zheng_nuclear safety measures of china for npp after fuku-zmg

8/2/2019 ZHENG_Nuclear Safety Measures of China for NPP After Fuku-Zmg

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Nuclear Safety Measures of China for

NPP after Fukushima Accident

Dr. Zheng MingguangShanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute(SNERDI)

March 20, 2012 IAEA, Vienna


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Contents1. Forward2. Activities and Safety

Evaluation taken for NPPs in

China after Fukushima accident

3. SafetyMargin Improvement Measuresbeing or to be implemented in

NPPs

4. Present Nuclear powerdevelopment

5. Proposals andsuggestions to IAEA

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SNERDI found in Feb 8 1970 isresponsible for the technicalintroduction of AP1000 and thedevelopment of CAPs


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201110.5612571.2%87400GWh1.85%The total electric power capacityof China at the end of 2011 is

about 1.056103 GWe, in whichthe nuclear power capacity is

around 12.57 GWe about 1.2%and electric power output is

about 87400 GWh of 1.85%.

201115

By now, all operatingnuclear power reactors have

good performance, no abnormal

nuclear events happened.

1. Forward

5 5

11

20

28

26

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

2006-2011 Total Nuclear Units

Units in Operation

Units in Construction

69589078 9078 9078

1080812570

4930 4540

11020

21780

30970 30180

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

2006-2011 Total Nuclear Power Capacity

(MWe)

Capacity in Operation Capacity in Construction


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20114.6911.7%The total electric power consuming of China in 2011 isabout 4.69106 GW hr, which is approach to 11.7% increasecompared to last year. Normally, the increase of west area is

much higher than eastern coastal areas. There is only way

out with nuclear power for the sustainable and

green development of Chinese economy.

1. Forward

AreasPower Cosuming

(GWhr)Increase

Whole

Country4.69E+06 11.70%

East area 2.30E+06 9.60%

Middle Area 9.07E+05 12.10%

West Area 1.16+6 17.20%

North-East

Area3.28E+05 7.90%

Whole

Country20%

East area

16%

Middle Area

21%

West Area

29%

North-East

Area

14%

The power consuming for different

area of China in 2011


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1 Start safety evaluation on alloperating nuclear facilities immediately.

2Enhance the safety management ofall operating nuclear facilities.

3Conduct a comprehensive review on all theNPPs under construction.4Strictly review and approvenew nuclear power projects which shall be based onadvanced standards and technology. Suspend approval of

new NP projects until the nuclear safety plan is in place.

2.Safety Evaluation after Fukushima accident2.1 Quick response from central government of China 2011316

( ) StateCouncil Executive Conference reaffirmed Safety First duringthe nuclear power development and set forth four nationalresolutions on March 16, 2011 as follows:


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2.2 Immediately start comprehensivesafety inspection activities1 To satisfy the four national resolutions, safetyAdministration (NNSA), National Energy Administration(NEA) and China Earthquake Administration (CEA)

organized and implemented Nuclear Safety ComprehensiveInspection for all operating and constructing nuclear facilities.

2Owners and utilitiesof operating and constructing NPPs performs self-review and

response and response to the requirements of NNSA.3 Inspection scope and contents are Based onChinese condition and refer to the lessons of Fukushimaaccidents and the relative international safety assessment.

Twelve inspection fields are focused as follows:

2.Safety Evaluation after Fukushima accident


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2.3 Safety Inspection FieldsNo.

Inspection Category

Inspection Field1.

External events

Adequacy review ofexternal events evaluated during the site selection process

2. Evaluation on capability of floodprotection and flood control of nuclear power plants

3. Evaluation on seismic resistancecapacity of nuclear power plants

Inspection on fire protection system ofnuclear power plant

4.

5. Prevention and mitigationmeasures against accident resulting from a variety of extreme

natural events combined6.

Severe accident

Station Black Out accident analysis and evaluation,

availability and emergency plan for additional power supply

after losing the emergency power supply

7. Evaluation on its reliability ofprevention and mitigation countermeasures against SA


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No.

Inspection Category

Inspection Field8.

Emergency

management

Plan of dealing with mass disturbancesevent

9. Effectiveness of environmentalmonitoring system and emergency response system

10.

Projectmanagement and

design

Quality assurance plan ofconstruction, installation, pre-operation test

11. Evaluation on theproject management and process control of nuclear power

plants under construction12.

Other Potential weakness

2.3 Safety Inspection Fields


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2.4 General Results of Safety Evaluation1 Using the current effective

nuclear safety regulations and guidelines, all NPPs in China

are safe and reliable. The Chinese siteselection conditions are better than that of Japan. The

design basis flood of costal sites are all considered the

tsunami factor. Only one site is forced to take measures

to defend the external flood due to updating site data.

Basically NPPsunder operation and construction are already with or

will consider severe accident management.



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2.4 General Results of Safety Evaluation2The challenge of the extreme natural

hazards such as beyond design basis earthquake and tsunamiwould possibly result into great safety impacts. So plant floodcontrol design basis shall be reviewed with new standards.

Present nuclear power plants areall located in regions of lower earthquake frequency.

6.5Seas near sitesare shallow with long continental shelter and with lowearthquake strength (below 6.5) i.e. very low big tsunamipossibility.

Initial draft results show that Chinesecoastal tsunami flood produced by earthquake from remoteOcean is much less than storm surges considered in designbasis flood combination events, and has no impact tohydrological safety report of coastal nuclear power plants.



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2.5AP1000Results of Safety Evaluationfor AP1000 under Fukushima accident:

AP1000AP1000Although Fukushimascenario is impossible to occur in AP1000 sites at Sanmen

and Haiyang the evaluation was made by Westinghouseand SNERDI separately to demonstrate AP1000 can keep

safe in Fukushima scenario:

No fuel damage would occur inthe reactor core or in the spent fuel pool.

Containment integrity is maintained. No unacceptable radiological

material releases would occur.

72No off site assistance is required within72 hours.


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3.1 Safety enhancement requirements onOperating NPP Check water

seals for ducts, doors and windows, penetrations, pipes, etcto prevent safety-related buildings and equipment ofnuclear power plants being flooded.

Add the portablepower supplies, movable pumps and correspondinginterfaces to maintain safety-related function under stationblackout event.

Perform seismic PSA andseismic margin analysis. Establish and implement the severe

accident management guideline.

3. Safety Margin Improvement Measures

3


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3.1 Safety enhancement requirements onOperating NPP

Evaluate the survivability and availability ofequipments for mitigation and the probability of hydrogenexplosion and make improvement if necessary, etc.

Perform Qinshan flood protection engineering projectbased on evaluation of potential flood event.

Finish the review andevaluation of earthquake and Tsunami, and make upgradeor improvement if necessary.

Establish anintegrated, coordinated, emergency response preparednessfor multi units sites.


3


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3.2 Safety enhancement Requirementson NPP under construction

Water seals shall beprovided for ducts, doors and windows, penetrations,

pipes, etc to prevent safety-related buildings and

equipment of nuclear power plants being flooded.

The portable power supplies,movable pumps and corresponding interfaces shall be

provided to maintain safety-related function under stationblackout event.


3


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3.2 Safety enhancement Requirements onNPP under construction

Enhance the capacity of watermakeup and monitoring for spent fuel pool.

Establish and implement thesevere accident management guideline including the

survivability and availability.

Evaluate

the hydrogen removal capability under severe accident

and make improvement if necessary; etc


3


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3.2 Safety enhancement Requirements onNPP under construction

Analyzeand evaluate the capacity and reliability of severe accident

mitigation for duplex configuration plant.

Enhance the nuclear powerplants emergency handling capabilities includingadequacy review of environment supervision andmonitoring.

Improve thefunction and habitability of emergency operation facilityunder severe accident and make improvement ifnecessary.


3


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3.2 Safety enhancement Requirements on NPPunder construction

Perform seismic margin analysis.

Establish alertsystem(including the information with weather bureau,

oceanic administration, seismic administration etc.) to

improve the capacity of external hazard response.

Establish an integrated, coordinated,emergency response system and evaluate its efficiency of

complete functions for multi units sites.


3


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3.2 Safety enhancement Requirementson NPP under construction

Evaluate the reliability of the digitalized safetyprotection system in design, verification and failure

analysis etc. and make improvement if necessary.

Further improve theprobability risk assessment including external events.

Furtherimprove the waste disposal system and the effectiveness

research of waste disposal system under severe accident

conditions.

3.Safety Margin Improvement Measures

3


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3.3 Safety requirements on newNPP application for construction permit

The site selectionand design shall be based on the updating or advanced

national safety guides/regulations and IAEA safety guide.

Choose the type of reactorwith more proven and advanced technology providing

inherent safety.

Controlthe scale and the speed of nuclear power plants

construction for the time being.


3


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3.3 Safety requirements of newNPP application for construction permit

Ensure the gaseous and liquid effluents have no

unacceptable impacts on the environment and the public

when the nuclear reactors are under normal operation oraccident conditions.

Thepossibility of significant release of radioactive material

shall be truly eliminated for new plants constructed after2015 through design.



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Tianwan

4.--Nuclear power development

Beijing

Qinshan I,II,III

Daya BayLingao I,II

Shanghai

Taohuajiang

Xianning

Pengze

Shidaowan

24Other 24 units is under permission

1515 units in operation

Fangjiashan

Changjiang

Ningde

Fuqing

Yangjiang

Taishan (EPR)

Sanmen

Haiyang

Hongyanhe

Fangchenggang

2222 units under construction

Jingyu

Luoyang

Pengan

Fuling

Changde

Baiyin

XudabaoDonggan

Xuyu

Wenzhou

ZhangzhouPutian

Lufeng

Wuhu

Jiyang

Sanming

Fengdu

80More than 80 units is proposed -21-


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4. Nuclear power development------ Progress of Sanmen unit 1 & 2

4 N l d l t


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(General Parameter) AP/CAP1000 CAP1400

(Nominal core power MWt3400 4040

(Anticipated electric power MWe ~1250 ~1500(Reactor coolant average temp 300.9 304.0RCSReactor coolant operating pressure MPa 15.5 15.5(Number of fuel assemblies) 157 193

(Fuel assemblies type) AP1000 type AP1000 type or newdevelopment type

(Average linear power )W/cm 187 181(Steam generator type ) 125 New development SGSG(SG outlet steam pressure)Mpa 5.61 6.02- Steam flow per loopkg/s 944 1122RCP design flowm3/h 17886 21640DNBR DNBR margin >15% >15%

4. Nuclear power development

AP1000/CAP1400 Overall Plant Parameters


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Enhance the safety of NPPs isthe first important basis for the sustainable development of

Nuclear Power. In order to ensure energy supply, optimize energystructure, and control greenhouse-gas emissions,development of China needs nuclear power.

During thedevelopment of nuclear power, China insists the SafetyFirst principle, which is the state policy or premise.

China will work closewith other countries, and try our best to increase the nuclearsafety level.

So I do propose as follows:

5. Proposals or suggestions


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5.1Enhance PublicNuclear concepts

It is very important to improve and enhance the publicawareness of nuclear safety, which could help to prevent

unnecessary chaos after the nuclear accident.

Public awareness of nuclearsafety is a further basis for the development of nuclear

power.

5.2 Enhance nuclear Personnel Training

The personnel training and ability of nuclear emergencyresponse and accident mitigation is extremely important

for the development of nuclear safety.

5. Proposals and suggestions


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5.3 Improve the Efficiency of WasteTreatment Systems

Improve the efficiency of wastetreatment system is an effective way to reduce the

influence on surrounding environment as well as thepublic panic.

The technology of near-zerodischarge of liquid effluent under normal operation to

environment and the solution to the liquid waste

treatment under severe accident show the great

importance for the future waste treatment technology.



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5.4 PSAExtension PSA Scope PSAIt is

necessary and urgent to perform risk analysis and PSA

for spent fuel pool and related external events.

The newcodes and standards for the extension PSA is actively

prepared and relevant research is undergoing. PSA

An extension PSA can providecomprehensive technical support for plant designoptimization and operation management, and assure the

NPP safety, reliability and economy.



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There is no frontier for nuclear safety. Any serious accident inany country will affect world nuclear power development in all

the countries. So I suggest IAEA would be issue more strict toprequirements on nuclear safety and environment protection fornew NPPs to push innovation and technical progress.

5.5 Technical suggestions

Quantitative limits of rad-waste in solid, liquid, gas per MWe Personnel and total radioactivity per unit

Safety target requirements CDF(10-6~7), LRF(10-7~8) andpractical elimination of radiation release incidents or

accidents which would impact to environment High burn-up and efficient fuel cycle

Reliability and availability as well as efficiency

5.Proposals and suggestions


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Thank you

zheng_nuclear safety measures of china for npp after fuku-zmg

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