zoo integumentary

8/7/2019 Zoo INTEGUMENTARY

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For Protection

For Absorption of Vitamin D

For Regulation of Body

Temperature

For Respiration (frog)


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Skin

Hair

Nails

Enamel of the Teeth


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an organ of the integumentary

system made up of a layer of

tissues that guard underlyingmuscles and organs.

it is the largest organ of our body

that covers 15% of our bodyweight.


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Epidermis- outermost layer of the skin

- thinner layer

- has no blood supply- it is nourish by the diffusion of the dermis

- divided into layers namely:

a. stratum corneum (non-living layer)

b. stratum lucidum (clear layer)

c. stratum granulosum (granular layer)

d. stratum germinativum (living layer)


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*Epidermal derivatives- hair, nails, claws,

scutes, hoofs, beaks &bills, horny scales,

feathers, spines, enamel of the teeth glands

and horn.

Dermis (true skin)

- innermost skin layer

- thicker layer

- with blood supply

*Dermal derivatives- scales of fishes, antlers,

dentine and bony plates.


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Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

- separates the skin from the underlying

muscles.

- it is where the adipose (subcutaneous

fat) is located.

- it consist of loose connective tissue

and elastin.

- it contains 95% of body fat.


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Chromatophores

Glands


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specialized connective tissue cells

which contains pigments.

present in the frog but absent in man(man has pigments which are just

scattered throughout the skin)


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Melanophores- connective tissue cellswhich contain black or brown pigment.

Lipophores- connective tissue cellswhich contain red and yellow pigments.a.) erythrophores- contain red

pigment ( erythrocin)

b.) xanthophores- contain yellowpigment (xanthin)


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Guanophores- connective tissue cells

which contain a colorless, whitecrystalline material (guanine) which

makes the animal irridescent.

Example: Fishes Photophores- connective tissue cells

which make the animal luminous.

Example: Deep sea sharks


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Cell or tissue that manufactures and secretes

special substances.

nicellular Gland- one-celled glands.

Example: Lingual Glands

Multicellular Glands- many-celledglands.

Example: Mucous Glands


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Merocrine Gland- the glandular cells merely producethe secretion and no part of the cell goes together

with the secretion; the cell then remains intact.

Example:Sweat Gland

Apocrine Gland- the secretion gathers at the tip of

the gland.

Example: Mammary Gland

Holocrine Gland- the entire cell which produces thesecretion goes together with the secretion so that new

cells are constantly produced to replace the lost cells.

Example: Oil Gland


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Serous Gland- watery, thin film of

secretion

Example: Sweat gland Oily Gland- oily, thick secretion

Example: Oil Gland

Mucous Gland- slippery secretion due tomucin.

Example: Mucous Gland


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Hairs are characteristic features of

mammals.

These grow in humans over most of thebody, but vary in size and density in

different regions.

The hair color depends upon thee amount

of melanin.


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The nails are hard, slightly arched

plates covering the tips of the fingers

and toes. Nails develop from theepidermis.

Horny plate of epidermal origin.


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External calcified layer of a tooth.

Also occurs in certain scales.

Also occurs in certain scales.


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Epidermis derived from ectoderm Gives rise to glands

Dermis derived from mesoderm

Largest organ in the body.

Dermology

2-3mm thick (adult)

Figure 8.1


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Presence or absence of

bone in dermis

Glands in aquaticforms

Specializations in

epidermis of land

dwellersFigure 8.4: African hairy frog with

specialized hairs acting as auxiliary

respirator organs.


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No stratum corneum

Many unicellular glands

Like goblet cells, secretesmucus

Photophores

Scales

Use for respiration

Mucous glands


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Dermal bone plates

became skull

Ancient armor

Rhomboid scales

Modern fishCycloid and ctenoid

scales

Placoid and ganoidscales

Figure 8.7: Cycloid, ctenoid, placoid, and ganoid scales of modern fish.

Figure 8.6


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Ctenoid scales

Growth rings or annuli

Fish have no epidermal

scales Scales are dermal

Figure 8.9


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Loses dermal scales

Exception: caecilian

Epidermal multicellular glandsabundant

Stratum corneum


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Few glands (dry skin)

Thick stratum

corneum withmodifications

Epidermal scales

Figure 8.18: Desert horned lizard.


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Some reptiles have

remnants of dermalarmor (osteoderms)

Osteoderms beneath

some epidermal scales

Gastralia- large

osteoderms

Alligator and skinks

True dermal bones

Turtles

Figure 8.19: Osteoderms

(dermal plates) of alligator.


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Shell of dermal bone

Carapace (shell) dorsal

Plastron- ventral

Mesoplastron additionalbone on primitive, extinct

turtles

Nuchal- diagnostic bone

Figure 8.20


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Turtles have epidermal

scutes- large epidermal

scales Snakes have scutes on

belly

Spikes and spines areepidermal

Figure 8.21: snake belly scutes (a) and

white bony plate of turtle with scutes

(a)

(b)


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Femoral pores Occur ventrally, waxy

excretion

Many lizards, turtlesand snakes have scent

or cloacal glands

Snakes use forked

tongue to pick up scent(Jacobsons organ)

Figure 8.22:

PrairieRattlesnake.

Figure 8.23:

Jacobsons

organ.


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Few epidermal scales

Legs and beak

Dermal scales are

absent

Claws- diversified

Few glands

Uropygial gland-preening gland

Dermal scales absentFigure 8.24: Feather type.


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Modification of reptilian scales

3 types

Contour- flight feather

provides wing shape

Down- beneath contour feather

Filoplume- long shaft

lost its vane


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Modifications of stratum corneum Hair, claws, nails, hooves

Hair

Like filoplume feather andlack detail

Vibrissae

Specialized hairs

Tactile in functionFigure 8.25: Vibrissae of harbor seal.


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Baleen Plate

Toothless whales

horny sheets of oral

ectodermNot bone

Used for filter

feeding Tori pads

Epidermal padsFigure 8.26: Products of stratum corneumtori.


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Horns In Bovine family

Outgrowth of dermal

core

Unbranched

Covered by epidermal

horny, keratinized

sheath

PermanentFigure 8.27: Bovine horn.


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Antlers and horns ofgiraffe

Deer

Dermal bones Dermal bone of

antler attaches to

skull bone Shed annually

Outside layer is

highly vascularized

Figure 8.28: Antler.


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Hypodermic

Subcutaeneous

Intracutaneous Diaphoresis

Pores

Furunide

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