Zionism Movement and the Zionism Movement and the HolocaustHolocaust

Words To KnowWords To Know

• ZionismZionism – movement to form a Jewish state in – movement to form a Jewish state in IsraelIsrael

• HolocaustHolocaust – mass murder of Jews and other – mass murder of Jews and other prisoners by the Germans in World War IIprisoners by the Germans in World War II

• Holy LandHoly Land – place where Biblical events – place where Biblical events occurredoccurred

• Concentration CampsConcentration Camps- places where Jewish - places where Jewish prisoners were confinedprisoners were confined

• PalestiniansPalestinians – Arabs in Palestine (present day – Arabs in Palestine (present day IsraelIsrael

• RefugeesRefugees – people fleeing from a land – people fleeing from a land

History of Anti-Semitism in the Middle East

• 70 B.C.E – The Romans conquered Palestine and required Jews to worship Roman Gods.

• Death of Jesus Christ and the establishment of Christianity as an official religion

• Laws were passed that prevented people from eating with, working with, or mixing with Jews.

• Jews were forbidden to run for office and participate in government.

History of Anti-Semitism Continued• The 1st Crusades

• “Baptism or Death”• Nearly 10,000 Jews died

because they refused to convert

• One leader vowed “to leave no single member of the Jewish race alive.”

• Because of the Crusades, many Jews fled to Eastern and Central Europe.

Reasons Continued…• 1400s and 1500s

• Jews were relegated to jobs in banking which resulted in the stereotype of them as “money-hungry.”

• Blamed for various problems in the community• Forced to live in isolated “ghettos”• Artists portrayed Jews as devils and as Satan.

• Over time, Jews were driven from Central Europe and • settled in Poland and Russia.• In the 1800s, Jews were murdered in organized killings • called pogroms.

The BIG Picture

Anti-Semitism followed Jewish People

wherever they went!!!!

ZIONISM!!!!

The Solution To Anti-Semitism

Positive and Negative Arguments for the Zionist Movement

• Jews could no longer live as minority in other countries

• Jews could no longer expect non-Jewish governments to protect them.

• Jews needed a country of their own to escape persecution.

• Biblical obligation to live in the land of Israel.

• The land was promised to them as the land of their roots.

• Jews needed a country of their own to faithfully fulfill their religious obligations.

Theodor HerzlTheodor Herzl

By 1897 Theodor Herzl's By 1897 Theodor Herzl's book book The Jewish StateThe Jewish State spread like wildfire spread like wildfire throughout the Jewish throughout the Jewish world and Herzl became world and Herzl became the most recognizable the most recognizable leader of the Zionist leader of the Zionist movement when he movement when he presided over the first presided over the first international Zionist international Zionist Congress.Congress.

Taking Sides of Jewish Homeland

• At the end of WWI, Britain gained Palestine.

• British government limited the migration of Jews to Palestine.

• Jews were angry because they helped Britain to gain Palestine.

• This sentiment increased animosity between the Jewish population and the Arab population that already lived in Palestine.

Eventually, the Balfour Declaration was declared. It recognized Palestine as a “Jewish” state.

Images of the HolocaustImages of the Holocaust

• It is estimated that It is estimated that 6 million 6 million Jews were Jews were murdered during the World War IImurdered during the World War II

Images of the HolocaustImages of the Holocaust

• German soldiers often looked for Jews German soldiers often looked for Jews and would treat them harsh. Many Jews and would treat them harsh. Many Jews were confined to were confined to concentration campsconcentration camps..

Images of the HolocaustImages of the Holocaust

• Many Jewish families were divided during Many Jewish families were divided during the the HolocaustHolocaust. Some never saw each . Some never saw each other again.other again.

Images of the HolocaustImages of the Holocaust

• Symbols such as the one below Symbols such as the one below represented represented Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism. Anti-. Anti-Semitism is hatred toward Jewish people.Semitism is hatred toward Jewish people.