ZAPS Your Source Water

Brandon GarnerDavidson Water, Incorporated

What is a ZAPS?!?

“ZAPS LiquID Station is an optical monitoring instrument unlike any other”

What Can It Do?

• Provide continuous monitoring for around 30 various water quality parameters depending on configuration

• Alert operations staff of alarm status• Provide data trending and collection

How Does This Thing Work?

• ZAPS utilizes Hybrid Multispectral Analysis (HMA)– Light at various wavelengths– Fluorescence– Absorption/Transmission– Scattering

Direct or Indirect Measurements?

The answer is both…• Depending on the parameter in question ZAPS may be making a direct

measurement or an indirect measurement• Examples of direct measurement are Turbidity and UVA• Example of indirect measurement is Refined Hydrocarbon• The biggest difference being whether or not you have a true “0”

ZAPS at DWI

• Our unit is configured as follows:– Refined Hydrocarbons (dfu)– Phycobilin (dfu)– Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (FDOM) (dfu)– UVA (254 nm)– Chlorophyll a (µg/L)

What Is It Telling Us?

• An ongoing process of data collection and analysis• Ideally it would allow us to set operational parameters for

maintaining water quality in our reservoirs• When to operate pumps• When to use alum• Other?

Lots of Data and What to Do?

• ZAPS Web User Interface (WUI)– Stores data– Provides data trending

• Statistical Analysis through Excel– Allows you to “hone in” on where you need to be– Opportunity to scrub the data for suspicious events

Example: Raw Data Dump

PM Index [Daily]Max

Refined Hydrocarbons ( (DFU)) [Daily]Avg

Refined Hydrocarbons ( (DFU)) [Daily]Min

Refined Hydrocarbons ( (DFU)) [Daily]Max

Sample Pressure kPa ( (KPa)) [Daily]Avg

Sample Pressure kPa ( (KPa)) [Daily]Min

Sample Pressure kPa ( (KPa)) [Daily]Max

UVA ( (m-1)) [Daily]Avg

UVA ( (m-1)) [Daily]Min

UVA ( (m-1)) [Daily]Max

1.04 1.08 0.00 4.41 11.76 4.09 13.30 0.79 0.52 1.41

1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.31 5.21 5.47 13.83 13.80 13.90

1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.28 4.78 5.84 15.57 14.00 16.30

1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.09 4.67 5.79 15.83 13.40 16.60

1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.08 4.73 5.69 12.44 8.51 16.60

1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.03 4.57 5.58 10.43 5.74 14.40

1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.78 1.59 5.53 8.24 4.86 12.00

1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.93 4.51 5.42 6.98 5.69 13.20

1.04 0.32 0.00 6.53 5.68 4.57 7.39 5.67 4.58 11.60

0.91 3.58 0.00 6.21 6.80 6.22 7.34 5.11 4.60 6.06

0.91 4.85 1.80 9.28 6.62 5.79 7.39 4.82 4.42 5.48

0.91 9.76 7.71 14.95 6.43 5.84 6.91 4.41 3.77 4.66

0.91 10.76 6.88 14.01 6.31 5.79 6.75 3.91 3.61 4.35

0.91 13.73 10.32 18.24 5.98 5.42 6.48 3.59 3.29 3.97

0.91 13.79 9.92 15.79 5.95 5.26 6.38 3.48 3.23 3.78

0.91 13.42 8.66 16.11 6.01 5.31 6.38 3.39 3.05 3.86

0.91 8.58 0.00 16.49 5.87 5.42 6.38 5.94 2.94 14.20

0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.87 5.47 6.38 11.33 10.10 12.40

0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.85 5.37 6.32 11.73 10.50 12.70

0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.77 5.37 6.32 9.63 7.65 11.00

0.91 0.04 0.00 4.38 5.80 5.26 6.38 7.40 5.42 9.29

0.91 4.48 0.00 10.76 5.80 5.31 6.48 6.16 5.13 9.72

0.91 4.27 0.00 18.93 5.85 5.42 6.38 8.43 5.73 14.90

Determining How Best to Use Your Data

• You must collect data for a significant period of time to determine how to use it

• Understand the limitations of the unit as it pertains to your specific site

Refined Hydrocarbons

• Easy to determine a baseline– Statistical analysis or just look at it– We expect to see something so zero is not an option

• Not so easy to determine an actual event– Does the trend spike or gradually rise?– Are the river pumps running?

• Even harder to determine if an event is significant

Limitations of Data

• Sample location– Currently sample is pulled from the River Pumps Wet Well– Flow is dependent upon how many river pumps are in operation– Long lag time if no pumps are running

• Outcome measures– Another challenge is to determine what the outcome measures

should be and where to measure them

Outcome Measures

• Unfortunately at this time, it is very difficult to determine an outcome measure for many of these parameters

• After being pumped from the river our raw water is stored onsite for an average of 15 days

• Difficult to correlate a sample from inlet to outlet of three reservoirs• Another difficulty is determining exactly what we are being told in terms

of water quality

What are DWI’s Benefits?

• We have narrowed down a relative baseline for Refined Hydrocarbons (operationally we look at 7.5 dfu)

• Have begun narrowing down the levels of concern for Refined Hydrocarbons to set alarm limits

• Alarm limits will alert staff when to stop pumping from the river

What’s the Future for ZAPS at DWI?

• Improve sampling location• Look into options for Outcome Measurements• Continue “fine-tuning” data on Refined Hydrocarbons• Begin looking more closely at other parameters to determine

what is useful operational data• Changing parameters of concern and/or adding parameters

References

• ZAPS Technologies, www.zapstechnologies.com

Questions