Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [Northumbria University and Czech Technical University Preproposal] Date Submitted: [10, November, 2015]Source: [Zabih Ghassemlooy and Stanislav Zvanovec]Company: [Northumbria University and Czech Technical University] Address: [Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, U.K., Technicka 2, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic]Voice: :[+44191 2274902, +420 224 355 966], FAX: [+441912273684, +420 233 339 958], E-Mail:[[email protected], [email protected]]
Re: Preproposal according to TG7r1 CfP
Abstract: [This Intent-for-Proposal Form highlights methods and especially technologies the proposers from NU and CTU want to support requirements listed in the Technical Considerations Document.]
Purpose: see abstract
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
• Vehicular networking is an essential component of ITSs requiring vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications to enable vehicles to communicate with each other and with roadside units installed along the road [1].
• The information gathered via V2X communications provide the drivers with a real-time information on traffic and roads conditions including collisions, congestion, surface condition, traffic signal violations, emergency brakes, etc. [1]- www.its.dot.gov/research/v2v.htm,
(last accessed, 20/11/2013).
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
Vehicular CommunicationsIs it a simple journey?
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
What are the problems?
Traffic Congestions and its social and economical consequences
45.5 m5 m3
.5 m
1.8
m
• At 100 km/h, the road surface utilization: 5%• Reduce the gap between cars - Longitudinal control (adaptive cruise control) • Reduce lane width – Use automatic steering mechanism• Reduce the aerodynamic drag – Adopt car platoons, saving up to 20% in the total
energy use• Introduce Intelligent Transportation Systems
Building more roads is not the option. So what else can be done?
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
VLC - Smart Automotive Lightning: Transmitters
• Illumination + Signaling• Communications• Positioning• Sensing – Road surface
LED Car Headlamp LED Car Taillight
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
Receivers
Receiver Data Rate Number of pixels Cost
Photodiode Up to several Mb/s
1 Extra
Camera sensor
A few Bytes/s(ok for short traffic messages)
Millions Use existing cameras
Photodiode Camera Sensor
TransmitterLED Lights
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
Vehicular VLC Network
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
V2V
A typical V2V VLC system with interference from nearby lights
3
1
2
Traffic light
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
V2V: LOS and NLOSConfiguration of C2C VLC system - rays from the right headlamp to the receiver are illustrated).
0
0
Rx RSH NLOS
R
NLOS
S
NLO
x RS
S
H NLOS
d dPP
S
LOS LOS2
LOS
( )cos( ) 0
0
,B Br
RSH RxRx RS
RS
H L
H
OS
ALER
I
dP
- - -Rx T Rx RSH Rx LSHP P P
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
C2C - MIMO
Block diagram of a 2×2 MIMO link of C2C VLC system.
RSRLSR
H-1
P/S
S/P
RSHLSH
y1 y2
xest1 xest2
Tx
Rx
TxData
RxData
dLSR-RSR
dLSH-RSH
h22h21h12
h11
x1 x2
Y=HX+N
11 12
21 22
=h h
h h
H
T
1 2= n nN
In order to retrieve the orignal data from Y, de-multiplexing process is needed. The estamated signal Xest
can be obtained by:
-1estX =H Y
Notice that to successfully calculate Xest, the channel matrix H must be full rank
Distance between two vehicles (m)10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
BE
R
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100 (c). PD separation: 1.20 m
hRx
= 0.2 m
hRx
= 0.4 m
hRx
= 0.6 m
hRx
= 0.8 m
P. Luo, Z. Ghassemlooy, H. L. Minh, E. Bentley, A. Burton, and X. Tang, "Performance analysis of a car to car visible light communication system," Applied Optics, 2015.
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
LED based Traffic Light and High-speed Camera
Camera with a wide viewing angle can recognize the position of LEDs array.
If each LED in traffic and brake lights is individually modulated, parallel communications are possible.
Disadvantages:When camera is far from LEDs array, the received images are blurred
High spatial frequency components of images are lost.
However, received images still contain low spatial frequency components.
Toru NAGURA, et al, 2013Received images: (a) 10m (b) 70m
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
1024-QAM Camera Communication System
Tra
nsm
itter
* Pre-
Com
pens
atio
n
2 L
ED
Bia
s-te
e
2 L
ED
s
Channel
Vid
eo F
ram
es
Rx
Dat
a
Rec
eive
r
BERT
Ori
gina
l Dat
a
*Only one of the pre- or post-compensation will be used per run.
SAM
Fram
ing
M-Q
AM
Che
ck r
ever
se
Rem
ove
SFD
* Post
-C
ompe
nsat
ion
UQ
AM
SMD
emod
ulat
ion
UQAMSMI
Q
I
Q
-10 0 10
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
Qua
drat
ure
15
10
5
0
-15
-10
-5
15
10
5
0
-15
-10
-5
15
10
5
0
-15
-10
-5
In-Phase(a) (b) (c)In-Phase In-Phase-10 0 10 -10 0 10 -10 0 10
-20 -10 0 10 20
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
-20 -10 0 10 20
-20
-10
0
10
20
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
-20 -10 0 10 20
-20
-10
0
10
20
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
151050
-15-10-5
-20
20151050
-15-10-5
-20
20151050
-15-10-5
-20
20
-10 0 10-20 20-10 0 10-20 20-10 0 10-20 20In-Phase(d) (e) (f)In-Phase In-Phase
Qua
drat
ure
-20 0 20
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
-20 0 20
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
-20 0 20
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
30
20
10
0
-30
-20
-10
30
20
10
0
-30
-20
-10
30
20
10
0
-30
-20
-10
-20 0 20 -20 0 20 -20 0 20
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase(g) (h) (i)In-Phase In-Phase
30
20
10
0
-30
-20
-10
-10 0 10
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
-10 0 10
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Qua
drat
ure
In-Phase
Scatter plot
Constellations of the received signal different order UPQAMSM and different compensation techniques: the 1st row M = 256, 2nd row M = 512, 3rd row M = 1024; 1st column - original received signal w/o compensation, 2nd column - signal processed by pre-compensation, 3rd column - signal processed by post-compensation.
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
OLEDs: Challenges, Data Rate, MIMO
LabVIEW MATLAB
OOK Data 1
LED Driver 1
LED Driver 2
LED Driver 3
LED Driver 4
OOK Data 2
OOK Data 3
OOK Data 4
TIA 1
TIA 2
TIA 3
TIA 4
Agilent DSO
9254AH-1
OOK Data 1
OOK Data 2
OOK Data 3
OOK Data 4
TEK AFG 3022
TEK AFG 3252
h11
h12
h13
h14
LED
x
z
(a)
5 cm
5 cm
x
y
S1 S2
S4 S5
S7 S8
10 cm
10 cm
S6
S3
S9
(b)
OPD
10 cm
OPDPaul Anthony Haigh, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Ioannis Papakonstantinou, Francesco Arca, Sandro Francesco Tedde, Oliver Hayden and Sujan Rajbhandari, A MIMO-ANN System for Increasing Data Rates in Organic Visible Light Communications Systems, IEEE, ICC, 2013
h 𝑖𝑗=𝐴𝑟
𝑑𝑖𝑗2 𝑅0 (𝜃𝑖𝑗 ) cos (𝜑𝑖𝑗 )
𝐏𝑟𝑥=𝐇𝐏𝑡𝑥+𝐧
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
m-CAP, where number of subcarriers are m = 1, 2, 5 and 10. Subcarrier bandwidths of 6:5; 1:625 and 0:8125 MHz
Multiband Carrier-less Amplitude and Phase Modul.
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
Road Surface Detection and Communications
Zabih Ghassemlooy , Stanislav ZvanovecSlide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-15-0898-00-007a
Submission
Measurement Results
5 different levels of road wetness
dry, barely wet (no water puddle), wetness less than 1mm, water puddle < 1mm Water puddle 15 mm-deep
Approx. 12 lux for dry condition
About 7 lux for wet condition