Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: [Northumbria University and Czech Technical University Preproposal] Date Submitted: [10, November, 2015]Source: [Zabih Ghassemlooy and Stanislav Zvanovec]Company: [Northumbria University and Czech Technical University] Address: [Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, U.K., Technicka 2, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic]Voice: :[+44191 2274902, +420 224 355 966], FAX: [+441912273684, +420 233 339 958], E-Mail:[z.ghassemlooy@northumbria.ac.uk, xzvanove@fel.cvut.cz]

Re: Preproposal according to TG7r1 CfP

Abstract: [This Intent-for-Proposal Form highlights methods and especially technologies the proposers from NU and CTU want to support requirements listed in the Technical Considerations Document.]

Purpose: see abstract

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 2

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

• Vehicular networking is an essential component of ITSs requiring vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications to enable vehicles to communicate with each other and with roadside units installed along the road [1].

• The information gathered via V2X communications provide the drivers with a real-time information on traffic and roads conditions including collisions, congestion, surface condition, traffic signal violations, emergency brakes, etc. [1]- www.its.dot.gov/research/v2v.htm,

(last accessed, 20/11/2013).

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 3

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

Vehicular CommunicationsIs it a simple journey?

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 4

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

What are the problems?

Traffic Congestions and its social and economical consequences

45.5 m5 m3

.5 m

1.8

m

• At 100 km/h, the road surface utilization: 5%• Reduce the gap between cars - Longitudinal control (adaptive cruise control) • Reduce lane width – Use automatic steering mechanism• Reduce the aerodynamic drag – Adopt car platoons, saving up to 20% in the total

energy use• Introduce Intelligent Transportation Systems

Building more roads is not the option. So what else can be done?

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 5

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

VLC - Smart Automotive Lightning: Transmitters

• Illumination + Signaling• Communications• Positioning• Sensing – Road surface

LED Car Headlamp LED Car Taillight

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 6

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

Receivers

Receiver Data Rate Number of pixels Cost

Photodiode Up to several Mb/s

1 Extra

Camera sensor

A few Bytes/s(ok for short traffic messages)

Millions Use existing cameras

Photodiode Camera Sensor

TransmitterLED Lights

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 7

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

Vehicular VLC Network

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 8

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

V2V

A typical V2V VLC system with interference from nearby lights

3

1

2

Traffic light

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 9

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

V2V: LOS and NLOSConfiguration of C2C VLC system - rays from the right headlamp to the receiver are illustrated).

0

0

Rx RSH NLOS

R

NLOS

S

NLO

x RS

S

H NLOS

d dPP

S

LOS LOS2

LOS

( )cos( ) 0

0

,B Br

RSH RxRx RS

RS

H L

H

OS

ALER

I

dP

- - -Rx T Rx RSH Rx LSHP P P

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 10

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

C2C - MIMO

Block diagram of a 2×2 MIMO link of C2C VLC system.

RSRLSR

H-1

P/S

S/P

RSHLSH

y1 y2

xest1 xest2

Tx

Rx

TxData

RxData

dLSR-RSR

dLSH-RSH

h22h21h12

h11

x1 x2

Y=HX+N

11 12

21 22

=h h

h h

H

T

1 2= n nN

In order to retrieve the orignal data from Y, de-multiplexing process is needed. The estamated signal Xest

can be obtained by:

-1estX =H Y

Notice that to successfully calculate Xest, the channel matrix H must be full rank

Distance between two vehicles (m)10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

BE

R

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100 (c). PD separation: 1.20 m

hRx

= 0.2 m

hRx

= 0.4 m

hRx

= 0.6 m

hRx

= 0.8 m

P. Luo, Z. Ghassemlooy, H. L. Minh, E. Bentley, A. Burton, and X. Tang, "Performance analysis of a car to car visible light communication system," Applied Optics, 2015.

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 11

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

LED based Traffic Light and High-speed Camera

Camera with a wide viewing angle can recognize the position of LEDs array.

If each LED in traffic and brake lights is individually modulated, parallel communications are possible.

Disadvantages:When camera is far from LEDs array, the received images are blurred

High spatial frequency components of images are lost.

However, received images still contain low spatial frequency components.

Toru NAGURA, et al, 2013Received images: (a) 10m (b) 70m

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 12

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

1024-QAM Camera Communication System

Tra

nsm

itter

* Pre-

Com

pens

atio

n

2 L

ED

Bia

s-te

e

2 L

ED

s

Channel

Vid

eo F

ram

es

Rx

Dat

a

Rec

eive

r

BERT

Ori

gina

l Dat

a

*Only one of the pre- or post-compensation will be used per run.

SAM

Fram

ing

M-Q

AM

Che

ck r

ever

se

Rem

ove

SFD

* Post

-C

ompe

nsat

ion

UQ

AM

SMD

emod

ulat

ion

UQAMSMI

Q

I

Q

-10 0 10

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

Qua

drat

ure

15

10

5

0

-15

-10

-5

15

10

5

0

-15

-10

-5

15

10

5

0

-15

-10

-5

In-Phase(a) (b) (c)In-Phase In-Phase-10 0 10 -10 0 10 -10 0 10

-20 -10 0 10 20

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

-20 -10 0 10 20

-20

-10

0

10

20

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

-20 -10 0 10 20

-20

-10

0

10

20

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

151050

-15-10-5

-20

20151050

-15-10-5

-20

20151050

-15-10-5

-20

20

-10 0 10-20 20-10 0 10-20 20-10 0 10-20 20In-Phase(d) (e) (f)In-Phase In-Phase

Qua

drat

ure

-20 0 20

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

-20 0 20

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

-20 0 20

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

30

20

10

0

-30

-20

-10

30

20

10

0

-30

-20

-10

30

20

10

0

-30

-20

-10

-20 0 20 -20 0 20 -20 0 20

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase(g) (h) (i)In-Phase In-Phase

30

20

10

0

-30

-20

-10

-10 0 10

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

-10 0 10

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Qua

drat

ure

In-Phase

Scatter plot

Constellations of the received signal different order UPQAMSM and different compensation techniques: the 1st row M = 256, 2nd row M = 512, 3rd row M = 1024; 1st column - original received signal w/o compensation, 2nd column - signal processed by pre-compensation, 3rd column - signal processed by post-compensation.

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 13

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

OLEDs: Challenges, Data Rate, MIMO

LabVIEW MATLAB

OOK Data 1

LED Driver 1

LED Driver 2

LED Driver 3

LED Driver 4

OOK Data 2

OOK Data 3

OOK Data 4

TIA 1

TIA 2

TIA 3

TIA 4

Agilent DSO

9254AH-1

OOK Data 1

OOK Data 2

OOK Data 3

OOK Data 4

TEK AFG 3022

TEK AFG 3252

h11

h12

h13

h14

LED

x

z

(a)

5 cm

5 cm

x

y

S1 S2

S4 S5

S7 S8

10 cm

10 cm

S6

S3

S9

(b)

OPD

10 cm

OPDPaul Anthony Haigh, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Ioannis Papakonstantinou, Francesco Arca, Sandro Francesco Tedde, Oliver Hayden and Sujan Rajbhandari, A MIMO-ANN System for Increasing Data Rates in Organic Visible Light Communications Systems, IEEE, ICC, 2013

h 𝑖𝑗=𝐴𝑟

𝑑𝑖𝑗2 𝑅0 (𝜃𝑖𝑗 ) cos (𝜑𝑖𝑗 )

𝐏𝑟𝑥=𝐇𝐏𝑡𝑥+𝐧

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 14

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

m-CAP, where number of subcarriers are m = 1, 2, 5 and 10. Subcarrier bandwidths of 6:5; 1:625 and 0:8125 MHz

Multiband Carrier-less Amplitude and Phase Modul.

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 15

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

Road Surface Detection and Communications

Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 16

doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a

Submission

Measurement Results

5 different levels of road wetness

dry, barely wet (no water puddle), wetness less than 1mm, water puddle < 1mm Water puddle 15 mm-deep

Approx. 12 lux for dry condition

About 7 lux for wet condition