeni Crop Fields 14 Ulundi TBC TBC TBC 31.5834811 -28.2121087

Siyakhathamela Community Agriculture Co-operative

1 UPhongolo Active Nut Production 14 31.7406380 -27.6453886

Thekwane 10 Uphongolo TBC TBC TBC 31.0883602 -27.5333416


The below table depicts the projects being implemented by the Rural Infrastructure Development

Branch (RID).

In summary the projects are distributed throughout the District as follows:

Abaqulusi - 8

Nongoma – 1 Table 10: RID Projects – uMzinyathi DM

Project Name Map ID LM Status Project Type

Ward X y

Idlebe-Fencing 19 Nongoma TBC TBC TBC 31.3177880 -28.1345637

Abaqulusi_Hlahlindlela_Fancing 20 Abaqulusi TBC TBC TBC 30.6689355 -28.0689011

Abaqulusi_Hlahlindlela_Fancing 21 Abaqulusi TBC TBC TBC 30.7389267 -28.0575512


Please refer to Map ?: DRDLR & DARD Projects, attached overleaf for a depiction of the spatial

locality of these projects.

Land Reform 68

5.4 Land Reform Projects (Redistribution) The tables below outlines the extent to which Land Reform have been implemented within the

District. Map? : ?? attached overleaf shows the spatial distribution of these projects. Further a

complete list of all properties with ID’s that links to the mentioned map, is attached as Annexure ?:

Land Reform Projects. Within this District, only three Municipalities have land Reform Projects.

These Municipalities Are:

Hlabisa LM

Jozini LM

Mtubatuba LM Table 11: Land Reform Projects Summary – Abaqulusi LM

Local Municipality: Legal Entities: Total Properties: Total Area Transfered (Ha) Municipal Area (Ha) % of LM Transferred

aBaqulusi LM 79 255 110 592 418 468.92 26.43

LEGAL ENTITIES ESTABLISHED

Abaqulusi Municipality

Allandale Community Trust

Alpha Communal Property Association

Amanzi Amhlophe CPA

Bambanani Elim CPA

Bethel CPA

Inkululeko CPA

Intuthuko Community Trust

Kewulane Property Trust

Khambi Development Trust

Khambi Zulu DEV TRUST

Shayelweni Community Trust

Sibusisiwe Community Trust

Sinqobile CPA

Siphumelele Community Property Trust

Land Reform 69

Carlsbad

Dlomodlomo CPA

Driekwart CPA

Ekuhlengeni

Ekuphakameni Community Trust

Ekuthuleni Community Trust

Ekuvukeni CPA

Empangisweni Trust

Enkanyisweni

Esihlengeni Trust

Ezinkalweni Community Trust

Fisokuhle Community Trust

Godogodo Community Trust

Hlalakamunandi Trust

Hlanganani CPA

Hlangwane Community Trust

Hlatshwayo.M.A

Igalelo Community Trust

Ikhayalethu Community Trust

Impumelelo Yesizwe CPA

Inhlanhleni Trust

Khethukuthula

KwaGuzindoda Land Trust

Kwamagwanyana Property Trust

Kwamahlasela CPA

Kwaqalukuphumla CPA

Kwastanella Community Trust

Kwavilakazi CPA

KwaXamu Community Land Trust

Lindizwe CPA

Magijimane Community Trust

Mahlabaneni CPA

Makwetshane CPA

Mbhudula Community Land Trust

Mgwabalanda CPA

ML & BN Sangweni

Mqobhozi CPA

Nhlangwini CPA

Nyakaza CPA

Oholeni Community Land Trust

RSA

Sakha Isizwe Community Trust

Siyakula CPA

Siyaphambili Ngema CPA

Siyazama CPA

Siza Uzulu CPA

Sizama Indlela Entsha Communal Property Associatio

Tembitshe Buthelezi Property Trust

Thobelani CPA

Thokazi Trust

Thuthukani Baqulusi CPA

Trifeca Trust

Ubumba CPA

Ukukhanya Development Trust

Ukukhaya KwaSemvuzini Co-Operative Ltd

Unknown

Vukuzenzele Community Trust

Vukuzenzele CPA

Vumani CPA

Zama Uthando CPA

Zamokuhle CPA

Zamukhuhle CPA

Zibuseni CPA

Zizameleni CPA

Source: DRDLR

Table 12: Land Reform Projects Summary – eDumbe LM


eDumbe LM 15 48 18 964 194 279.18 9.76


Bekezelani CPA

Bilanyoni Community Trust

Enkanyezini CPA

Ethembeni Smandla Co-operative Limited

Hlanganani CPA

Imbambasi CPA

Inzalo Yabaqulusi CPA

Kusekungobeni CPA

Mkhuthali Trust

Mlindaziko Community Trust

RSA

Tholwethu CPA

Umthashane CPA

uZulu Akafuni Ukusuka CPA

Vulamehlo CPA

Source: DRDLR

Table 13: Land Reform Projects Summary – uLundi LM

Land Reform 70


uLundi LM 17 33 18 079 325 039.49 5.56


Egoda CPA

Ekuphumuleni CPA

Emhlwaneni CPA

Indlovane CPA

Masibumbane CPA

Ngqwangane Community Trust

Ngqwangane Community Trust

Nobamba-Katazo CPA

RSA

Rufvest Inv 108 cc

Siyathuthuka Community

Sizakancane Property Trust

Thembalihle Two CPA

Tholulwazi CPA

Umuzi kaMabaso Trust

Unknown

Zwelethu CPA

Source: DRDLR

Table 14: Land Reform Projects Summary – Mtubatuba LM


uPhongolo LM 20 117 15 943 323 949.42 4.92


Baqulusini CPA

Bernida Nkosi Community Trust

DLA

Dlamini NI

Ekuthuleni Community Trust

Ethembeni CPA

Inqaba Kutholwa Parys Farm Community Land Trust

Jacob Masuku Farming Pty Ltd

Maxshell Farming Entreprise Pty Ltd

Meriba Property & Development Trust

Mhlabaneni Community Trust

Nhlwana Buthelezi Development Trust

Obambiswaneni CPA

Osizweni Community Trust

RSA

Sibonelo CPA

Siphumelele Sotobe CPA

Siyazizamela CPA

Thekwane Community Trust

Uthovane CPA

Source: DRDLR

5.4.1 Summary The table below summarises the total area (ha) that has been subjected to Land Reform

Programmes. A total of 0.25% of the District has been transferred to Land Reform Beneficiaries.

Land Reform 71

Table 15: Land Reform Projects Summary – uMkhanyakude DM

Local Municipality: aBaqulusi LM eDumbe LM Nongoma LM

uLundi LM uPhongolo LM Zululand DM

Legal Entities: 79 15 0 17 20 131

Total Properties: 255 48 0 33 117 453

Total Area Transferred (Ha)

110 592.0000 18 964.0000 0 18 079.0000 15 943.0000 163 578.0000

Municipal Area (Ha)

418 468.92 194 279.18 218 241.36 325 039.49 323 949.42 1 479 978.37

% of LM Transferred

26.43 9.76 0.00 5.56 4.92 11.05

Area Already Developed (Ha)

5 125.93 1 570.22 855.69 3 576.65 2 141.28 12 414.08

Remaining Transferable Area (Ha)

302 750.99 173 744.96 217 385.67 303 383.84 305 865.14 1 303 130.60

Source: DRDLR

With regards to the number of Programmes per Municipality the following programmes are

implemented within the various municipalities.

Table 16: Land Reform Projects Summary – uMzinyathi DM

Programme Abaqulusi LM

eDumbe LM

Nongoma LM

uLundi LM uPhongolo LM

Total

Strategic Land acquisition Grant (SLAG)

61 22 0 9 13 105

Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development (LRAD)

92 0 0 11 90 193

Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy (PLAS)

70 9 0 4 12 95

LRAD/SLAG 0 0 0 0 0 0

Undefined 1 0 0 0 0 1

Land Reform 72

5.5 Recapitalisation Projects: The Recapitalisation programme provides financial support to farmers as capital inputs into the

farms. There is much overlap with other Land Reform Programmes / Projects, as this programme is

applicable only to Land Reform Projects, and does not identify separate farmers / properties to

assist.

The uMkhanyakude DM has a total of 17 Recapitalisation Projects. Although a Complete list of the

Projects are attached as Annexure ?: Recap Projects.

Table 17: Recapitalisation Projects – uMkhanyakude DM

Municipality Number of Projects Number of Properties Area (Ha)

Abaqulusi LM 6 18 13958.8600

eDumbe LM 1 2 771.0439

Nongoma LM 0 0 0

uLundi LM 1 1 1727.2003

uPhongolo LM 4 85 1803.3513

Source: DRDLR

Further please refer to Map ?: Recap Projects attached overleaf for a depiction of the locality of

these projects.

SECTION FIVE – SECTOR SPECIFIC ANALYSIS AND VALUE CHAIN 73

5.6 Extras

The following types of land ownership have been identified to create a full picture of State Land within KwaZulu-Natal:

• RSA – All • RSA within Conservation Areas • Nature Conservation Areas • Provincial State Land • Parastatal Land • DRDLR Land • PLAS farms • ITB Traditional Land • Non-ITB Traditional Land • Unsurveyed State Land (including surveyed but not registered) • Urban Built-up Areas shown to orientate viewers

6 SECTION FIVE – SECTOR SPECIFIC ANALYSIS AND VALUE CHAIN The total contribution to GVA of the Agricultural, forestry and fisheries industry declined from 69%

to 55%, thus shrinking over the 1995 and 2013 periods. However, in monetary terms it grew from

R607 million to R1.863 billion. The agricultural activity contributed to this GVA production is

undertaken by agricultural households predominantly in Nongoma (56%), and Ulundi (51%), and

eDumbe (51%) local municipalities. The other municipalities in the district are not mainly comprised

of agricultural households. This is depicted in the charts below.


FIGURE 20: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY AND BY AGE COHORTS

Source: ??

FIGURE 21: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE GROUP

Source: ??

The table below relates population to agricultural household activity since agriculture is a food

security issue and is targeted at the sustainability of human populations. It can be inferred that

generally deeply rural areas constitute higher proportions of agricultural households e.g. Nongoma,

16 838

19 109 17 936

11 545

8 206

26 462

15 232 17 262

17 226

7 932

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Abaqulusi Nongoma Ulundi Uphongolo eDumbe

Nu

mb

er

of

ho

useh

old

s

Geography

Number of Households by LM

Household not involved in agriculturalactivities

Household involved in agricultural activities

153 216 159 123 82

2 355 2 076 2 002

1 816 1 139

3 153

3 407 3 172

2 354 1 561

4 041

4 352 4 481

2 636 1 947

3 319

3 930 3 585

1 967 1 488

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Nu

mb

er

of

ag

ric

ult

ura

l h

ou

se

ho

lds

Geography

Number of Agricultural Households by Age Group of Household Head

+65

56-64

46-55

35-45

15-34

Less than 15


Ulundi and eDumbe LM. This does have a possible implication on traditional agriculture and its

potential to grow into a sustainable livelihood activity closer to population growth and urban

centres.

TABLE 18: POPULATION & AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD COMPARISON

Local Municipality Population contribution to district

Agricultural household contribution to DM

Abaqulusi 26% 39% Nongoma 24% 56% Ulundi 23% 51% Uphongolo 16% 40% eDumbe 10% 51%

Source: Statistics South Africa

The low level of educational attainment in the district and its attendant local municipalities is

evident in the high proportion of agricultural household heads with no schooling averaging 35% in

the district. This does influence the need to enable and enhance traditional agriculture in its

subsistence form, as it is the highest absorber of low level skilled populations. This perspective is

deduced from the figure below.

FIGURE 22: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY EDUCATION LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD

Source: ??

The ability of households to generate sustainable livelihoods is integral to their sustainability and

does have food security implications given the ability of households to generate income. In respect

to agricultural households, determining the intensity and scale in which they will engage in

agricultural activity and its potential to enhance food security, is founded on its potential to provide

a decent living wage to cater for the household basic needs. Generally, most of the agricultural

households are in the “no income” and income band of “R1-R 38 400” per annum (averaging 89%).

This provides ample evidence that most of the households engage in subsistence agriculture and

could be potential areas of poverty nodes throughout the respective local municipalities of the

district.

5 344 6 940 6 725 4 115 2 768

8 762 9 586 8 429 5 627 4 374

1 949 2 011 2 055 1 317 804 757 556 716 475 255

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Abaqulusi Nongoma Ulundi Uphongolo eDumbeNu

mb

er

of

ag

ric

ult

ura

l h

ou

se

ho

lds

Geography

Number of Agricultural Households by education level of household head

Other

Completed tertiary

Grade 12/Std 10

Grade 1 to grade 11/Std9

No schooling


FIGURE 23: AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD BY INCOME LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD

Source: ??

The type of agricultural activity driving the incomes of these agricultural households is noted in the

figure below. It shows the dominance of certain agricultural activities by the respective local

municipalities. This includes:

Abaqulusi LM- Poultry production (32%), vegetable production (30%), livestock production (24%),

production of other crops (9%), and fodder grazing (2%);

Nongoma LM- Poultry production (38%), livestock production (37%), vegetable production (19%),


Ulundi LM- Poultry production (35%), livestock production (35%), vegetable production (22%),


Uphongolo LM- Poultry production (37%), vegetable production (23%), livestock production (22%),

production of other crops (11%), and fodder grazing (3%); and

eDumbe LM- Poultry production (34%), Vegetable production (26%), livestock production (24%),

production of other crops (12%), and fodder grazing (2%).

This perspective is illustrated in the figure below. The figure shows that most (87%) of the

agricultural activity is in poultry production, livestock production and vegetable production in the

district.

5 212 5 679 4 569

3 994 2 810

9 790 11 957

11 400

6 390 4 733

1 288 994

1 322 865 415

378 409 480 201 191

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Ag

ricu

ltu

ral

ho

useh

old

s

Geography

Agricultural household by income level of household head

Unspecified

Above R1 228 800

R307 201-R1 228 800

R38 401-R307 200

R1-R38 400

No income


:

FIGURE 24: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY

Source: ??

FIGURE 25: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE

Source: ??

6 285

11 715 10 375

4 348 3 475

8 239

11 822

10 301

7 312 4 822

7 800

5 889

6 520

4 488 3 764

2 239

1 267 2 076

2 096

1 655

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Nu

mb

er

of

ag

ricu

ltu

ral

ho

useh

old

s

Geography

Number of agricultural households involved in specific agriculural activity

Other

Fodder grazing

Production of other crops

Vegetable production

Poultry production

Livestock production

7 568 3 462

5 766

12 246 10 415

5 030

1 943

2 381

1 972 2 717

3 870 2 682 3 133

4 659 4 662

369 120 265 232 141

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Abaqulusi eDumbe Uphongolo Nongoma Ulundi

Nu

mb

er

of

ag

ricu

ltu

ral

ho

useh

old

s

Geography

Number of agricultural households by type of activity

Other

Mixed farming

Crops only

Animals only


Livestock production being the predominant agricultural activity by households in the district shows

that when decomposed to specific types of livestock activity, poultry production (averages 64%

across the district) is the most dominant form. This is depicted in the figure below.

FIGURE 26: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS OWNING LIVESTOCK

Source: ??

Cattle production by scale in the district is mainly at subsistence level in the district. However,

commercial cattle production is marginal in eDumbe and Abaqulusi local municipalities. Sheep

production is also mainly at subsistence level across the district. Commercial production is mainly in

eDumbe local municipality, with smallholder production evident in the other local municipalities.

1 413 551 488

1 663 1 343

30 10

3

45 27

36 32

47

27 20

3 306 1 631 3 337

3 934 3 283

2 568 1 165 1 656

5 774 4 900

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Abaqulusi eDumbe Uphongolo Nongoma Ulundi

Nu

mb

er

of

livesto

ck

Geography

Number of agricultural households owning livestock only

Other livestock

Aimal combina

Poultry only

Pigs only

Goats only

Sheep only

Cattle only


FIGURE 27: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS OWNING CATTLE BY SCALE

Source: ??

FIGURE 28: NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL OWNING SHEEP BY SCALE

Source: ??

3 755 7 064 5 906

1 998 2 033

1 245

1 712 1 518 719

755

68 16 30 16 60

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Nu

mb

er

of

ag

ricu

ltu

ral

ho

useh

old

s

Geography

Number of agricultural households owning cattle by scale of operation

+100

11-100

1-10

562 497 450 129

95

227 208 204 37

61

16 11 16 6 23

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Nu

mb

er

of

ag

ricu

ltu

ral

ho

useh

old

s

Geography

Number of agricultural households owning sheep by scale

+100

11-100

1-10


FIGURE 29: GOAT PRODUCTION BY SCALE

Source: ??

Water access and reticulation to agricultural households is central to enabling and enhancing

agricultural activity and scale. Water reticulation is best provisioned generally in Abaqulusi local

municipality, mainly driven by having piped water inside the dwelling/ yard. This could explain its

higher level of vegetable production by its agricultural households. The source of water for most

agricultural households is through a regional water scheme (operated by a water service authority),

except in the case of Nongoma where it is a river/ stream. This has obvious implication on water

availability and impacts on potential of agricultural activity by households. This is depicted in the

figures below.

1 303 4 861

4 114

1 424 635

376 1 545

1 895

442 204

9 15 12 5 7

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Nu

mb

er

of

ag

ricu

ltu

ral

ho

useh

old

s

Geography

Number of agricultural households owning goats by scale

+100

11-100

1-10


FIGURE 30: WATER SOURCE BY AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS

Source: ??

Key learnings from the data include:

The district is mainly rural with little urbanisation thereby impacting negatively on distance to market

for agricultural products;

Agricultural households mainly undertake subsistence farming;

Key challenges to agricultural development by households includes:

o Land tenure mainly in the form of traditional authority ownership that has certain

implications in land use and access by households

o Security of tenure of land is inhibited by land tenure mechanisms, due to absence of title

deeds that could stimulate investment on the land for agriculture by the private sector;

and

o Water scarcity and energy impact on the potential for agro processing as they are critical

inputs to operations.

These challenges in agricultural production have necessitated interventions and initiatives by

government at various spheres. These initiatives are depicted in the following tables.

9 558

3 789

7 403 4 878 3 180

2 215

2 737

1 628 1 313

1 080

682

1 253

559

488 330

439

231

135 61

814

2 212

762

637

204

2 020

7 556 5 669

3 013

2 238

575 530

875 481 809

854 592 809 599 304

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Nu

mb

er

of

ag

ric

ult

ura

l h

ou

se

ho

lds

Geography

Number of agricultural households by main source of water

Other

Water tanker

River/stream

Dam / pool / stagnant water

Rain-water tank

Spring

Borehole

Regional/local water scheme (operated bya Water Service Authority or provider)


5.1 Agricultural Value Chains 6.1.1 Vegetables Value Chain Vegetable production is mainly undertaken through irrigation; hence need to have a constant water

source and access. Irrigation is therefore possible in the valley bushveld of the two Umfolozi and

Phongola river valleys. Vegetable production is thus suitable with potential for potatoes in Abaqulusi

local municipality to the north of Gluckstadt, and north of Vryheid town. eDumbe local municipality also

has high potential for potato growing. Dry bean production can also be done in Abaqulusi and eDumbe

local municipality in the same geographies as potato production. The value chain of vegetables is

depicted in the figure below.

FIGURE 31: VEGETABLE VALUE CHAIN

Source: © NDA Department of Agriculture Programmes

Key issues in vegetable production include:

Soil fertility and correct nutrient balance are integral to successful production of the land. However,

subsistence and smallholder producers land has low soil fertility mainly due to inadequate

application of fertiliser as a result of unaffordability;

Communal lands that are not fenced and which are under crop farmers are challenged in the control

of livestock away from their crops; hence undergo losses in production potential and viability in

crop/ vegetable farming;

Product standards catering to the size, shape, colour, and minimum residue levels of the fruit and

vegetable impacts on one’s accessibility to market (processors);


Process standards that incorporate audits from possible markets (supermarkets, packhouses) to

ensure compliance to standards such as GlobalGAP that also offer access to export opportunities

for producers and processors; and

Social standards referring to compliance to labour and social regulation e.g. BEE, hence these social

codes include a higher cost of compliance that contributes to costs of production.57

6.1.2 Sugarcane Value Chain The district has the famed Illovo sugar mill in the uPhongola Municipality. Commercial production is

through irrigation with the construction of Paris dam. Smallholder sugar production for emerging

farmers is also being promoted. The sugarcane value chain is illustrated below.

57

http://www.capturingthegains.org/pdf/ctg-wp-2012-12.pdf


FIGURE 32: SUGARCANE VALUE CHAIN

Source: DAFF Sugarcane Value Chain 2013

Key challenges facing the sugar industry include:

Decline in tariff protection from sugar imports in the Southern African Customs Union has seen a

surge in sugar imports;

Lock out of South Africa from preferential access to EU markets locks out opportunities for sugar

exports;

SADC Trade Protocol allows countries such as Swaziland preferential access on duty free quota into

the local market, thereby taking away some market share from local players;

Land tenure uncertainty due to pending land claims, puts anxiety in investors, in making investments

in sugarcane and sugar production. This is leading to declining yields, capacity utilisation and

production capacity;

Government support and subsidies by competing sugar producing countries with access to the South

African market has further taken away market share from local producers in downstream sugar

based products such as value added sugar/ dairy products such as confectionaries; and


Proposed increase in rentals for industry leases at the Durban Port further increase costs of

production in light of increased global competition in the local sugar industry.58

6.1.3 Beef Value Chain Beef production in Uphongolo local municipality is being replaced by game farming. Communal cattle

rearing is practised in Nongoma and Abaqulusi local municipalities. Agricultural statistics on livestock

production in the district show a big proportion of agricultural households as subsistence livestock

farmers. The key issue among subsistence livestock farmers is veld management that influences the

carrying capacity of the land for livestock grazing. Good quality veld is thus a balance between

undergazing and overgrazing. The key problem in the district is undergrazing especially when

considering livestock breeds that feed between grazers and browsers. The beef value chain is illustrated

below.

FIGURE 33: BEEF VALUE CHAIN

Source: DAFF Beef Value Chain 2013

Key issues impacting the beef value chain are:

Genetics are inferior among the emerging farmers who are either beneficiaries of land reform

programmes (cattle are a hybrid of exotic and indigenous breeds) and communal livestock

farmers (indigenous breeds) which have a longer throughput and time to market with associated

costs of production;

58

Ibid


Industry is increasingly consolidating and vertically integrated through feedlots with associated

abattoirs. This places increasing standards on market access that are formalising the value chain

and may lock out smaller emerging farmers;

Rising cost of beef, has seen white meat, that is chicken, become the cheapest form of animal protein

due to improved genetics that have reduced its costs of production on the last 40 years. This has

impacted on beef market growth negatively;

Health concerns aligned to growing consumerism have seen the increased marketing of white meat

as a healthier source of protein in efforts to mitigate and manage lifestyle diseases inflicting the

growing urban populations;

Water access and reticulation as livestock production and processing relies heavily on water;

Land care challenges especially with regard to veld management that is caused by invasion of alien

species, overgrazing in communal lands etc. negatively impact on the carrying capacity of land;

and

Land tenure systems on land use and management such as communal grazing impact on the level of

investment that can be made by emerging farmers in beef production.

6.1.4 Pig Value Chain Pork production is derived from pig rearing. The figure below documents the pig value chain.

FIGURE 34: PIG VALUE CHAIN

Source: DAFF Pork Value Chain 2013

Factors determining the development of the value chain include:

genetics which have a big influence on throughput of the piggery and associated target given the

quality of pork required;


competition from imports impacts negatively on the optimal growth of the sector due to costs of

production variances attributable to feedstock commodity prices;

health and safety issues which are heavily impacted by animal husbandry and which are key factors

for market entry in formalised value chains, conducted through farm audits;

standards from end market perspectives influenced on the value chain impact on the costs of

production and market entry; and

phytosanitary issues and mitigation of illnesses such as swine fever that can knock production of the

industry as a whole on outbreak.

6.1.5 Maize Value Chain Maize production is undertaken on a large scale in the district. The north western part of the district,

encompassing Abaqulusi and eDumbe local municipalities have the highest potential for maize

production. Limited potential exists in Ulundi local municipality and mostly throughout the traditional

authority land. The maize value chain is depicted below.

FIGURE 35: MAIZE VALUE CHAIN

Source: DAFF Maize Value Chain 2013

Aspects defining the development of the value chain include:

Bulk infrastructure entailing roads and access to strategically located silos negatively impacts on post-

harvest losses thereby reducing farmer income from the activity;

Globalisation and trade liberalisation has also seen the increased imports of GMO maize into the

country. This could threaten the optimal development of the local industry; and

There is increased vertical integration especially with regard to owners of silos, and these impact on

aspects to do with industry competition and price pressures on farmers.


The analysis and identification of appropriate value chains in the district shows that subsistence farmers

face big hurdles in enabling the growth of their agricultural activities into smallholder farmers. This is

due to:

Land tenure systems that impact on land use management that does not offer security of tenure to

would-be aspiring subsistence farmers to grow their agricultural activity and access finance due to

lack of security of tenure on the land;

Evolving globalisation and consolidation of commodity value chains due to standards, legislations,

and complimentary trading agreements and economic partnerships agreements, result in

increased formalisation of value chains where economies of scale and scope grow exponentially;

and

Water scarcity, reticulation, and access to sources impact on the scale and level of agricultural

activity, as emerging farmers remain heavily reliant on rain fed agriculture.

The aforementioned analysis of the district has shown its rural bias with key economic activity confined

to agriculture, mining, and tourism. Of these, agriculture offers the best option to revive these rural

economies due to the low educational attainment of the local population, huge unutilised land with

potential for various forms of agricultural activity, and offers food security and sustainable livelihoods. It

also offers economies of scope in agro-processing. In line with these developments, rural economic

transformation had thus been designated by government to be propelled through Agrarian

Transformation incorporating:

Meeting basic human needs;

Rural enterprise development;

Agro-village industries anchored by credit facilities and value chain markets; and

Improved land tenure systems.

6.1.6 Current Agricultural Projects by Local Municipality The table below outline various agricultural projects proposed for Zululand DM.

TABLE 19: UPHONGOLO LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

local area programme project/farm name

project type

commodity project activity

category of farmer/s

land ownership

Mbongombongo Comm, Estate

Mbongombongo Communal Estate

Crop Production

Maize Supply production inputs

Smallholder Communal

Belgrade Comm Estate

Impiloyethu Communal Estate

Crop Production


Smallholder communal

Ntumbane Comm. Estate

Mgulatshani Co-operative

Grain production


Smallholder Communal

TABLE 20: EDUMBE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

LOCAL AREA

Strategic Pillar /

PROJECT/FARM

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Category of farmer/s

Land ownership


Programme

NAME

Mpheku River Valley Hlahlindlela Crop & vegetable production

Vegetable Installation of 100ha Flood irrigation production inputs

Subsistance Communal

Mandakane Communal Estate

Mandakane Crop Production



Ekushumayeleni LandCare Ekushumayeleni (Cont)

Cropping installation of irrigation &alien plant control


TABLE 21: ULUNDI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

LOCAL AREA

Strategic Pillar / Programme

PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


Land ownership

Dlebe Comm Estate

Mbambankunzi

CP* Maize Production Inputs of 200ha

Sub***** Comm****

KwaCeza Comm Estate

Inhlendlana CP* Maize Production Inputs of 200ha

Sub***** Comm****

Dlebe River Valley

Dlebe Irrigation

CP* Vegetables Installation of 20ha irrigation system & production inputs

Sub***** River Valley

Babanango

Land Reform

Mcakwini Trust

CP* Maize Production Inputs of 200ha

Comm****

Land Reform

Nhlazatshe

Comm Estate

BEE Goodluck CP* Maize Supply production inputs

Sub***** Comm****

Ndindindi LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****

Langakazi LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****

LOCAL AREA

Strategic Pillar /

PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIE

Category of

Land ownershi


Programme

S farmer/s p

Othini LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****

Madaka LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****

Mbekuzweni LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****


Comm****


Comm****

Wela LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****

Ntabankulu LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****

Etsheni LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****

Mayiwane LP** SWD*** Scooping of dam

Comm****

TABLE 22: ABAQULUSI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

LOCAL AREA


PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


Land ownership

Othaka Communal

Ngenetsheni Crop Production

Maize Production Inputs of 200ha

Subsistance

Communal

LOCAL AREA


PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


Land ownership

Isolesizwe Communal

Isolesizwe Goat production

Goat Construction of goat shed, 200 goats

Subsistance

Communal

Emadanyini

Communal

Emadanyini Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal

Bhobozana

Communal

Bhobozana Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal

Mnyathi Communal

Mnyathi Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal


Machanca Communal

Machanca Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal

Ubuhle bokuzenzela

Communal

Ubuhle Bokuzenzela

Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal

Zamisizwe Communal

Zamisizwe Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal

Gluckstadt Communal

Gluckstadt Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal

Bonisanani

Communal

Bonisanani Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal

Nhlendlane

Communal

Nhlendlane Crop Production


Subsistance

Communal

LOCAL AREA


PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIES


Land ownership

Alpha River Valley

Sizamindlela Vegetable production

Vegetable Installation of 20ha irrigation system & production inputs

Subsistance

Land reform

Macosha Land Reform

Macosha Vegetable Production

Vegetable Centre pivot for 5oha , pump, pipes &production inputs*

commercial

Land reform

Hlanganani Livestock Production

Stock watering dam

Scooping of dam

communal

Xamu Livestock Production

Stock watering dam

Scooping of dam

communal

Oqweqwe Livestock Production

Stock watering dam

Scooping of dam

communal


Glucksdat LandCare Gluckstadt (Cont)

Cropping Conclusion of de-stumping and conservation structures

Subsistance

CPA

Emswahweni

LandCare Macosha(new) Cropping Land reform project, alien plant control, fencing

Subsistance

CPA

Mbhudula LandCare Mbhudula(new)

Veld management

Improve grazing potential

Subsistance

Communal

Ekuhlengeini

LandCare Ekuhlengeni(new)

Cropping Fencing, Subsistance

CPA

TABLE 23: LIST OF OTHER KEY PROJECTS

No. Project Name Project Location Project Description

1 Ingadlangadla farming enterprise

Louwsburg The farm size is 1118ha in extent and specialise in mixed farming- Livestock, vegetables and grains

2 Thelezini Communal Estate Thelezini The farm size is 233ha in extent and specialise on Crop Production- Grains

3 Nceceni Communal Estate Nceceni The farm size is 170 ha in extent and specialise in crop production - grains

4 Cibilili Communal Estate Cibilili The farm size is 140ha in extent and specialise in crop production - grains

5 Empangisweni Communal Estate

Empangisweni The farm size is 950 ha in extent and specialises in crop production - grains

6 Mzuzini Communal Estate Hlahlindlela The farm size is 300ha and specialises in crop production - -grains

7 Vimbindlala Communal Estate

Isigodini The farm size in 300ha and specialises in crop production - grains

8 Makwabe Communal Estate

Ezungwini The farm size is 150 ha in extent and specialises in crop production - grains

9 Imvula Vaalbank The Project specialises in Egg production - 3000 layers

10 Bonisanani Thelezini The project specialises in Pig


production - 300 sow unit

11 Sonkophe Kwa Vilikazi The project specialises in broiler production - 5000 broiler units

12 Uluntu co op Zaailagte The project specialises in Pig production - 300 sow unit

13 Black horses primary co-op Dagbreek Livestock production - 100 cow herd

14 Ukukhanya KwaseMvuzini Mshomoloza The project specialises in broiler production 30000 broiler unit

15 Empangisweni Irrigation Empangisweni The farm size is 500ha and specialises in vegetable & fruit production

16 Ngwenya Othini The Project specialises in Egg production - 3000 layers

17 HH Mthimkhulu Babanango The farm size is 45 ha and specialises in grain production

18 PW Mbokazi Denny Dalton The project specialises in Vegetable production

19 Mlindaziko Communal Estate

Mlindaziko The farm size in 250 and specialises in crop Production - grains

20 Fuduka grain project Fuduka The farm size is 200ha and specialises in grain production - maize & dry beans

21 Eziduluni Ezidulini The farm specialise in goat production

22 Sizamindlela Alpha The farm size is 30 ha and specialise in vegetable production

23 Bhadeni Communal Estate Mshalane, The farm size is 200ha and specialises in grain production

24 Mankumbu Ophuzane The farm size is 112 ha and specialises in crop production

25 Zamukuzenzela Piggery Mahloni The project specialises in pig production - 50 sow unit

26 KwaCeza Communal Estate KwaCeza The farm size is 300ha and specialses in grain production

27 Ezweni Co-operative KwaMphothi The farm size is 450 ha and specialises in goat production

28 Nkombabantu Communal Estate

Nkonjeni 100ha farm specialising in grain production

29 Good Luck Communal Estate

Nhlazatshe The farm size is 150 ha in extent and specialises in crop production - grains

30 Mbambankuzi Communal Estate

Dlebe The farm size is 250 ha and specialises in crop production - grains

31 Nondayana Communal Estate

KwaCeza The farm size is 300 ha and specailises in crop production -grains


32 Zilungiselele Communal Co-operative

Mabedlana The farm size is 110 ha and specialises in crop production -grains

33 Siyazisiza Cooperative Communal Estate

Ezibindini The farm size is 140ha in extent and specialise in crop production - grains

34 Ikusasalethu poutry project Godlwayo The farm specialses in egg production - 3000 layers

35 Delangokubona poultry project

Khiphinyawo The farm specialise in broiler production - 6000 birds

36 Ekuvukeni Communal Estate

Ekuvukeni The farm size is 150 ha in extent and specialises in crop production - grains

37 Ngolotshe Ngolotshe The farm specialses in goat production - 100 goats

38 KwaMajomela Communal Estate

KwaMajomela The farm size is 200 ha and specialises in grain production - grains

39 Kombuzi Aloe processing project

Kombuzi The farm size is 50ha and specialises in Aloe juice processing

40 Maphophoma Maphophoma The farm size is 300 ha and specailises in crop production -grains

41 Ensimbini Ensimbini The farm size is 80 ha and specialises in grain production

42 Ezilonyeni Ezilonyeni The farm measures 150 ha and specialises in grain production

43 eMakhosini – The Valley of Kings

Ulundi The eMakhosini Valley lies just outside of Ulundi and has huge potential for tourism development as it is the birthplace of the Zulu Nation and incorporates some of the richest historical sites in Africa, wildlife and living cultures.

44 Events Connected to the Royal Palace

Nongoma The Mona Market held in the third week of each month outside Nongoma

45 eMakhosini Heritage Park combined game reserve and heritage park in Africa has all the criteria for selection as a World Heritage Site

46 Ithala Game Reserve Magudu and uPhongolo,

47 Abaqalusi (Vryheid) Cultural Village

Vryheid It is on the main access road to Vryheid from Ulundi, it is close to the town and there are eco-tourism and cultural developments next door and across the road at iMpofini Game Reserve and at the Inkomana Catholic Abbey and School.

48 Thaka Zulu Private Game Vryheid Taka Zulu, situated in the Black


Reserve Umfolozi Region near Gluckstad, is privately owned land where 12h00 hectares

49 Living Mine Museum Hlobane

Hlobane This is a concept that was championed by Mr Michael Seeger and it is covered in more depth in the Economic Rejuvenation Study for the Coal Belt Region, Phase 3: Section 2.1.

50 Coal Train Tourist Trips Ulundi/Vryheid The infrastructure exists for a tourist trip on the coal train returning from Richards Bay with stop off or return points at Ulundi and Vryheid

51 Avi-Tourism (Bird Watching)

Vryheid The Zululand DM area has more than 370 species of birds which are endemic to the area. Currently very little infrastructure is available for bird watchers to the area but there are nonetheless a wide range of avi-tourism events taking place throughout the year around Vryheid. The Zululand Bird Route is well organised

Source: ??

The aforementioned projects are to enable and enhance subsistence farming agricultural activities on

mainly communal land. Projects emphasis is on livestock production, enhanced water access to

livestock, as well as crop (maize) and vegetable production.

National resource suitability for the district identifies these agricultural activities, namely:

Crops- bananas, lucerne, canola, oats, sugarcane, soyabean, macadamia, avocadoes, cowpeas,

timber (pine, wattle and gum), maize, vegetables, tomatoes, pastures (eragrostis, kikuyu

highlands), star grass and smutsfinger grass, tall fescue and;

Livestock- beef, game, pigs and goats.

The development of the district Agri-park will thus compliment these projects and the district bio-

resource suitability. Stakeholder consultation has further prioritised the following commodities

anchored on current production, projects, and bio-resource suitability. These commodities include:

Livestock production of beef and pork;

Maize production to aid in the value chain of livestock;

Vegetables (potatoes, dry beans);

SECTION SIX – FUNCTIONAL REGIONS & INTERVENTION AREAS 96

Maize; and

sugarcane.

Their respective value chains follow in the section below.

7 SECTION SIX – FUNCTIONAL REGIONS & INTERVENTION AREAS The rural development plan for Zululand district municipality is informed by a functional regional

approach. The salience of this approach to rural development rests in its emphasis on the nodal-

hinterland economic and socio-spatial linkages. In other words, the economic development of Zululand’s

villages and rural townships is intrinsically dependent on these places’ linkages with established nodes.

A functional region therefore would typically have established nodes as well as areas in need of various

forms of intervention from a development perspective.

The functional regions for Zululand are identified through the use of the following:

Strategically Located Land Index (SLLi). The SLLi takes into account the following variables notably:

proximity to physical infrastructure; proximity to major towns/gateways and markets; average

rainfall; slope elevation and temperature and; soil types. SLLi allows for the identification of

strategically located land for various economic activities and land uses.

The Gross Value Add (GVA) – this data depicts average GVA contribution to district economy per

sector (inter alia agriculture, mining, manufacturing, wholesale & retail, transport, community

services and government services, and finance, and insurance services).


MAP 8: DIVERSE FUNCTIONAL REGIONS


Accessibility – this depicts the availability of transport networks and total travel time between points.

The existence of a developed and integrated transport network makes it possible for both intra-

regional and inter-regional flow of goods, services and people to occur.

Population count per district municipality (decline and growth) – this value is indicative of urbanisation

and depopulation trends in Zululand district. As rural development is about improving people’s

lives, the analysis of population trends allows for a more people-centric approach to municipal

planning.

Infrastructural investment – this involved taking into account existing physical infrastructure that

support various economic activities, i.e. agriculture, wholesale and retail, mining, services and

manufacturing and other relate industries.

The abovementioned datasets informed the spatial analysis and subsequent identification of functional

regions for Zululand district municipality. From the map above, it is apparent that functional economic

regions are not confined by administrative boundaries. What is also apparent is a clear relationship

between exiting PSED secondary nodes and their hinterlands, i.e. the villages and other forms of rural

settlements.

7.1 Functional Region 1: Abaqulusi-eDumbe & surrounding areas The spatial analysis results depict a relational linkage between Abaqulusi, eDumbe as well as the

settlements surrounding these nodes. EDumbe’s rich coal reserves as well as its relatively fertile

agricultural land renders it one of the most economically viable nodes in the district. Moreover,

Abaqulusi and its economic complexity renders it Zululand’s economic nerve centre. The flow and

mobility of goods, capital and people in this functional region is important for the well-being of people

residing within and without its boundaries.

The dismantling of the apartheid space economy will be dependent on investing in villages as well as

settlements that remain deprived of basic services such as water, electricity, and decent housing and

employment opportunities. As this plan is anchored on improving rural life for communities residing in

rural spaces, the following interventions are proposed:

Proposed Interventions: Functional Region 1

Investment in physical infrastructure as part of the Vryheid Agri-Hub development. This includes the

upgrading of roads and water infrastructure;

Development of an agricultural corridor that will connect the Vryheid Agri-Hub to the Farmers

Production Support Units in Nongoma and uLundi;

Development of a fresh-produce market and supporting agricultural infrastructure to support small-

scale and subsistence farmers as well as communities within the functional region;

Linking small-scale farmers to new and existing agricultural value-chains, through Agri-Parks;

Provision of skills and training in agri-business to women and young people in the region;

Development of creative industries that can take advantage of the young talent as well as the vibrant

Zulu cultural heritage defining the Northern KZN region;

Creation of decent jobs in both agricultural and non-agricultural industries;

Development of the mining industry to reduce unemployment and poverty rates;

Promoting connectivity and employment through ICT among the entrepreneurs and the youth;


Commencing village revitalisation projects in the region. This should be linked to the establishment of

Agri-villages;

Provision of social infrastructure such as schools, shopping centres and entertainment areas, to allow

for a better quality of life;

Support of small-scale farmers through the Vryburg Agri-Hub, to allow for entry into existing as well as

new commodity value-chains, specifically in timber, sugar-cane and pineapple value-chains;

Provision of knowledge on agri-business to aspirant SMMEs in the region’s villages, with a special

focus on women and the youth;

Provision of support to small businesses with an interest in tourism;

Provision of basic services such as water, electricity is important for this region. Given the growing

population in the region, water scarcity puts a strain on the livelihoods of residents;

Fast-track job creation initiatives in this functional region to curb the high dependency rate.

7.2 Functional Region 2: uLundi-Nongoma & surrounding areas Ulundi and Nongoma can be defined as secondary nodes in need of strategic intervention. These nodes

are characterised by relative poverty, unemployment and high levels of illiteracy. This functional region

is identified as an intervention region because of the aforementioned challenges. Moreover, their

development will surely improve the lives of many people residing in its boundaries. This region id

defined by subsistence farming, with a focus on cattle, poultry, and goats. It is imperative for these two

secondary nodes to be considered as sites for Farmer Production Support Units (FPSUs), as the

infrastructural and subsequent socio-spatial and economic development that accompanies the

development of FPSUs will create jobs and improve the economic conditions of this functional region.

Proposed Interventions: Functional Region 2

Investment in physical infrastructure as part of the Vryheid Agri-Hub as well as the Nongoma and

uLundi FPSUs development. This includes the upgrading of roads, electricity and water

infrastructure;

Development of an agricultural corridor that will connect the Vryheid Agri-Hub to the Farmers

Production Support Units in Nongoma and uLundi secondary nodes;

Development of a fresh-produce market and supporting agricultural infrastructure to support small-

scale and subsistence farmers as well as communities within the functional region;

Development of all existing commodity value-chains to allow for the growth of existing as well as new

entrants in this industry and the creation of employment;

Provision of skills and training in agri-business to women and young people in the region;

Development of creative industries that can take advantage of the young talent as well as the vibrant

Zulu cultural heritage defining the Northern KZN region;

Provision of social infrastructure such as schools, shopping centres and entertainment areas, to allow

for a better quality of life;

Creation of decent jobs in both agricultural and non-agricultural industries;

Promoting connectivity and employment through ICT among the entrepreneurs and the youth;

Commencing village revitalisation projects in the region. This should be linked to the establishment of

Agri-villages.

7.3 Functional Region 3: uPhongola & surrounding areas This functional region is characterised by it rural characteristics, with uPhongola as its centre.

UPhongola’s link to other PSED nodes in the district, notably eDumbe, can unlock economic


development potential. It is proposed that this region can also benefit from the establishment of a fresh

produce market, as they are likely to bring in the needed investment in physical infrastructure.

Moreover, the harnessing of the Swaziland-uPhongola corridor can create jobs in the agricultural and

tourism sectors, as well as the ICT sectors.

Proposed Intervention Areas for Functional Region 3 Investment in physical infrastructure such as roads a well as agricultural infrastructure such as silos,

abattoirs for the development the sugarcane value-chain;

Provision of financial support and skills development to subsistence farmers located in uPhongola and

its hinterlands;

Investment in water infrastructure to encourage small-scale farming in the region;

Participation of women and the youth in cultural heritage tourism opportunities;

Provide opportunities for inter-district economic activities through the use of existing economic

development corridors;

Provision of social infrastructure such as agricultural colleges and other forms of vocational training as

part of the job-creation drive;

Encouraging cooperation between established agricultural and tourism-related businesses and

emergent small-scale businesses;

Increasing beneficiation in the timber and sugarcane industries.

7.4 Intervention Areas - Settlements Listed be are some of the settlements and villages identified as in need of varied interventions that can

stimulate economic development while improving people’s lives.


MAP 9: INTERVENTION AREAS - SETTLEMENTS

SECTION SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 102

7.4.1 Intervention Area 1: The area comprise of the following settlements Ekuhluphekeni, Goje, Mahlabathini and Mbudle just to

mention a few.

The area is well connected to the main roads R66 and R34. Good transport networks foster

development through trade and commerce and transportation of raw materials as well as produce

to the markets.

The area is close to Ulundi which is a district gateway and can be a source for market for agricultural

produce.

There are various infrastructure in Ulundi which is close to the area which can be utilised such as red

meat abattoirs.

The land is suitable for livestock farming hence small scale meat industry can be realised by investing

in livestock rearing and utilisation of red meat abattoirs.

7.4.2 Intervention Area 2: Villages in this area are not limited to Mondlo, Ezidulini and Esigodini.

The area is connected by secondary roads which are close to main road R33 linking to various

agriculture infrastructure (SAGIS processors, millers, red meat abattoirs).

The area can benefit immensely from Agrihub which will be located in Vryheid.

7.4.3 Intervention Area 3: Some of the villages include Kwa-Ngenetsheni, Ngotshe Nu and Kwayiphethe.

Major routes cuts across the area serving as a source of transportation of goods and services, as well

as linkages of the area to functional regions.

The area can utilise the red meat abattoir in promoting small scale red meat industry. In addition to

that the land is suitable for grazing.

Investment in small scale mining with the existence of iron and coal mining commodity close to the

area.

7.4.4 Intervention Area 4: Some of the villages in the area comprise of Tobolsk, Spekboom and Monzaan.

The area is close to Pongolo which is a district gateway and allows the connection of the area to other

functional regions, hence such connection can promote trade and commerce as well as market

for farming produce.

R 22 cuts across the area which can promote transportation of goods and services to the area.

The areas can utilise CASP project as well as the catalytic project for improving socio-economic

wellbeing.

The area is close to an active mine which can be a source for employment.

Most of the land is suitable for grazing hence livestock farming is ideal in the area, to promote small

scale meat industry.

8 SECTION SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN This section outlines the proposed strategies, catalytic projects as well as the institutional framework

viewed as important for unlocking development in Zululand district municipality. The proposed


strategies respond to the objectives of the DRDP as set in the introductory section of this document.

When viewed together, the strategies, catalytic projects and the institutional framework form a sound

implementation plan.

FIGURE 36: A DEPICTION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND ITS THREE PILLARS

Operational Strategies

Flowing from developmental objectives &

vision

Institutional Framework

Outlining key actors and implementers

Catalytic Projects

Game-changers & enablers

Implementation Plan

Embodying the developmental ethos &

strategic thrust

Source: ??

This section also builds on the status quo analysis as well as findings emanating from the distillation of

district, provincial and national strategic spatial and economic development plans. Moreover, inputs

from multi-stakeholder engagements inform the proposed strategic interventions outlined below. The

developmental challenges in Zululand are multifaceted. However, there exist untapped potential and

opportunities that can act as important leavers for unlocking inclusive and sustainable rural

development in the district. The proposed interventions are also informed by an appreciation of

complex relational economic, socio-spatial and environmental factors that define the district’s

development milieu. As this primary unit of analysis and intervention is the district, the proposed

interventions do not purport to be pitted at a meso-local i.e. ward and village level. However, it must be

noted that there exist numerous local plans that take into account village-specific needs, notably the

local IDPs, LED strategies, and sector-specific plans. The salience of this district rural development plan is

that it contributes to a broader family of strategic spatial and economic development plans aimed at

fast-tracking integrated rural transformation and development.

The analysis of Zululand at a district level allows for the tracing and subsequent mapping of relational

flows of goods, commodities, people and capital within and across the district. The existing economic

system in Zululand therefore, can best be captured through the employment of a functional regional

approach to rural development. A function regional approach to rural development creates conditions

that allow for the identification of places and/or nodes that can act as developmental nucleus and

catalysts for broader regional development. A functional regional approach also takes into account the

synergic and/or symbiotic relationships between existing and potential development nodes and their

hinterlands. The economic growth and competitiveness of Vryheid, uPhongola, uLundi, and Nongoma


for instance, are intrinsically tied to the availability and flow of labour, and goods from the adjacent

rural townships and villages. These flows as well as nodal linkages are facilitated by development

corridors that can either be specialised/niche (as is the case in tourism corridors), or diverse.

7.1 Proposed Development Actions In proposing development-oriented interventions in Zululand, an attempt was made to take into

account the DRDP objectives as articulated in the preceding sections, as well as the findings from the

status quo analysis and multi-stakeholder engagements. This provided an opportunity for the

formulation of operational strategies that are deemed critical for the realisation of the DRDP objectives.

The DRDP objectives are outlined as follows:

Objective 1: Improving productivity and competitiveness in the agriculture sector;

Objective 3: Improving competitiveness in the manufacturing sector;

Objective 4: Improving tourism competitiveness in the district;

Objective 5: Promoting rural-urban linkages and functionality.

8.1.1 Objective 1: Improving productivity & competitiveness of the agriculture sector Agriculture forms an integral part of the Zululand district economy. Its climatic conditions are best suited

for livestock production as well as the cultivation maize and a range of vegetables as well as livestock

farming. Moreover agricultural development is likely to create jobs for many people residing in the

district’s towns and villages. The objective for agricultural development however should however be

underscored by a sound appreciation and conservation of the district’s natural capital.

8.1.1.1 Development Action 1: Supporting small-scale farmers

Improvement of the irrigation scheme will benefit farmers who are already producing sugarcane,

vegetables, timber and other agricultural commodities;

Investment in livestock, dryland cropping and irrigation infrastructure to be fast-tracked.

8.1.1.2 Development Action 2: Harnessing existing commodity value-chains

In all of the district’s local municipalities there exist opportunities for harnessing sugarcane, soya

bean, avocadoes, sweet potatoes, timber, maize, vegetables, pastures; and beef, game, dairy

and sheep. It is imperative therefore for these value-chains to be harnessed through:

The provision of agricultural implements, seeds, fertilisers as well as irrigation equipment to small-

scale farmers;

Borehole refurbishment;

Re-instatement/refurbishment of dysfunctional water schemes;

Operation and maintenance of water supply;

Provision of new water infrastructure; and electricity programmes

Inclusion of women and youth farmers in the existing commodity value-chains;

Access to both international and local markets through improving product quality as well as marketing

and branding strategies;

Identification of new commodities and markets based on Zululand’s competitive and comparative

advantages;

Access to funding for investment into new machinery and equipment, as well as agriculture and

conservation-related research and development (R&D).


8.1.1.3 Development Action 3: Optimising the potential of Agri-Parks

Agri-Parks provide a unique opportunity for the realisation of transformative agricultural development

and rural economic transformation in Zululand and beyond. The three components of Agri Parks i.e.

Farmer Production Support Unit (FPSU), the Agri-Hub (AH), and the Rural Urban Market Centre Unit

(RUMC) allow for targeted financial, intellectual and infrastructural investment in agricultural

development in Zululand. To this end, Agri-Parks are presented in this district rural development plan as

providing a holistic operational strategy to agrarian reform and agri-business development. It is

recommended that:

The Vryheid Agri-Hub as a production, equipment hire, processing, packaging, logistics and training

unit be utilised for strengthening agricultural commodity value-chain in the entire Zululand district

municipality;

It is suggested that the Farmer Production Support Units (FPSUs) be located Nongoma as well as

uLundi as these are rapidly growing secondary nodes in need of infrastructural development;

Provision of agricultural related infrastructure in settlements and villages around uLundi, Nongoma,

and Nquthu as these are also strategically located as sites for FPSU because of the agricultural

corridor that connects these localities;

Development of Agri-villages across the district. These Agri-villages will be linked with the Agri-Hub in

Dundee as well as the FPSUs strategically located in the district;

Provision of infrastructure to promote access to markets to all farmers with a bias towards emerging

farmers and rural communities;

Development of a strategy for optimal utilisation of high value agricultural in the entire Zululand

district;


MAP 10: AGRIHUB & FPSU’S


Formulation and implementation of town as well as village revitalisation programmes for all

municipalities as a part of rural economic transformation agenda;

Maximise use of existing agro-processing, bulk and logistics infrastructure, including having

availability of water, energy and roads.

8.1.2 Objective 2: Promote tourism through existing development corridors The Provincial Spatial Economic Development Strategy (PSEDS) has identified a hierarchy of provincial

nodes that are critical for provincial, regional and local economic development. Zululand has a number

of key development corridors that can play a critical role in promoting rural economic development and

urban-rural linkages.

8.1.2.1 Development Action 1: Harnessing economic development corridors

Development of economic activities along eDumbe-Vryheid-uLundi-Nongoma-uPhongola PSED

corridor;

The development of uQweqwe area to provide basic facilities to tourists;

Capitalising of the Zulu Reed Dance celebrated annually at Nsibaya/Enyokeni as there exist a number

of tourism development options that could be pursued with the annual celebration;

Provision of integrated and reliable transportation and connectivity infrastructure in the district such as

roads, rail, freight, allowing for increased mobility (of goods, capital, services and people)

between all key economic nodes;

Provision and/or enhancing of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) (e.g. internet

connectivity) for optimal communication, knowledge-sharing and access to markets across,

especially in the PSED nodes;

Encouraging intra and inter-regional collaborative ventures between commercial and small-scale

farmers;

Development of Agri-tourism sites and products linked to the Agri-Park.

8.1.2.2 Development Action 2: Harnessing the cultural heritage development corridors

Promotion of the Cultural Heritage corridor, as a means of growing the cultural tourism sector in and

across the district. Focus must be given to uLundi and Nongoma and their strategic positioning

within the cultural tourism corridor that stretched to Zululand;

Improvement of the linkage between Nongoma and Ulundi via the R66 Tangami Spa, Swart Umfolozi

and Vryheid;

Improving access road to Ithala Game Reserve, via the Klipwal Mine. The Klipwal Mine (the only Gold

Mine in KZN) is only about 3 km from the northern boundary of the Ithala Reserve;

The R69 (Rooirante Road) between Magudu and the Pongolapoort dam is another very important link

road;

Initiating full-scale urban renewal projects that link all cultural heritage sites in Zululand and other

northern districts;

Development of tourism-related activities in townships and villages to allow for broad-based

participation in this sector, with a specific focus of women and youth participation.


MAP 11: PSED NODES & CORRIDORS


8.1.2.3 Development Action 3: Development of distinct Special Economic Zones

Establishment of niche industrial hubs in the district offering unique tourism products that take

advantage of the district’s competitive and comparative advantages;

Establishment of leather processing and product development industrial hub in the district;

Developing linkages between the production and processing sectors;

Developing new, emerging and existing markets;

Improving product quality and encouraging innovation;

Developing skills across a broad range, including marketing and branding;

Encouraging collaborative ventures.

8.1.3 Objective 3: Investment in rural industrialisation Rural industrialisation is critical for the provision of physical and social infrastructure that can allow for

the creation of socio-spatial and economic linkages between urban nodes and the rural hinterlands.

Integrated rural development is dependent on the strength of economic, social and technological

relations between economic nodes such as Abaqulusi, uLundi, Nongoma, uPhongola and eDumbe as

well as the townships and villages surrounding them. To this end, the economic functionality of the

Zululand district must take into account the flow of goods and capital as well as the movement of people

within and between urban and rural spaces. The following operational strategies are therefore

proposed:

8.1.3.1 Development Action 1: Promoting urban-rural linkages & functionality

Provision of roads, rail, freight and ICT infrastructure that can foster intra and inter-district connectivity

and mobility within and beyond Zululand district;

This strategy can be attained through the harnessing of traditional economic sectors such as

agriculture, mining and manufacturing through industrial innovation;

Improving access to communication technology, and harnessing the use of new media for promoting

urban-rural business interactions and innovation.

8.1.3.2 Development Action 2: promoting the revitalisation of rural areas

Rural town revitalisation projects must be implemented in all major towns. The renewal of these towns

is important as it provides them with an opportunity to attract local and global investments of a

financial, business and human capital nature;

Township revitalisation – projects for the entire district must be implemented to allow for infrastructural

investments as well as the provision of basic services such as water, electricity, and decent

housing. As rural townships continue to grow, their revitalisation will attract more skilled people,

as well as other forms of investments;

Village revitalisation – projects must be implemented in all densely populated villages. The focus of

these projects must be on provision of water, electricity and other social services critical for the

improvement of quality of life, in accordance with the NDP;

Develop village place-making and/or branding strategy – this is important as it promotes rural spaces

as liveable and marketable places that can attract skills and tourism.

8.1.3.3 Development Action 3: Completion of rural development projects

With numerous rural development projects underway in Zululand, it is imperative to ensure that;


Sustainable, long-term funding mechanisms are put in place for all rural development-oriented

projects;

Fostering of intergovernmental and interdepartmental coordination of rural development projects for

strategic harmonisation and alignment of efforts;


MAP 12 : DEPARTMENTAL PROJECTS & PROGRAMMES


8.1.4 Objective 4: Conserving the natural environment Zululand is endowed with a wealth of natural capital. Whereas rural industrialisation and economic

development is important, there is also a need to ensure that the natural environment is protected. It is

imperative to reiterate that the need for the improvement of people’s quality of life in rural areas, must

not be separated from the need to conserve the natural environment.

8.1.4.1 Development Action 1: Formulation of the Zululand Biodiversity Conservation Plan

This proposed plan should take into account the conservation of the district’s natural capital;

Promoting sustainable use of natural resources, specifically water and land;

Promoting environmental land management.

8.1.5 Objective 5: Promoting integrated human settlements Following the recommendations set out in Chapter 8 of the NDP, there is a need for Zululand to fast-

track the provision of adequate social services such as schools, clinics, community centres and

recreational facilities. Moreover, the provision of water, electricity and housing has been identified as a

priority for the district municipality. There are a number of water infrastructure as well as housing

development projects underway in Zululand. The completion of these projects is critical for the

improvement of quality of life for all communities in the district.

8.1.5.1 Development Action 1: Reduction of service delivery backlogs

Monitoring of water services backlogs and development of water infrastructure plan;

Installation of new sanitation connections to households;

Implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programmes;

Facilitation of Schools Nutrition Programmes.

8.1.5.2 Development Action 2: Promoting integrated rural spatial planning

Strengthening, and monitoring of IDP, SDF and LED implementation processes

Adopting district-wide Public Transport Network.

8.1.6 Objective 6: Development of the mining sector

8.1.6.1 Development Action 1: Opening of new mining operations

This can be done through the revival of nodal town eDumbe through reopening of mining sidings and

full utilisation of railway facilities and;

Tapping into eDumbe and KwaCeza rich mineral resources.

7.2 Catalytic Projects The criteria for the identification of catalytic projects is informed by the recently reviewed Provincial

Growth and Development Plan (PGDP) (2015), as well as the KZN Infrastructure Master Plan. While the

aforesaid criteria is still unfolding and thus in need of refinement, its potential in providing a conceptual

scaffolding for project-identification cannot be doubted. The projects identification criteria is

characterised in the PGDP as follows59:

59

KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Planning Commission (2015) Provincial Growth & Development Plan (2030). Office of the

Premier, KZN Province, p. 178-179.


TABLE 24: CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING CATALYTIC PROJECTS

Nature of Projects characterisation

Catalytic projects Economic game changers - these are projects that profoundly redefine and/or alter the structure of a given economy (at a district, provincial or national level – or in all three scales)

Major social needs projects – these are projects that support immediate social needs

Major enablers – projects that provide enabling infrastructure.

Infrastructure Interventions High priority backlogs – projects in sensitive (most vulnerable) communities

High priority infrastructure – bulk infrastructure projects that are in backlog

High priority programmes – programmes that have a long term social and economic transformation objective.

New (Planning) Projects High priority urban & industrial nodes & corridors – regions that are high economic generators and service centres

Rural nodes & corridors – high priority rural service centres

Rural transformation nodes – nodes that serve to become future consolidation & development points for rural farming communities

Off-grid settlements – areas that are vulnerable to low-none service provision

Infrastructure replacement/refurbishment

High priority replacements – infrastructure nearing life-cycle end

High priority refubs – projects that deal with infrastructure affected by storm damage etc

High maintenance programmes – projects that are impacting on the budget, thus requiring funding/management solutions.

Source: ??

The project identification criteria set above allows decision-makers, development planner and other

stakeholders in development to be able to engage in forward planning. In other words, the

categorisation (and in some instances hierachisation) of projects allows for sound financial planning as

well as strategic allocation of physical, human and intellectual resources.


TABLE 25: IDENTIFIED PROJECTS

OBJECTIVE

SECTOR DEVELOPMENTAL ACTION

PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS/ PROJECTS

PROJECT TYPE

DESCRIPTION/ ACTIVITIES

INDICATIVE BUDGET

TIMEFRAMES

LEAD ROLE

STAKEHOLDERS

KPI's LOCALITY

Development & implementation of a water Infrastructure Plan

AGRICULTURE

The plan should focus on water-stressed areas such as Nongoma, Ulundi and Vryheid

Develop projects that address Water shortages that impede the development of agriculture in the district

High Priority Programme

1. Feasibility study of large scale irrigation schemes in the CDM 2. Investigate alternative sources of water supply including surface water schemes, and the re-use of water 3. Develop a plan to reconcile future water requirements

TBA Medium to Long term

Zululand DM

Department of water affairs/ DRDLR/ commercial farmers/ Private sector/ various government departments

Water infrastructure plan developed

Zululand DM

Improving productivity and competitiveness in the agricultural sector

AGRICULTURE

addressing the effects of climate change on agriculture

Put in place plans to address counteracting the effects of climate change in the DM

Catalytic - Major Enabler

1. Feasibility study of the development of farm level mitigation methods e.g. avoiding excess nitrogen/fertilisers, crop


Zululand DM

Department of water/DRDLR/ commercial farmers/ emerging farmers/ community/ SETA's

1. Feasibility study completed and reviewed 2. Projects identified and approved

Zululand DM


choices, etc. 2. Evaluate the economic cost of interventions 3. Develop a plan to roll out the programme to local farmers

3. Project plans in place 4. Farmer education programmes rolled out


AGRICULTURE

Agri-Hub establishment & development in Vryheid

Development of Agri-Hub to foster small and medium-scale agricultural development

Catalytic - Game Changer

The AH is a production, equipment hire, processing, packaging, logistics and training unit. It is aimed at promoting small and medium-scale agricultural development

TBA Immediate

Zululand DM

DRDLR/ Traditional authorities/ community

1. Number of small Scale farmers supported 2 Relevant R&D in the agricultural sector 3. Number of markets identified and expanded 4. Number of niche commodities identified

Zululand DM

Improving productivity and competiti

AGRICULTURE

Farmer Production Support Unit developmen

Development of the FPSU for primary collection,

Catalytic - Game Chan

Review existing FPSU

R80 000 000

Immediate

Zululand DM

DRDLR/ DAFF/ Dept of small business/ Traditional authorities/

1. FPSUs identified and developed

Zululand DM


veness in the agricultural sector

t in Ulundi, Nongoma, and uPhongolo

storage, processing for the local market, and extension services including mechanisation

ger plans and objectives

Access funding Implement projects Monitor success of projects

community/ commercial farmers/ private sector/ Emerging farmers

Developing the rural economy

TOURISM Upgrading local tourist accommodation and identification of new tourist sites.

identify houses in rural villages to upgrade for the purposes of tourist accommodation


1. Develop project proposal 2. Conduct feasibility study 3. Engage local community 4. Identify pilot areas 5. Market and promote the venture 6. Rate accommodation by national standards


Zululand DM

Department of human settlements/ traditional authorities/ communities/ department of tourism/ private sector/ financial institutions

1. Increase in tourist accommodation in the area 2. Increase in income from tourism 3. Job creation

Zululand DM - rural villages close to tourist attractions


7. Include the accommodation in local tourist centre offerings 8. Provision of technical and financial assistance to local community members to upgrade their properties


ENERGY Development of a renewable energy research park

Development of a 'laboratory’ for renewable energy research and demonstration


1. Develop a feasibility study for Zululand DM to establish the viability of a renewable energy park to increase the viability of renewable energy technologies 2. Consideration of various forms of renewable energy including solar

R1 000 000 000

Medium to Long term

Department of minerals and energy

Zululand DM/DRDLR/ Eskom/ Independent Power Producers/ Regional and International Development Agencies/ Private Sector/ Universities/ community

1. R&D investigative activities completed and published 2. Number of renewable energy pilot projects undertaken 3. Funding identified and in place

Zululand DM


projects, hydro power and micro wind 3. Engage local community 4. Identify pilot areas 5. Market and promote the venture 6. identify funding opportunities and potential partnerships


TECHNOLOGY

Establishment of a technology park

Development of a technology park to foster innovation and enable its commercial application in the Zululand DM


1. Develop a feasibility study for Zululand DM to establish the viability of a technology park 2. Consideration of the infrastructure required 3. Engage local community 4. Identify pilot areas 5. Market and

R2 000 000 000

Medium to Long term

Zululand DM

Department of Science and Technology/ Department of Trade and Industry/ Agri SETA/ Private Sector/ Department of economic development and tourism/ community

1. R&D investigative activities completed and published 2. Number of R&D pilot projects undertaken 3. Funding identified and in place

Zululand DM


promote the venture 6. identify funding opportunities and potential partnerships

Investment in rural revitalisation

ALL SECTORS

Develop nodal/ growth points in the Zululand DM

Ensure the further development of identified growth points in Zululand


1. Realise the development of growth points of all secondary nodes (Ulundi, Nongoma, Pongola, eDumbe and Vryheid).

TBA Short to medium term

Zululand DM

DTI/ DRDLR/ Department of Tourism/ DAFF/ Department of human settlements/ other government agencies/ community based organisations/ Traditional authorities/ community members

1. Number of nodal development projects identified 2. Number of projects implemented 3. Number of jobs created 4. Number of communities served

All identified functional regions


AGRICULTURE

Absorb small businesses and subsistence farmers into the main stream economy

Reinvigorate the agricultural sector through small scale farming

Key Enabler

1. Conduct feasibility studies for SMME related projects 2. Identify community beneficiaries 3. Undertake necessary

TBA Short to medium term

Zululand DM

DRDLR/ Dept. of Small Business/ DAFF/ Private sector

1. Number of Small Scale farmers supported; 2. Number of markets identified and expanded

Zululand DM


training of community members 4. Develop business plans for commercial ventures 5. Upgrade subsistence agriculture in the district 6. Investigate the potential for agriculture along the rivers in the DM and implement small scale farming activities

3. Number of new SMME’s identified and supported 4. Number of Jobs created


AGRICULTURE

Fast track the process of addressing land use management schemes (LUMS) and land development in the DM

Engage traditional authorities to address the issue of releasing land for development


1. Identify land for development 2. Review outstanding land claims and fast track processing 3. put in place land use management plans

TBA Medium term

Zululand DM

DRDLR/ Traditional leaders/ Local municipalities/ government departments

1. Number of land claims resolved 2. Increase in land available for development 3. Number of land claim

Zululand DM


beneficiaries identified and supported 4. Number of Jobs created


AGRICULTURE

Implement identified agricultural anchor projects

Revisit the CDM agricultural development strategy

Key Enabler

1. Conduct feasibility studies for those interventions identified up to pre-feasibility 2. Identify community beneficiaries 3. Undertake necessary training of community members 4. Develop business plans for the projects

TBA Short term

Zululand DM

DAFF/ DRDLR/ Farmers cooperatives/ commercial farmers/ community/ SETA's/ Financial institutions

1. Number of small scale farmers supported 2. Spending on R&D in the agricultural sector 3. Markets identification and expansion

Zululand DM

Improving productivity and competitiveness in

AGRICULTURE

Development of agro-processing hubs in the CDM

To take advantage of the agricultural raw materials


1. Conduct a feasibility study on the establishment and sustainability

TBA Medium term

Zululand DM

DRDLR/ DAFF/ communities/ community based organisations/ commercial

1. Number of small scale farmers supported 2.

Zululand DM


the agricultural sector

in the district and thereby reduce the need to export these commodities for processing

of agro processing hubs in the DM 2. Establish where each value chain of agro processing should be housed 3. investigate spin off industries

farmers/ private sector

Spending on R&D in the agricultural sector 3. Markets identification and expansion 4. Identification of niche commodities

Improving tourism competitiveness

TOURISM Enhance the tourism sector to create employment and local economic development

Leverage the natural heritage sites in the district


1. Training of tourist guides in the region to broaden their knowledge of the entire district 2. Registration of tour guides 3. Coordination of tourism routes

TBA Medium to long term

Zululand DM

Department of tourism/ Dept of education/ SETA's/ communities

1. Number of tourist guides trained 2. Number of jobs created 3. Number of tour guides registered 4. Number of new tourist routes identified

Zululand DM


MINING Investigate forward and backward linkages in

Investigate the mining value chain and

Catalytic - Game

1. Develop a mineral processing and beneficiation

TBA medium term

Department of Miner

Department of Minerals and Energy/ DAFF/ DRDLR/ DTI/

1. Number of small scale miners

Zululand DM


the mining sector in the DM

identify opportunities for SMME's in mineral beneficiation

Changer

hub 2. Investigate the potential for the development of mining related industries such as catering

als and Energy (DME)

communities/ private sector/

supported 2. Spending on R&D in the mining sector 3. Markets identification and expansion 4. Identification of niche commodities


TRANSPORTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Build on the established road network in the region

Improve access to urban and rural areas in the ADM

Key Enabler

1. Study of the condition of the local and district roads in the DM 2. put in place a roster of activities that will ensure all roads are maintained timeously and don't interfere with economic activities 3. Recruit and train local community members

TBA medium term

Zululand DM

Department of roads and transport/ Dept of public works/ communities/ traditional authorities

1. Number of roads maintained 2. Number of jobs created 3. Number of training interventions taking place

Zululand DM


4. develop a road master plan for the Zululand district



Build on the established transportation network in the region

Develop Vryheid into a viable logistics and services centre.


1. Conduct a feasibility study on the establishment and sustainability of logistics and services centre in the DM 2. investigate spin off industries

TBA medium term

Zululand DM

PRASA/ Department of roads and transport/ SETA's/ Dept of Education/ Dept of public works/ communities/ traditional authorities

1. Number of SMME supported 2. Spending on R&D in the transportation sector 3. Markets identification and expansion

Zululand DM



Build on the established rail network in the region

Implement projects outlined in the Zululand integrated transport plan

Key Enabler

1. Review the integrated transport management plan. 2. Identify projects that can be implemented quickly with maximum benefit to the Zululand community 3. Obtain funding

TBA medium term

Zululand DM

PRASA/ Department of roads and transport/ SETA's/ Dept of Education/ Dept of public works/ communities/ traditional authorities

1. Number of roads maintained 2. Number of jobs created 3. Number of training interventions taking place

Zululand DM


4. Identify service provider 5. Implement projects

Conserving the natural environment

FORESTRY Address the issue of deforestation in the DM

Develop approaches to counteract the effects of deforestation in the DM

Key Enabler

1. Education of communities 2. Address the issue with commercial forestry operations 3. Put in place a framework for forestry management in the DM 4. Provision of employment opportunities to community members

TBA Long term

Zululand DM

DAFF/ DRDLR/ private sector/ commercial farmers/ emerging farmers/ community members

1. Number of information sessions held 2.No. of initiatives towards sustainable environmental planning 3. Increase in number of trees planted

Zululand DM

Source: ??


8.1.7 Localised Rural Development Projects MUNIC. LOCAL AREA PILLAR/PROGRAMM

E PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITY

Uphongolo

Mbongombongo Communal Estate Mbongombongo Communal Estate

Crop Prodcution


Uphongolo

Belgrade Communal Estate Impiloyethu Communal Estate

Crop Prodcution


Uphongolo

Ntumbane Communal Estate Mgulatshani Co-operative

Grain Prodcution


Edumbe Mpheku River Valley Hlahlindlela Crop & vegetable

production

Vegetable Installation of 100ha Flood irrigation production inputs

Edumbe Mandakane Communal Estate Mandakane Crop production


Edumbe Ekushumayeleni Land Care Ekushumayeleni Cropping installation of irrigation &alien plant control

Ulundi Dlebe Communal Estate Mbambakunzi Crop production


Ulundi KwaCeza Communal Estate Inhlendlana Crop production


Ulundi Dlebe River Valley Dlebe Irrigation Crop production


Ulundi Babanango Land Reform Mcakwini Trust Crop production


Ulundi Nhlazatshe Communal Estate BEE Goodluck Crop production


Ulundi Ndindindi Livestock Production

SWD Scooping of dam

Ulundi Langakazi Livestock Production

SWD Scooping of dam

Ulundi Othini Livestock Production

SWD Scooping of dam

Ulundi Madaka Livestock SWD Scooping of dam


Production

Ulundi Mbekuzweni Livestock Production

SWD Scooping of dam


SWD Scooping of dam


SWD Scooping of dam

Ulundi Wela Livestock Production

SWD Scooping of dam

Ulundi Ntabankulu Livestock Production

SWD Scooping of dam

Ulundi Etsheni Livestock Production

SWD Scooping of dam

Ulundi Mayiwane Livestock Production

SWD Scooping of dam

Abaqulusi Othaka Communal Estate Ngenetsheni Crop Production


Abaqulusi Isolesizwe Communal Estate Isolesizwe Goat Production

Goat Construction of goat shed, 200 goats

Abaqulusi Emadanyini Communal Estate Emadanyini Crop Production


Abaqulusi Bhobozana Communal Estate Bhobozana Crop production


Abaqulusi Mnyathi Communal Estate Mnyathi Crop production


Abaqulusi Machanca Communal Estate Machanca Crop production


Abaqulusi Ubuhle bokuzenzela

Communal Estate Ubuhle bokuzenzela

Crop production


Abaqulusi Zamisizwe Communal Estate Zamisizwe Crop production


Abaqulusi Gluckstadt Communal Estate Gluckstadt Crop production



Abaqulusi Bonisanani Communal Estate Bonisanani Crop production


Abaqulusi Nhlendlane Communal Estate Nhlendlane Crop production


Abaqulusi Alpha River Valley Sizamindlela Vegetable production


Abaqulusi Macosha Land Reform Macosha Vegetable production

Vegetable Centre pivot for 5oha , pump, pipes &production inputs*

Abaqulusi Hlanganani Livestock Production

Stock watering

dam

Scooping of dam

Abaqulusi Xamu Livestock Stock Scooping of dam

Abaqulusi Oqweqwe Livestock Production

Stock watering

dam

Scooping of dam

Abaqulusi Gluckstadt Land Care Gluckstadt Cropping Conclusion of de-stumping and conservation structures

Abaqulusi Macosha Land Care Macosha Cropping Land reform project, alien plant control, fencing

Abaqulusi Mbhudula Land Care Mbhudula Veld managemen

t

Improve grazing potential

Abaqulusi Ekuhlengeni Land Care Ekuhlengeni Cropping Fencing

Zululand Louwsburg Ingadlangadla farming enterprise

The farm size is 1118ha in extent and specialise in mixed farming- Livestock, vegetables

and grains

Zululand Thelezini Thelezini communal estate

The farm size is 233ha in extent and specialise on Crop

Production- Grains

Zululand Nceceni Nceceni Communal Estate

The farm size is 170 ha in extent and specialise in crop

production - grains


Zululand Cibilili Cibilili Communal Estate

The farm size is 140ha in extent and specialise in crop

production - grains

Zululand Empangisweni Empangisweni Communal Estate

The farm size is 950 ha in extent and specialises in crop

production - grains

Zululand Hlahlindlela Mzuzini Communal Estate

The farm size is 300ha and specialises in crop production - -

grains

Zululand Isigodini Vimbindlala Communal Estate

The farm size in 300ha and specialises in crop production -

grains

Zululand Ezungwini Makwabe Communal Estate

The Project specialises in Egg production - 3000 layers

Zululand Imvula The project specialises in Pig production - 300 sow unit

Zululand Bonisanani The project specialises in broiler production - 5000 broiler units

Zululand Sonkophe The project specialises in Pig production - 300 sow unit

Zululand Uluntu co op Livestock production - 100 cow herd

Zululand Black horses primary co-op

The project specialises in broiler production 30000 broiler unit

Zululand Ukukhanya KwaseMvuzini

The farm size is 500ha and specialises in vegetable & fruit

production

Zululand Empangisweni Irrigation

The Project specialises in Egg production - 3000 layers

Zululand Ngwenya The farm size is 45 ha and specialises in grain production

Zululand HH Mthimkhulu The project specialises in Vegetable production


Zululand PW Mbokazi The farm size in 250 and specialises in crop Production -

grains

Zululand Mlindaziko Communal Estate

The farm size is 200ha and specialises in grain production -

maize & dry beans

Zululand Fuduka grain project

The farm specialise in goat production

Zululand Eziduluni The farm size is 30 ha and specialise in vegetable

production

Zululand Sizamindlela The farm size is 200ha and specialises in grain production

Zululand Bhadeni Communal Estate

The farm size is 112 ha and specialises in crop production

Zululand Mankumbu The project specialises in pig production - 50 sow unit

Zululand Zamukuzenzela Piggery

The farm size is 300ha and specialses in grain production

Zululand KwaCeza Communal Estate

The farm size is 450 ha and specialises in goat production

Zululand Ezweni Co-operative

100ha farm specialising in grain production

Zululand Nkombabantu Communal Estate


production - grains

Zululand Good Luck Communal Estate

The farm size is 250 ha and specialises in crop production -

grains

Zululand Mbambankuzi Communal Estate

The farm size is 300 ha and specailises in crop production -

grains

Zululand Nondayana The farm size is 110 ha and


Communal Estate specialises in crop production -grains

Zululand Zilungiselele Communal Co-

operative

The farm size is 140ha in extent and specialise in crop

production - grains

Zululand Siyazisiza Cooperative

Communal Estate

The farm specialses in egg production - 3000 layers

Zululand Ikusasalethu poutry project

The farm specialise in broiler production - 6000 birds

Zululand Delangokubona poultry project


production - grains

Zululand Ekuvukeni Communal Estate

The farm specialses in goat production - 100 goats

Zululand Ngolotshe The farm size is 200 ha and specialises in grain production -

grains

Zululand KwaMajomela Communal Estate

The farm size is 50ha and specialises in Aloe juice

processing

Zululand Kombuzi Aloe processing project

The farm size is 300 ha and specailises in crop production -

grains

Zululand Maphophoma The farm size is 80 ha and specialises in grain production

Zululand Ensimbini The farm measures 150 ha and specialises in grain production

Zululand Ezilonyeni The eMakhosini Valley lies just outside of Ulundi and has huge

potential for tourism development as it is the

birthplace of the Zulu Nation and incorporates some of the


richest historical sites in Africa, wildlife and living cultures.

Zululand eMakhosini – The Valley of Kings

The Mona Market held in the third week of each month

outside Nongoma

Zululand Events Connected to the Royal Palace

combined game reserve and heritage park in Africa has all the criteria for selection as a

World Heritage Site

Zululand Ithala Game Reserve

It is on the main access road to Vryheid from Ulundi, it is close to the town and there are eco-

tourism and cultural developments next door and across the road at iMpofini Game Reserve and at the

Inkomana Catholic Abbey and School.

Zululand Abaqalusi (Vryheid) Cultural

Village

Taka Zulu, situated in the Black Umfolozi Region near

Gluckstad, is privately owned land where 12h00 hectares

Zululand Thaka Zulu Private Game Reserve

This is a concept that was championed by Mr Michael

Seeger and it is covered in more depth in the Economic

Rejuvenation Study for the Coal Belt Region, Phase 3: Section

2.1.

Zululand Living Mine Museum Hlobane

The infrastructure exists for a tourist trip on the coal train returning from Richards Bay

with stop off or return points at Ulundi and Vryheid


Zululand Coal Train Tourist Trips

The Zululand DM area has more than 370 species of birds which

are endemic to the area. Currently very little

infrastructure is available for bird watchers to the area but there are nonetheless a wide range of avi-tourism events taking place throughout the

year around Vryheid. The Zululand Bird Route is well

organised

Abaqulusi Alpha subsistance Sizamindlela Vegetable production

Vegetable Install 30ha irrigation system,erect fence and

construct pack house with cold room

Abaqulusi Ngoje Smallholder Gcamshana River Valley


Vegetables Development of the 20ha irrigation infrastructure and

fencing

Abaqulusi Zwathi Smallholder Mpangisweni Vegetable Project


Vegetables Repairs of irrigation equipment

Abaqulusi Zwathi Smallholder Songobe Vegetable production

Vegetables Development of the 400ha irrigation infrastructure

Abaqulusi Mvunyane Smallholder Siqophumlando Vegetable production

Vegetables Development of the 5ha irrigation infrastructure,

fencing, land preparation & production inputs

Edumbe KwaMpheku subsintance Hlahlindlela Cummunity

Irrigation Project

Vegetable & crops

Vegetable Flood Irrigation infrastructure development & fencing

Edumbe Mahloshana subsintance Siyaya Community Irrigation project

Vegetable & crops

Vegetable Flood Irrigation infrastructure development & 7.08km fencing

Nongoma KwaMusi small holder KwaMusi River Valley Project


Vegetables Development of the 250ha irrigation infrastructure


Ulundi Dlebe Smallholder Dlebe River Valley Vegetable production


fencing

Ulundi Dlabane Smallholder Dlabane River Valley



fencing

Ulundi KwaMlaba Smallholder Njomelwane River Valley



fencing

Ulundi KwaNobamba Smallholder KwaNobamba River Valley



fencing

Nongoma Emaqhineni Smallholder Emaqhineni River Valley



fencing

Nongoma Osuthu Smallholder Bululwane Irrigation


Vegetables Construction of a Nursery & Packhouse

Edumbe Msoco Smallholder Msoco River Valley Vegetable production


fencing

Edumbe oPhuzana Smallholder Sibonokunye River valley



fencing

oPhongolo KwaNdlangamandla

Smallholder Zamokuhle River Valley

Vegetation production


fencing

oPhongolo Mbongombongo Smallholder Mbongombongo River Valley



fencing

Abaqulusi Louwsburg Ingadlangadla farming enterprise

Mixed farming

Livestock, vegetables and grains

Rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure and erection of

fence

Abaqulusi Thelezini Thelezini Communal Estate

Crop Production

Grains Mechanization and fencing of 233ha


Abaqulusi Nceceni Nceceni Communal Estate

Crop Production


Abaqulusi Cibilili Cibilili Communal Estate

Crop Production


Abaqulusi Empangisweni Empangisweni Communal Estate

Crop Production

Grains Mechanization and construction of a grain milling

plant

Abaqulusi Hlahlindlela Mzuzini Communal Estate

Crop Production


Abaqulusi Isigodini Vimbindlala Communal Estate

Crop Production

Grains Mechanization and fencing

Abaqulusi Ezungwini Makwabe Communal Estate

Crop Production


Abaqulusi Vaalbank Imvula Egg production

Layers Construct 3x1000 layer units, storeroom with inputs and

bakkie to deliver orders

Abaqulusi Thelezini Bonisanani Pig production

Piggery Construction of sow unit 300 sow units

Abaqulusi Kwa Vilikazi Sonkophe Broiler production

Broiler Construction of 5x1000 broiler units

Abaqulusi Zaailagte Uluntu co op Pig production

Piggery Construction of 300 sow unit

Abaqulusi Dagbreek Black horses primary co-op


Beef Drilling of borehole, development of 40ha of Irrigated pastures and

construction of diptank

Abaqulusi Mshomoloza Ukukhanya KwaseMvuzini

Broiler production

Poultry Refurbishment of 7 existing broiler houses. Supply of 30 000 day-old chiks, feed, medicine &

vaccine

Abaqulusi Empangisweni Empangisweni Irrigation

Vegetable & Fruit

Production

Vegetable & Fruit

Production

Rehabilitation of Irrigation (Centre Pivots) Supply of

production input & Mechanization


Abaqulusi Othini Ngwenya Egg production

Layers Construction of 3x1000 layer unit

Ulundi Babanango HH Mthimkhulu Grain production


Ulundi Denny Dalton PW Mbokazi Vegetable production

eDumbe Mlindaziko Mlindaziko Communal Estate

Crop Production


Phongolo Fuduka Fuduka grain project

Grain production

Maize and dry beans

Fencing of 200ha and erection of grain starages silos

oPhongolo Mbongombongo Crop Production

Grains Mechanization, fencing and installation of grain storage

facilities

Abaqulusi Ezidulini Eziduluni Goat production

Goat Goat Shed, Fencing, handling facilities and equipments

Abaqulusi Alpha Sizamindlela Vegetable production

Vegetable Fencing and irrigation

eDumbe Mshalane, Bhadeni Communal Estate

Crop Production


facilities

eDumbe Ophuzane Mankumbu Crop Production


facilities

eDumbe Mahloni Zamukuzenzela Piggery

Pig Production

Pig Production

Construction of 50 sows unit & 50 sows feed

Ulundi KwaCeza KwaCeza Communal Estate

Grain production

Grains Fencing of 300ha of arable lands for Ceza communal lands

Ulundi KwaMphothi Ezweni Co-operative

Goat production

Goats Fencing , borehole drilling and construction of the goat shed

Ulundi Nkonjeni Nkombabantu Communal Estate

Crop Production


facilities

Ulundi Nhlazatshe Good Luck Communal Estate

Crop Production



facilities

Ulundi Dlebe Mbambankuzi Communal Estate

Crop Production


Ulundi KwaCeza Nondayana Communal Estate

Crop Production


Ulundi Mabedlana Zilungiselele Communal Co-

operative

Crop Production


Ulundi Ezibindini Siyazisiza Cooperative

Communal Estate

Crop Production


Phongolo Godlwayo Ikusasalethu poutry project

Egg production

EGGS Construction of 3x1000 layer unit

Phongolo Fuduka Fuduka grain project

Grain production

Maize and dry beans


Phongolo Khiphinyawo Delangokubona poultry project

Broiler production

Broiler Construction of 4x1500 broiler unit

Nongoma Ekuvukeni Ekuvukeni Communal Estate

Crop Production


facilities

Nongoma Ngolotshe Ngolotshe Goat production

Goat Construction of goat shed and provision of stock

Nongoma KwaMajomela KwaMajomela Communal Estate

Crop Production


facilities

Nongoma Kombuzi Kombuzi Aloe processing project

Aloe Processing

Aloe juice Construction of the aloe processing plant, building of the eath water dam and fencing of

the project

Nongoma Maphophoma Maphophoma Crop Production

Grains Fencing of 10km, Mechanization and production

inputs

Nongoma Ensimbini Ensimbini Crop Grains Fencing of 9km, Mechanization


Production and production inputs

Nongoma Ezilonyeni Ezilonyeni Crop Production

Grains Fencing of 14km, Mechanization and production

inputs

PONGOLO PONGOLA SUGAR PRODUCTION

47 EMERGING FARMERS SETTLED ON 10 HEACTARE

SUGAR FARM

USUTHU BULELWANE IRRIGATION

544 FOOD IRRIGATION PROGRAMME,PRESENTLY 70%

OF PLOTS A RE ALLOCATED BUT 40% ARE UTULISED,311

FARMERS ARE ALLOCATED PLOTS ON AVERAGE OF 0.654

HA EACH

ZULULAND FOOD GARDENERS PROJECT AIMED AT ORGANISING WOMEN TO DO

GARDENING

EMAPHOPHOMA,EMAHASHINI SMALL SCALE TIMBER

GROWING OF TIMBER

ABAQULUSI NGOME TEA ESTATE

500 HACTARE TEA ESTATE

EDUMBE PECAN NUT PLANTATION

GROWING OF PECANS

NONGOMA MAPHOPHOMA IRRIGATION

SCHEME

80 HACTARE SCHEME WHICH RECQURES THE CONSTRUCTION

OF DAMS

CORONATION MINE AGRI VILLAGE AT CORONATION

MINE

ESTABLISHMENT OF AGRI VILLAGE TO PROVIDE

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY TO THE PEOPLE AROUND THIS

PLACE

VRYHEID BEEF PROCESSING UNIT

TWO ABATOIRS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED

UKUZAKHA NOKUZENZELA THERE ARE FIVE TRACTORS


PROGRAMME THAT ARE PHOUGHING FOR COMMUNTITY AND SEEDS ARE

GICEN

UMKHUZE GAME MEAT PROCESSING UNIT

ESTABLISHEMENT OF GAME PROCESSING MEAT FOR

VENISON

ABAQULUSI AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY

INVESTMENT PROSPECTUS FOR ABAQULUSI

ABAQULUSI SESAME SEED PRODUCTION


ABAQULUSI ORGANIS SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION


ABAQULUSI AQUCULTURE AND HYDROPONIC PROJECT


ULUNDI MPUNGOSE PASTURES

BABANANGO UQWEQWE PLACE THAT ATTRACTS FRENCH

NSIBAYA AND ENYOKENI ZULU REED DANCE CELEBRATIONS OF ZULU DANCE

ITHALA ITHALA GAME RESERVE

A TOURISM PLACE FOR GAME RESERVE

ULUNDI ULUNDI TOIURISIM

UPHONGOLO UPHONGOLO TOURISM

THERE ARE SOME DAMS AND LAKES FOR TOURISTS

ATRRACTION

NONGOMA NONGOMA TOURISM

TOURISTS WANT TO VISIST THE ROYAL FAMILY

ABAQULISI ABAQULISI TOURISM

WILD LIF CONSERVATION

PHONGOLA ILLOVO SUGAR MANUFACTURING

A AGRO PROCESSING MILL OF SUGAR


7.3 Institutional Framework The implementation of the Zululand DRDP is dependent on the strengthening of the existing

institutional framework. As aptly articulated in the NDP (chapter 13) the realisation of all development-

oriented is intrinsically linked to the building of a capable state. A capable state therefore is defined by

the existence of functional, well-capacitated and well-funded institutions. Put succinctly, a capable,

developmental state is characterised by the existence of institutional thickness and resilience primarily

within government. As the NDP and the Provincial Growth and Development Plan (PGDP) also outlines,

the private sector, as well as civil society have an integral role to play in the development of

communities.

In implementing the identified projects, programmes and initiatives, an integrated approach to

development planning will be critical. As the DRDP is located at a district level, the Zululand district will

play a leading role in the implementation process. Moreover, the Department of Rural Development and

Land Reform (DRDLR) will be one of the key custodians of the DRDP. The departments engaged in

agricultural development, economic development, and social development and environmental planning

also roles to play in realising the objectives of the DRDP.

The DRDP for Zululand is also meant to allow for strategic planning and coordination within the internal

branches of DRDLR i.e. Land Reform and Administration (LRA), Rural Enterprise and Industrial

Development (REID), as well as Rural Infrastructure Development (RID). Moreover, the Spatial Planning

and Land Use Management unit within the DRDLR is mandated with ensuring that there is alignment

and harmonisation of spatial planning, land reform as well as rural development initiatives, projects and

programmes.


FIGURE 37: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT

SOURCE: ??

Institutional Framework for Rural Economic TransformationIn

terg

ove

rnm

enta

l dev

elo

pm

ent

init

iati

ves

& m

ult

i-st

akeh

old

er p

arti

cip

atio

n &

act

ion

Improving the competitiveness of the

agricultural sector

Improving the mining sector

Promoting competitive tourism sector

Key Rural Development

ObjectivesKey Role Players

Development Outcomes

Promoting rural Industrialisation

Departments/ Agencies Agriculture Forestry Economic Development Enterprise Development Agricultural research

institutions & Agencies Private sector Communities

Agrarian revolution (broad-based participation in the Agricultural sector)

Participation of emerging and small-scale farmers in new & existing agric. Value

Food security Job creation

Key Development Indicators

Number of small-scale farmers participating in new and existing value chains

Number of successful women & youth participating in commercial agriculture

Number of successful land reform programme

Departments /Agencies Minerals & Energy Economic Development Enterprise Development Private sector Communities

Meaningful beneficiation in the mining sector

Proper land-use planning that supports responsible mining

Job creation and security

Number of SMMEs benefitting from the mining activities

Departments/Agencies Tourism Economic Development Enterprise Development Private sector Communities

Participation of SMMEs in the tourism sector

Job creation

Number of successful SMMEs in the tourism sector

Number of jobs created in the sector

Departments/ Agencies Presidential Infrastructure

Coordination Commission (PICC)

DRDLR Transport Department of Human

Settlements Private sector

Provision of physical infrastructure and supporting services

Job creation

Number of physical infrastructure developed in rural nodes, settlements & villages

Number of families benefitting from bulk infrastructure services


While rural development forms one of the key focus areas of the Department of Rural Development and

Land Reform (DRDLR), the district municipality as well as other sector departments also have a critical

for to play in the realisation of rural economic transformation. As well articulated in the NDP and other

related national development planning policies, the private sector, the civil society as well as

communities that are in need of development must partake in the realisation of the DRDP objectives.

Figure 38: Multi-stakeholder Mapping for Rural Development

District Rural Development

Plan

MULTI-STAKEHOLDER MAPPING

DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT & LAND REFORM

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF TRADE & INDUSTRY

DEPARTMENT OF SMALL & MEDIUM BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

SPATIAL PLANNING AND

LAND-USE PLANNING ACT

DEVELOPMENT BANKS

DEVELOPMENT AGENCIESFINANCIAL

INSTITUTIONSUNIVERSITIES CIVIL SOCIETY COMMUNITIES

VIBRAND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

RURAL INDUSTRIALISATION

Source: ??

The Quadruple Helix as a Sound Institutional Framework for Rural Development

Recent literature on rural development and regional economics also emphasises a quadruple-helix

approach to the funding, implementation as well as monitoring and evaluation of development plans.

This stems from the realisation that the traditional triple helix-informed institutional arrangements

comprising of the government, the private sector and universities did not take into account the salience

of civil society in the production of knowledge for growth.60

60

Rosalba Casas & Matilde Luna, Government, Academia and the Private Sector in Mexico: Towards a New Configuration

of Relationships.


FIGURE 39: A QUADRUPLE HELIX FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT

THe Quadruple Helix for Rural Development PlanningSh

are

d V

isio

n f

or

rura

l de

velo

pm

en

t

Public AdministrationParticipation of sector departments, state-owned

enterprises and agencies in the production of knowledge critical for rural & regional

development

Public & Private Research InstitutionsUniversities, Technology parks, Agricultural

CollegesThese are critical for spearheading Research &

Development in the areas of rural economic innovation, resilience and climate change

Private Sector/BusinessAgriculture, manufacturing, mining sectors as well as ICT firms, creative industries, services

industries, all contributing towards setting the agenda for rural development & job creation

Civil SocietyNGOs, CBOs and citizen-led social movementsall geared towards mobilising resources for the development of sustainable rural settlements

and economies

Source: ??

When tied to a functional regional approach to rural development, the quadruple helix for rural

development results in the emergence of a sound institutional framework with the thickness needed for

scaffolding rural development initiatives. Such an institutional framework also allows for both horizontal

and vertical knowledge generation across all development-oriented stakeholders. So, rural development

as well as regional economic development at large, ceases to become the sole mandate of a single

stakeholder. The intellectual, financial and social capital generated through the quadruple helix

approach to rural development also results in the creation of sound monitoring and evaluation (M&E)

mechanisms.

7.4 Monitoring and Evaluation The significance of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of projects identified in this district rural

development plan cannot be overemphasised. It is suggested therefore that there is a need for

departments tasked with rural development, agriculture, as well as cooperative governance to put in

place sound M&E systems as part of project management. Moreover, the internal governance processes

of DRDLR’s units (i.e. Land Reform and Administration (LRA), Rural Enterprise and Industrial

Development (REID), as well as Rural Infrastructure Development (RID)) must rely on the M&E systems

put in place by the Department to ensure the successful implementation of all identified projects.


Similarly, as this is a district-specific development plan, the district municipality’s capacity to effectively

implement identified projects must be strengthened. Such an initiative would require the employment

of sound M&E techniques as identified in reputable project management systems. These include the

continued refinement of rural development goals, outcomes, outputs, as well as activities and inputs.

The M&E logical framework for instance provides relevant pointers for effective project management.

According to Chaplowe, a logical framework for M&E must comprise of the following components:

TABLE 26: M & E COMPONENENTYS

Project Objectives Indicators Mechanisms for Verification

Assumptions

Goal Project goals must be clear, and they must also include the desired impact of the project.

Impact Indicator Quantitative or qualitative means to measure achievement or to reflect the changes connected to stated goal

Measurement method, data source, and data collection frequency for stated indicator

External factors necessary to sustain the long-term impact, but beyond the control of the project

Outcomes Set of beneficiary and population-level changes needed to achieve the goal (usually knowledge, attitudes and practices)

Outcome Indicator Quantitative or qualitative means to measure achievement or to reflect the changes connected to stated outcomes


External conditions necessary if the outcomes are to contribute to achieving the goal

Outputs Products or services needed to achieve the outcomes

Output Indicator Quantitative or qualitative means to measure completion of stated outputs


Factors out of the project’s control that could restrict or prevent the outputs from achieving the outcomes

Activities Regular efforts needed to produce the outputs

Quantitative or qualitative means to measure completion of stated activities, i.e., attendance at the activities


Factors out of the project’s control that could restrict or prevent the activities from achieving the outcomes

Inputs Resources used to implement activities (financial, materials, human

Quantitative or qualitative means to measure utilization of stated inputs (resources used for activities)


Factors out of the project’s control that could restrict or prevent access to the inputs.61

SOURCE: ??

61

Chaplowe, S.G. (2008) Monitoring and Evaluation Planning: Guidelines and Tool. American Red Cr oss, p. 8.


This logical framework is important not only for rural development but also for strategic spatial planning

at large. It takes into account the varied resources needed for the execution of rural development goals

and objectives. Moreover, it allows for the monitoring of activities tied to the realisation of rural

development projects. Over above this M&E framework, the Department of Performance and

Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME) has developed various M&E instruments that all sector departments

can employ as part of developing effective project management systems in the public service as well as

at local government level.

Annexure 1 147

9 Annexure 1 TABLE 27: STRATEGIC PILLAR / PROGRAMME - RIVER VALLEY

LM WARD NO.

LOCAL AREA

APPROVED BUSINESS PLAN (YES/NO)

FUNDING PACKAGE

PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

PROJECT SIZE

SOURCE OF FUNDING/LOANS

CATEGORY OF FARMER/S

LAND OWNERSHIP

PROJECT ESTIMATED BUDGET

Abaqulusi

6 Alpha

Yes Household Production

Sizamindlela Vegetable production

Vegetable

Install 30ha irrigation system,erect fence and construct pack house with cold room

30ha subsistance

communal

R 2 000 000.00

Abaqulusi

1 Ngoje

No Household Production

Gcamshana River Valley


Vegetables

Development of the 20ha irrigatio

20ha Voted Smallholder

communal

R 1 500 000.00

Annexure 1 148

n infrastructure and fencing

Abaqulusi

4 Zwathi

No Commercialisation

Mpangisweni Vegetable Project


Vegetables

Repairs of irrigation equipment


Private land

R 2 000 000.00

Abaqulusi

4 Zwathi

Yes Commercialisation

Songobe Vegetable production

Vegetables

Development of the 400ha irrigation infrastructure


Private land

R 3 500 000.00

Abaqulusi

14 Mvunyane


Siqophumlando


Vegetables

Development of the 5ha irrigation infrastructure, fencing, land preparation & production inputs


communal

R 400 000.00

Annexure 1 149

Edumbe

8 KwaMpheku


Hlahlindlela Cummunity Irrigation Project

Vegetable & crops

Vegetable

Flood Irrigation infrastructure development & fencing

100ha Voted subsintance

Communal

R 3 500 000.00

Edumbe

6 Mahloshana


Siyaya Community Irrigation project

Vegetable & crops

Vegetable

Flood Irrigation infrastructure development & 7.08km fencing

84ha Voted subsintance

Communal

R 2 500 000.00

Nongoma

14 KwaMusi


KwaMusi River Valley Project


Vegetables

Development of the 250ha irrigation infrastructure

250ha Voted small holder

communal

R 4 000 000.00

Ulundi

6 Dlebe


Dlebe River Valley


Vegetables

Development of the 30ha irrigation infrastructure and


communal

R 2 300 000.00

Annexure 1 150

fencing

Ulundi

5 Dlabane


Dlabane River Valley


Vegetables

Development of the 25ha irrigation infrastructure and fencing


communal

R 1 900 000.00

Ulundi

14 KwaMlaba


Njomelwane River Valley


Vegetables



communal

R 1 500 000.00

Ulundi

17 KwaNobamba


KwaNobamba River Valley


Vegetables


30ha CASP Smallholder

communal

R 1 600 000.00

Annexure 1 151

Nongoma

13 Emaqhineni


Emaqhineni River Valley


Vegetables


20ha CASP Smallholder

communal

R 1 500 000.00

Nongoma

15 Osuthu


Bululwane Irrigation


Vegetables

Construction of a Nursery & Packhouse


communal

R 1 500 000.00

Edumbe

6 Msoco


Msoco River Valley


Vegetables



communal

R 1 500 000.00

Edumbe

8 oPhuzana


Sibonokunye River valley


Vegetables

Development of the 40ha irrigation infrastr


communal

R 2 000 000.00

Annexure 1 152

ucture and fencing

oPhongolo

12 KwaNdlangamandla


Zamokuhle River Valley


Vegetables



communal

R 1 500 000.00

oPhongolo

1 Mbongombongo


Mbongombongo River Valley


Vegetables



communal

R 1 500 000.00

SOURCE: ??

Annexure 1 153

TABLE 28: LAND REFORM

LM WARD NO.

LOCAL AREA


FUNDING PACKAGE

PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

PROJECT SIZE

SOURCE OF FUNDING/LOANS



Abaqulusi

1 Louwsburg


Ingadlangadla farming enterprise

Mixed farming

Livestock, vegetables and grains

Rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure and erection of fence

1118ha

Voted Smallholder

R 6 000 000.00

Abaqulusi

15 Thelezini

No Community Investment

Thelezini Communal Estate

Crop Production



R 3 000 000.00

Abaqulusi

15 Nceceni No Community Investment

Nceceni Communal Estate

Crop Production



R 2 800 000.00

Abaqulusi

3 Cibilili No Community Investment

Cibilili Communal Estate

Crop Production



R 2 500 000.00

Abaqulusi

4 Empangisweni


Empangisweni Communal Estate

Crop Production

Grains Mechanization and construction of a grain milling plant


R 5 000 000.00

Annexure 1 154

Abaqulusi

17 Hlahlindlela


Mzuzini Communal Estate

Crop Production



R 4 500 000.00

Abaqulusi

15 Isigodini No Community Investment

Vimbindlala Communal Estate

Crop Production



R 4 500 000.00

Abaqulusi

21 Ezungwini


Makwabe Communal Estate

Crop Production



R 2 500 000.00

Abaqulusi

22 Vaalbank

not finished

Commercialisation

Imvula Egg production

Layers Construct 3x1000 layer units, storeroom with inputs and bakkie to deliver orders

3000 layers

Voted small holder

R 3 500 000.00

Abaqulusi

15 Thelezini

not finished

Commercialisation

Bonisanani Pig production

Piggery Construction of sow unit 300 sow units

300 sows

Voted subsistance R 12 000 000.00

Abaqulusi

6 Kwa Vilikazi

Not finished

Commercialisation

Sonkophe Broiler production

Broiler Construction of 5x1000 broiler units

5000 broiler units

Voted subsistance R 2 300 000.00

Abaqulusi

22 Zaailagte


Uluntu co op

Pig produ

Piggery Construction of

300 sows

Voted commercial R 12 000

Annexure 1 155

ction 300 sow unit

000.00

Abaqulusi

7 Dagbreek


Black horses primary co-op


Beef Drilling of borehole, development of 40ha of Irrigated pastures and construction of diptank

100 cow herd

Voted small holder

R 1 800 000.00

Abaqulusi

22 Mshomoloza


Ukukhanya KwaseMvuzini

Broiler production

Poultry Refurbishment of 7 existing broiler houses. Supply of 30 000 day-old chiks, feed, medicine & vaccine

30 000 broiler unit

CASP commercial R 8 000 000.00

Abaqulusi

4 Empangisweni


Empangisweni Irrigation

Vegetable & Fruit Production

Vegetable & Fruit Production

Rehabilitation of Irrigation (Centre Pivots) Supply of production input &


R 4 500 000.00

Annexure 1 156

Mechanization

Abaqulusi

12 Othini not finished

Commercialisation

Ngwenya Egg production

Layers Construction of 3x1000 layer unit

3000 layers

small holder

R 2 000 000.00

Ulundi 16 Babanango

No No HH Mthimkhulu

Grain production


45

Ulundi 23 Denny Dalton

No No PW Mbokazi


eDumbe

8 Mlindaziko


Mlindaziko Communal Estate

Crop Production



R 4 000 000.00

Phongolo

1 Fuduka Yes Commercialisation

Fuduka grain project

Grain production

Maize and dry beans



R 3 000 000.00

oPhongolo

1 Mbongombongo

E31° 34' 84.7''

No Crop Production



Cooperative

Annexure 1 157

facilities

SOURCE: ??

Annexure 1 158

TABLE 29: COMMUNAL ESTATE PROJECTS

LM WARD NO.

LOCAL AREA


FUNDING PACKAGE

STRATEGIC PILLAR / PROGRAMME

PROJECT/FARM NAME

PROJECT TYPE

COMMODITY

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

PROJECT SIZE

SOURCE OF FUNDING


LAND OWNERSHIP


Abaqulusi

21 Ezidulini

Yes Community Investment

Communal Estate

Eziduluni

Goat production

Goat Goat Shed, Fencing, handling facilities and equipments

200 heads of cattle

Voted subsistance

communal

R 736 100-00

Abaqulusi

6 Alpha Yes Community Investment

Communal Estate

Sizamindlela


Vegetable

Fencing and irrigation

30ha Voted subsistance

communal

R 1 800 000

eDumbe 5 Mshalane,


Communal Estate

Bhadeni Communal Estate

Crop Production

Grains Mechanization, fencing and installation of grain storage facilities


communal

R 1 800 000

Annexure 1 159

eDumbe 8 Ophuzane


Communal Estate

Mankumbu

Crop Production



communal

0

eDumbe 7 Mahloni


Communal Estate

Zamukuzenzela Piggery

Pig Production

Pig Production

Construction of 50 sows unit & 50 sows feed

50 sows CASP Smallholder

communal

R1 900 000

Ulundi 4 KwaCeza


Communal Estate

KwaCeza Communal Estate

Grain production

Grains Fencing of 300ha of arable lands for Ceza communal lands


Communal

R2 400 000

Ulundi 10 KwaMphothi


Communal Estate

Ezweni Co-operative

Goat production

Goats Fencing , borehole drilling and construction of the goat shed


Communal

R1 450 000

Annexure 1 160

Ulundi 9 Nkonjeni


Communal Estate

Nkombabantu Communal Estate

Crop Production



communal

R2 400 000

Ulundi 13 Nhlazatshe


Communal Estate

Good Luck Communal Estate

Crop Production



CPA R1 300 000.00

Ulundi 6 Dlebe No Community Investment

Communal Estate

Mbambankuzi Communal Estate

Crop Production



communal

R750 000.00

Ulundi 3 KwaCeza


Communal Estate

Nondayana Communal Estate

Crop Production



communal

R800 000

Ulundi 17 Mabedlana


Communal Estate

Zilungiselele Communal Co-

Crop Production



communal

R600 000

Annexure 1 161

operative

Ulundi 17 Ezibindini


Communal Estate

Siyazisiza Cooperative Communal Estate

Crop Production



communal

R600 000

Phongolo

4 Godlwayo


Communal Estate

Ikusasalethu poutry project

Egg production

EGGS Construction of 3x1000 layer unit

3000 layers

Voted Smallholder

communal

R 2 000 000.00

Phongolo

1 Fuduka


Communal Estate

Fuduka grain project

Grain production

Maize and dry beans



Freehold R 3 000 000.00

Phongolo

3 Khiphinyawo


Communal Estate

Delangokubona poultry project

Broiler production

Broiler Construction of 4x1500 broiler unit

6000 birds

Voted Smallholder

communal

R 2 500 000.00

Nongoma

10 Ekuvukeni


Communal Estate

Ekuvukeni Communal Estate

Crop Production

Grains Mechanization, fencing and installation of grain


communal

R 2 500 000.00

Annexure 1 162

storage facilities

Nongoma

11 Ngolotshe

No Communal investment

Communal Estate

Ngolotshe

Goat production

Goat Construction of goat shed and provision of stock

100 goats

subsistence

communal

R 300 000.00

Nongoma

17 KwaMajomela


Communal Estate

KwaMajomela Communal Estate

Crop Production



communal

R 3 000 000.00

Nongoma

16 Kombuzi

No Yes Communal Estate

Kombuzi Aloe processing project

Aloe Processing

Aloe juice

Construction of the aloe processing plant, building of the eath water dam and fencing of the project

50ha Voted subsitance

communal

R5 000 000

Annexure 1 163

Nongoma

11 Maphophoma


Maphophoma

Crop Production

Grains Fencing of 10km, Mechanization and production inputs


communal

R2 800 000

Nongoma

14 Ensimbini


Ensimbini

Crop Production



communal

0

Nongoma

13 Ezilonyeni


Ezilonyeni

Crop Production



communal

0

SOURCE: ??

Annexure 1 164

9.1 OTHER EXISTING PROJECTS TABLE 30: OTHER EXISTING PROJECTS

NAME AREA DISCRIPTION PROJECT CORDINATOR

1. AGRICULTURE

PONGOLA SUGAR PRODUCTION

PONGOLO 47 EMERGING FARMERS SETTLED ON 10 HEACTARE SUGAR FARM

ILLOVO SUGAR COMPANY

BULELWANE IRRIGATION USUTHU 544 FOOD IRRIGATION PROGRAMME,PRESENTLY 70% OF PLOTS A RE ALLOCATED BUT 40% ARE UTULISED,311 FARMERS ARE ALLOCATED PLOTS ON AVERAGE OF 0.654 HA EACH

LIMA RURAL DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

FOOD GARDENERS ZULULAND PROJECT AIMED AT ORGANISING WOMEN TO DO GARDENING

ZULULAND DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

SMALL SCALE TIMBER EMAPHOPHOMA,EMAHASHINI

GROWING OF TIMBER

NGOME TEA ESTATE ABAQULUSI 500 HACTARE TEA ESTATE

SAPEKOA TEA ESTATE SUBSIDIARY OF IDC

PECAN NUT PLANTATION EDUMBE GROWING OF PECANS

MAPHOPHOMA IRRIGATION SCHEME

NONGOMA 80 HACTARE SCHEME WHICH RECQURES THE CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRI VILLAGE AT CORONATION MINE

CORONATION MINE ESTABLISHMENT OF AGRI VILLAGE TO PROVIDE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY TO THE PEOPLE AROUND THIS PLACE

DEDTS LED

BEEF PROCESSING UNIT VRYHEID TWO ABATOIRS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED

STOCK OWNER COOPERATIVE

UKUZAKHA NOKUZENZELA PROGRAMME

THERE ARE FIVE TRACTORS THAT ARE PHOUGHING FOR COMMUNTITY AND SEEDS ARE GICEN

ZULULAND MUNICIPALITY

GAME MEAT PROCESSING UMKHUZE ESTABLISHEMENT OF

Annexure 1 165

UNIT GAME PROCESSING MEAT FOR VENISON

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY

ABAQULUSI INVESTMENT PROSPECTUS FOR ABAQULUSI

ZDM INVESTMENT

SESAME SEED PRODUCTION ABAQULUSI INVESTMENT PROSPECTUS FOR ABAQULUSI

VRYHEID ECONOMIC REGENERATION

ORGANIS SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION



AQUCULTURE AND HYDROPONIC PROJECT



MPUNGOSE PASTURES ULUNDI

2. TOURISM

UQWEQWE BABANANGO PLACE THAT ATTRACTS FRENCH

ZULU REED DANCE NSIBAYA AND ENYOKENI CELEBRATIONS OF ZULU DANCE

ITHALA GAME RESERVE ITHALA A TOURISM PLACE FOR GAME RESERVE

ULUNDI TOIURISIM ULUNDI

UPHONGOLO TOURISM UPHONGOLO THERE ARE SOME DAMS AND LAKES FOR TOURISTS ATRRACTION

NONGOMA TOURISM NONGOMA TOURISTS WANT TO VISIST THE ROYAL FAMILY

ABAQULISI TOURISM ABAQULISI WILD LIF CONSERVATION

3. MANUFACTURING

ILLOVO SUGAR MANUFACTURING

PHONGOLA A AGRO PROCESSING MILL OF SUGAR

ILLOVO COMPANY

SOURCE: ?? TABLE 31: REGIONAL WATER SCHEME PROJECTS

Annexure 1 166

1.Regional Water Scheme projects: Mandlakazi Regional Water Scheme Nkonjeni Regional Water Scheme Coronation Regional Water Scheme eMondlo Regional Water Scheme Khambi Regional Water Scheme (Mountain View Usuthu Regional Water Scheme

2.Buxedeni Cluster This project includes the establishment of Market stalls; community gardens

3. Mkhazana Cluster This project includes the establishment of: Community gardens; crèche and nursery

4. Babanango Cluster This project includes the establishment of Community gardens; crèche and market stalls.

5. Mangosuthu Cluster This project includes the establishment of Craft centre; market stalls, access road; crèche, poultry, sports field.

6. Umzamo Cluster This project includes the establishment of; Crèche, poultry project and a community garden. Project coordinator these projects- CMIP. ZDM. DWAF: CBPWP

SOURCE: ??

TABLE 32: AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS

Annexure 1 167

1.AGRICULTURAL INCUBATION PROGRAMME The agricultural incubation programme aimed to provide technical support to local emerging farmers. The Municipality had engaged the services of Mpumalanga Agri-Skills Development Training to provide training and mentorship. A total of 45 emerging farmers were supported during the three years contract which came to an end in September 2013. The service is currently offered internally through the support of the LED agriculture facilitators. In financial year ending June 2013, a total of eleven emerging farmers received mentorship as well as financial support through the District maize production programme. Moreover the farmers were linked to local markets and will continue to receive further support in preparation for the oncoming planting seasons.

2.MANKOMFANE/MSINGA VEGETABLE PRODUCTION

Activities undertaken in the financial ending June 2013 involved mainly infrastructure development. The scope of work done includes fencing of the earmark area i.e. 150 ha, clearing of trees and vegetation, construction of access roads and installation of centre pivots irrigation system. 2012/13 Annual Report Page 47 UMzinyathi District Municipality 3.3 Agriculture mechanization Thirteen emerging farmers (300 ha of land) were supported with ploughing and planting as part of the mechanization programme. Eight temporary job opportunities for tractor drivers were created during the September 2012- January 2013 planting season.

3. UMZINYATHI MAIZE PRODUCTION Three hundred (300) sites / 11 farms were identified for the 2012/13 maize production initiative which aims to address the socio-economic needs of food security and job creation amongst local communities,

Annexure 1 168

particularly in land reform farms. The beneficiaries received agricultural inputs for maize production, ploughing and planting services under the mechanization programme and continued mentorship and support from the LED agriculture facilitators. At the end of June, some of the sites had completed harvesting e.g. Mankomfane harvested 61 tons of maize which was sold to the local market at R 1 800 per ton.

SOURCE: ??

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