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A newsletter published by National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC)
Mailing address: G.P.O. Box: 1885, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone +977-1-4270667, Fax: +977-1-4272694,
Email: [email protected], [email protected], Website: www.nzfhrc.org.np
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Zoonoses and Food Hygiene News Vol. 21 No. 3 July to September 2015 ISSN: 2091-0932 (Print), 2091-0940 (Online) Government of Nepal, Registration Number: 148/049/050
Late Dr. Durga Datt Joshi, Founder of NZFHRC
Editor-in-Chief Managing Editor
Dr. Padam Raj Bista Dr. Billy R. Heron, USA.
Editorial Panel
Prof. Dr. P.N. Mishra
Dr. Mahendra Maharjan
Ms. Minu Sharma
Dr. Bikash Bhattarai
Ms. MeenaDahal
Mr. Dhan Kumar Pant
Email: [email protected],[email protected]
Website: www.nzfhrc.org.np
Zoonoses and Food Hygiene News, published four times a year,
provides a medium for disseminating technical information on
matters related to zoonoses and food hygiene generated in the world,
particularly in Nepal. The editors welcome submissions on these
topics with appropriate illustrations and references. The views and
opinions expressed in the News are those of the authors.
CONTENTS:
Impact of the great earthquake upon animals and a
foreboding risk of an epidemic outbreak
World Rabies Day 2015 NZFHRC Conducting Rabies
Week Celebrating With Various Events
NEWS
Impact of the great earthquake upon animals and a foreboding
risk of an epidemic outbreak Dr. Rakesh Chand, Veterinary Officer, NZFHRC
On 25th April of 2015, the great earthquake shook Nepal to its core.
What followed was a massive death toll along with a trail of
destruction. Among the inflicted were the animals, may it be
livestock, pets or other. The county saw huge losses in livestock as
they were more widely affected as the rural areas were more affected
and they were kept in confinement. Livestock are commonly kept
either on the ground floor of the house, or under a specific shelter
next to the house, or tied outside along the house. Thus, many
animals were killed as houses or shelters collapsed. This is
particularly the case for cattle which would explain the higher loss.
Poultry birds saw the same fate as they too are kept under large
confined establishments.
Figure 1: Treatment of multiple maggoted wounds due to bad
management and spinal injury due to the collapse of shed during
the earthquake
Fractures, dislocation and spinal injuries were a common sight during
the first days of the earthquake. Puncture wounds and muscle injuries
were also encountered. Severe respiratory distress and pneumonia
like signs followed along with Downers cow, diarrhoea, maggoted
wounds, secondary infections etc. Psychological effects were also
common as post earthquake aggression in dogs was reported across
veterinary hospitals and clinics of Kathmandu valley. Severe stress
syndromes were reported especially in livestock due to trauma,
resulting in abortions, disturbed eating behavior, and even mortality
during subsequent shocks.
Limited veterinary services, abandonment by the owner along with
lack of feed, water supplies and shelter have risked the animal health.
Households are using tarpaulins to protect livestock as 36% of them
report the destruction of their livestock shelter. However when the
monsoon comes, these temporary shelters might not hold and would
not be sufficient to protect animals. Animals deprived of shelter are
also more exposed to predators and an increase in loss of animals due
to attacks by tigers and leopards has been reported. Feed is scarce and
animals are prone to fungal toxins due to feeding of the mouldy mud
covered cereal stocks recovered from the collapsed building.
Livestock reductions in six districts due to the earthquake as
reported in the household survey
Animal Percentage
reduction
Minimum estimated
animal loss
Cattle 16.3% 168,774
Oxen 2.6% 1652
Sheep and goats 4.4% 38,426
Poultry 36.6% 1,282,973
Source: Nepal Earthquake: Agricultural Livelihood Impact Appraisal
in Six Most Affected Districts, FAO
Animal deaths from DLSO reports
District Animal deaths (in % of total population)
Large Small Poultry
Nuwakot 0.9 2.7 1.5
Sindhupalchowk 3.8 8.4 19.4
Rawsuwa 2.0 6.5 21.4
Dhading 1.0 2.1 9.3
Dolakha 0.1 0.3 2.1
Gorkha 0.6 1.4 1.9
Total 1.3 3.3 6.9
Source: Nepal Earthquake: Agricultural Livelihood Impact Appraisal
in Six Most Affected Districts, FAO
Many animal welfare organizations and veterinary personnel came
forward for the rescue and treatment of the suffering animals. Among
them the Nepal Veterinary Association played a significant role in
aiding the affected animals. From May 9th 2015, it started its mobile
health service. The objective included going to the earthquake
affected areas to the animals with a team of veterinary specialists and
do emergency medical treatments (fever, diarrhoea), attending to
injury, treatment of Downers cow syndrome, vitamin and mineral
supplements distribution, deworming, surgical operations and
gynecological treatments, vaccination, management of dead animals
and containment in case of an outbreak of a disease.
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A newsletter published by National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC)
Mailing address: G.P.O. Box: 1885, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone +977-1-4270667, Fax: +977-1-4272694,
Email: [email protected], [email protected], Website: www.nzfhrc.org.np
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Nepal Veterinary Associations relief and treatment operations
Date Location
May 9 Sundarijal, Gokarna, Nayapati, Baluwa (Kathmandu
district)
May 9 Nuwakot (Ranipauwa and Owkharpauwa V.D.C)
May 11/12 Jiling, Kumaltar, Khadak Bhanjyang, Falate,
Gorkhu, Halwae Kalika V.D.C.s
May 16 Ghusel V.D.C. ward no -6,7,8,9
May 17 Ghusel V.D.C. ward number 1 to 5, 6 to 9 follow up
May 18 Chapagaun and Jharwuarashi
May 19/20/21 Jiling, Devighat, Ratmate, Kumaltar followup
May 22 Dhading district
May 23 6 mobile teams left for 7 days to Rasuwa, Nuwakot,
Dhading, Kavre, Sindhupalchwok, Gorkha,
Lamjung, Dolakha, Sinduli and Ramechhap districts
June 7 Kavre
Risk of an epidemic during the post earthquake phase
Large number of carcass and their improper and unhygienic disposal
is thought to contaminate the water and soil. It is a matter of concern
as monsoon is not far off. A time when the society is in chaos and
less concern is being given to the proper management of dead
animals, chances of disease outbreak such as Black Quarter,
Haemorrhagic Septicaemic and FMD cannot be ruled out. Close
living of human and animals since the scarcity of proper shelter may
also help spread zoonotic diseases. Crowding, inadequate water and
sanitation, and poor access to health services, often characteristic of
sudden population displacement increase the risk of communicable
disease transmission. We can take examples of many outbreaks that
occurred all over the world following an earthquake. For example,
acute watery diarrhoea and tetanus in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan (2005),
cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural region of Southern Iran (July 2003),
coccidiomycosis in Southern California (Jan 1994), Malaria in Costa
Ricas Atlantic Region (1991) or the recent 2010s Haiti, where
Human rabies, Leptospirosis, Lymphatic filariasis etc brokeout. The
worst is not yet over. The post earthquake epidemic still holds a great
deal of threat towards the animal as well as human lives. If proper
action towards the management of dead as well as living animals is
not taken, the risk of a zoonotic outbreak is inevitable which may add
more to the list of the earthquake casualties.
World Rabies Day 2015 NZFHRC Conducting Rabies Week
Celebrating With Various Events
Dr. Rakesh Chand, Veterinary Officer, NZFHRC
World Rabies day is celebrated globally on 28th September with a
vision of eliminating rabies from the world. This year Rabies day
was celebrated the world over by millions of people conducting
hundreds of events with the slogan End Rabies Together. In Nepal,
the occasion was celebrated by National Zoonosis and Food Health
Research Center (NZFHRC) by conducting an entire rabies week
where a week long rabies related activities were organized.
School Awareness Program:
School awareness programs were conducted over a number of private
as well as public schools around Kathmandu. Students of grade 8, 9
and 10 were selected for awareness. A preliminary questionnaire
survey was done beforehand to test the knowledge regarding Rabies
in the children. Power point presentation, Rabies videos and
interactive lectures were taken. Quizzes and games related to Rabies
were performed. The awareness programs were conducted on Shree
Shanti Nikunja Secondary School, Bhagwatibari (23rd September),
Cambridge Public High School, Purano Baneshwor (24th September)
and Shree Sworswati Niketan Secondary School (30th September).
Dibya Gyan Higher Secondary School and Mount Glory English
High School were included in the awareness program after the Rabies
week. Over 600 students were made aware of the threat of Rabies. A
KAP survey was also conducted among the parents of the students to
find out their idea towards rabies.
Ride for a cause:
The rabies week was kicked off with a bike rally around the
Bhaktapur district on 23rd September. The rally was organized with
collaborative efforts from District Livestock Office (DLSO)-
Bhaktapur, Bhaktapur Animal Welfare Society (BAWS), National
Zoonosis and Food Health Research Center (NZFHRC) and Riders of
Bhaktapur (ROB). The route was as: Suryabinayak -Katunje- Balkot
Changu Narayan- Nagarkot. Along the way, rabies related
pamphlets and leaflets were also distributed among the residents. The
local stunt and biker club, ROB, also performed bike stunts for the
public. It was a commendable effort for a biker group to aid in a
social cause and raise awareness towards rabies. The involvement of
the local youngsters of Bhaktapur for such a cause was truly
inspiring. Other than this, media personnel were also present to cover
the event which was later telecast on the local television channel.
Radio Program:
A special program on Rabies was broadcast on 28th September on the
occasion of the World Rabies Day 2015 by the national radio station
Radio Nepal-100MHz. The thirty minutes long rabies interview was
given by NZFHRCs Veterinary officer, Dr. Rakesh Chand. The
program included an insight on rabies for the general people. Many
question relating to rabies, its transmission, threat, its prevention,
control and its impact nationally and globally were answered. The
show aired all over the Nepal and aided in providing awareness to the
general public to some extent.
Vaccination programs:
On World Rabies day, mass vaccination, wound treatment and
deworming of dogs were performed around the Chagal and Dallu
areas. About 52 dogs were vaccinated and about 80 dewormed. Stray
and community owned dog were treated for injury. Pet owner rabies
questionnaire survey was also performed. Rabies handouts were
distributed among the local residents. Banners and stickers of rabies
awareness were provided to local club and shops.
Rabies vaccination camps were also organized in collaboration with
the District Livestock Office- Bhaktapur. The details of the camps are
as follows:
Date Address Animals vaccinated
(Dogs)
22nd September V.D.C. office, Challing 79
24th September Animal Service Center,
Jhaukhel
99
25th September Jitpur, Sudal 70
26th September Thimi-3, Bode 50
About 298 dogs were vaccinated in collaboration with the DLSO-
Bhaktapur and 52 individually by NZFHRC. DLSO-Bhaktapur
vaccinated in total of 580 dogs during the rabies week.
World Rabies Day:
A mass rally was organized on the rabies day which included
veterinary professionals, paravets, public health officials, health
workers, welfare groups and other stakeholders. The awareness rally
started from Directorate of Animal Health, Tripureshwor and around
the Kathmandu city and back. After the rally, an interaction program
regarding Rabies was conducted at Epidemiology and Disease
Control division (EDCD) of Ministry of Health and Population
Department of Health Services. The national scenario of rabies and
its control strategies were discussed. History of Rabies in the country,
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A newsletter published by National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC)
Mailing address: G.P.O. Box: 1885, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone +977-1-4270667, Fax: +977-1-4272694,
Email: [email protected], [email protected], Website: www.nzfhrc.org.np
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past actions and future plans against the disease were reviewed
during the meeting. Ultimately The Rabies week 2015 was a big
success. Another step towards the war against rabies. As the slogan
End Rabies Together suggested, a collaborative effort and
significant contribution was made from different sectors to make
World Rabies Day 2015 a triumphant event.
Photo: Rabies mass rally
Photo: Shanti Nikunja school-group picture at school premises.
Photo: Answering the questions of student at Cambridge Public High
School.
Photo: Free anti rabies vaccination campaign at Chagal, Kathmandu.
Photo: Dr. Rakesh Chand lecturing on rabies at school.
Photo: Free anti rabies vaccination campaign.
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A newsletter published by National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC)
Mailing address: G.P.O. Box: 1885, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone +977-1-4270667, Fax: +977-1-4272694,
Email: [email protected], [email protected], Website: www.nzfhrc.org.np
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Photo: Smiles on face of students during the interaction programme
at Shree Sarswoti Niketan Secondary School, Kathmandu.
NEWS
Media broadcast
On the occasion of World Rabies Day 2015, NZFHRC's Veterinary
Officer, Dr. Rakesh Chand delivered a half an hour long interview
programme regarding rabies on the national radio station Radio
Nepal.
Participation in International Symposium held in Thailand
The 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific:
Ms. Minu Sharma, Program Coordinator participated in the
International Symposium The 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses
Symposium for Asia Pacific which was held under the collaboration
with University of Minnesota, United States, Free University Berlin,
Germany, ILRI International Livestock Research Institute, Com
Across Project and Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University during 3rd
5th August 2015 at Holiday Inn Chiang Mai Hotel, Chiang Mai,
Thailand. She has presented a poster presentation of article entitle
Reducing Vulnerability to the Threat of Japanese Encephalitis
Transmission in High Risk Districts in Nepal.
The international symposium designed to provide opportunity for
current Master of Veterinary Public Health (International Program)
students and participants from various countries including Vietnam,
Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Portugal, USA and Thailand to present
their research abstracts in food safety, zooneses and One Health
areas. The event also aimed to operate collaboration for transferring
knowledge, experiences, problems and taking appropriate action on
food safety and zoonoses in the Asia Pacific region.
Recruitment at NZFHRC
Dr. Anita Ale rejoined at National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene
Research Centre (NZFHRC) as a Veterinary Officer who successfully
completed her Masters degree in Veterinary Public Health (MVPH)
from Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany and Chiang Mai University
(CMU), Thailand under DAAD (German Academic Exchange
Service) scholarship. We would heartily welcome her in our centre.
Dr. Rakesh Chand recently joined at National Zoonoses and Food
Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC) as a Veterinary Officer who is
a fresh graduate (B.V. Sc. & A.H.) from Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science (IAAS), Tribhuvan University (TU), Rampur,
Chitwan. We would warmly welcome him in our centre.
DDJ Research Award:
Please kindly submit your research work report on zoonotic diseases
for to consideration of DDJ Research award for the year 2015 by
the end of December 2015 to NZFHRC office Chagal, G.P.O. Box
1885, Kathmandu, Nepal, Phone: 4270667, 4274928 and Fax
4272694. This award was established by DDJ Research Foundation
in 2071 B.S. (2014) on the memory of Founder of this Foundation,
Late, Dr. D.D. Joshi. The award includes a grant of NCRs. 25,001/-
(Rs. Twenty Five Thousand and One) with certificate.
K.D.M.A. Research Award:
Please kindly submit your research work paper on allergy award for
the year 2015 for the consideration by the end of December to
KDMART office Chagal, G.P.O. Box 1885, Kathmandu, Nepal,
Phone: 4270667, 4274928 and Fax 4272694. This award was
established by Late Dr. Durga Datt Joshi in 2049 B.S. (1992) on the
memory of his wife, the late Mrs. Kaushilya Devi Joshi. The award includes a grant of NCRs. 15,001/- (Rs. Fifteen Thousand and One)
with certificate.
From: Zoonoses& Food Hygiene News, NZFHRC P.O. Box 1885, Chagal, Kathmandu, Nepal. TO:
Dr/Mr/Ms .............................................................................
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