AD-R169 068 ORRLE-11 IMPLODING SODIUM PLSMA 11 UNIFORMLY FILLED /

Z-PINCH(U) NAYAL RESEARCH LAD UASHINGTON DC

UNCLSSIIED J DAVIS ET AL. S8 NAY 96 NRL-MR-5??6 / 2/9 N

1 .2L136

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NRL Memorandum Report 5776

00

00 GAMBLE-11 Imploding Sodium PlasmaCD 1I. Uniformly Filled Z-Pinch

J. DAVIS, J. E. ROGERSON AND J. P. APRUZESE

* Plasma Radiation BranchPlasma Physics Division

DTIC.OELECTE

MAY323 . *

u9DMay 8, 1986

U"5

This research was sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under Subtask QIEQMXLA,work unit 00006 and work unit title 'XRL Source."

.yUtOFr.,

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_______________________________ 62715H DIN155-166IITITLE (include Security Classification)

GAMBLE-li Imploding Sodium Plasma - 11. Uniformly Filled Z-Pinch

12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(SID~avis, J., Rogerson. J. F_. and Apruzese, J. P.

13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b TIME COVERED 14DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) S. PAGE COUNTInterim FROM 10,/85 TO ; T 1986 May 8 36

16 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION This research was sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under Subtask QJEQMXLA,work unit 00006 and work unit title 'XRLI Source."

17 COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continiue on reverse if necessary andentify by block number)FIELD GOP SUB-GROUP >Z-pinchISodium plasma . 4

19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)

T he dlynamnics and radiative properties of a GAMBL 13 Il imploded uniformly filled sodium i-pinch pilasma aredeRscribed. Parameters for the initial plasma have been carefully chosen to coincidle with Culrrenlt experiments iinvolvingit caplkiry discharge. Results indicate that the sodium heliuimlike resonance line achieives sufficieintly high radiatedflux (Ielvs toI providl(all interesting source of radiation for fluoreiscence and x-ray laser experiments with a comparison1111 Ii plasima.

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71-rlu

CONTENTSTv

I. INTRODUCTION ...................... 1

II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................2

ACKNOWLEDGMNENTS..................................... 4

REFERENCES ............................................ 4

Acces ion ForNTIS CRAWIOTIC TAO [3Vierinouneo

By .. .... .......

Avalloielty Codes

Aval nd o

Dist pecia

.N_. .. * - .. - ,_ ,

GAMBLE-U LMPLODDG SODrUM PLASMAM Uniformly Filled Z-Pinch

I. Introduction

The feasibility of developing a source of intense x-ray emission from

an imploding sodium gas puff plasma on the GAMBLE II generator in support iN

of x-ray laser experiments has been firmly established theoretically.1 The

results of numerical simulations using the SIMPLODE code to characterize

the implosion dynamics of a sodium gas puff plasma indicate that it is

theoretically feasible to generate significant radiation flux levels in the

heliumlike resonance line for the flashlamo x-ray laser concept to

succeed. Preliminary calculations support the possibility of observing

fluorescence in the heliumlike neon system for the sodium flux levels

achievable by the GAMBLE II generator and possibly lasing when the higher

power DOUBLE EAGLE generator drives the sodium plasma and creates the

flashlamp. Unfortunately, sodium as a material load introduces a variety

of experimental problems that are not easily solved technologically.

However, because the Na/Ne x-ray laser scheme is still the prototype of the

line coincidence photopumping schemes, it is important to establish its

validity experimentally.\" ".1'

However, as already mentioned, making a sodium gas puff plasma is achallenging experimental problem. Rather than "fly in the face of

adversity" and try to overcome some of the technological difficulties, an

alternative approach will be adopted. The procedure involves using a

capillary discharge to create a sodium plasma which is injected between the

cathode/anode 3ap on GAMBLE I. nstead of a hollow annular gas puff

plasma, initial experiments with this technique should produce a uniformly

filled plasma. The experimental apparatus and procedure are discussed

elsewhere ty C. Young, et. al.2 The flow jynamics and ch:aracteristics

of the capillary discharge and injection into the :AMBLE 7: test area "w "

be presented by D. Mosner in a separate report. We will assume that this

procedure is possible and investigate the implosion dynamics of a uniformly

filled sodium Z-pinch plasma. As in our earlier investigation, the focus

'ill be on the radiation flux levels achieved in the heliumlike resonance

1une of sodium.

Manuscript approved February 19, 1986.

.-.. - ...- .

MC- - I** , ~ -. - . * - - -' - . - -' 7- Fl.. . y T : .

16 1. Results and Discussion

Calculations were performed to evaluate the performance of an

imploding Z-pinch sodium plasma for conditions typical of the GAMBLE !-,

generator. The mass per unit length is uniformly distributed and taken to

0 be 30 ;igm/cm in all the simulations. The current waveform driving the

olasma is shown in Fig. 1 as a function of time and has a peak value of

1 .2 Megamps at about 70 nsec. The plasmas' morphology is shown in the

subsequent Figs. 2-6 where radius, velocity, temperature, ton density, and

total yield are shown as a function of time, respectively. The initial

plasma radius was cnosen as 0.75 cm. The figures are self-explanatory and

do not exhibit any unusual features. Because the plasma is tighter, i.e. a

peakcurent hansimilar gas puff simulations. At the plasma pinch, the

temperature and ion density peak, reaching values of about 1.55 keV and5X10 19cm-3 respectively. For such high values of temperature the

ionization stages are burned- thro ugh, fully stripping the plasma. This

result will sub~sequently manifest itself in a reduction of the line

radiation, producing a dip .n the radiation profile. The total radiative

*yield for this clase reaches a value of 5.9 Kjoules and refflects good

ccuzling tet-4ee Lcad and generator, from a radiative viewpoint.

7he behavior lf the various components of the radiative power (Watts)

is3 oresented i:n -- s 7-13. These include ccntributIcns from bound-bound,

* free-bound, and free-free processes. :n addition, the results are further

:atalcgued _ nto two energy groups - above and below I'<eV. The line

radlation Is furt-er divided i4nto the L-and K-li-ne contributions. All the

results presented _n --igs. 7~-18 are shown as a function of time. Also,

since similar resultz hiave been d4escribed elsewhere in corsiderable -.etail

* and most of what is3 oresented 'nere is3 self -explanatory, we wi-l adcot a

oaok's t.cur :.ioscny and" on> point out some 4intergstIng features along

*heway. :n -4ig. 7 tfte line radiation bZeiow * eV eXh-ib-its a -'I:) in -.he

radiated power J~ust at the time of the pinchi. This also coirnciles witn the

* time of peak temoerature reducirng the availaole number of lower crnargesttsfrom w nc the bulk of this radiation emanates. :n :ig. 3 the very

*early time behtavior should! Oe :,gnored because .t epresents t-e i"nitial

conditions, i'. a nitial ternoerature of 70 eV. The o ul. of this

2

radiation is due to free-bound processes. Figs. 9 and 10 display similar

quantities except these represent contributions from transitions above 1

keV. Note the diffferences in magnitudes between these two sets off

figures. in Fig. 11 we have superimposed the L- and K-line contributions

while in Fig. 12 the continuum has been included. Figs. 13 and 14 are the

same as Figs. 1! and 12 but are linear in Y instead of logarithmic. This

provides a more realistic idea of the magnitudes of the various

quantities. Also note that on Fig. 13 the K-line peak slightly precedes

the L-line peak; this also occurs on some of the gas puff simulations. The

finall four figures of this set present the total radiated cooling rates for

line, continuum (including bremsstrahlung), bremsstrahlung alone, and the

sum of all these. They are shown in Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18, respec-

tively. At peak implosion the bremsstrahlung and free-bound continuum

contributions are comparable and are of the same order as the total line

contribution. Again, this is a reflection of the high temperature at

pinch. The emission spectrum (Watts/cm-) is shown as a function of energy

(keV) at 34.2 nsec into the implosion in Fig. 19. Due to the high

temperature at peak implosion the most prominent features of the spectrum

are the hydrogen- and helium-like resonance lines, respectively. A few

additional transitions are identiffied for convenience. They are

represented as H and He transitions for brevity. Also, some of the lines

originate from superlevels or lumped levels and they appear simply as, for

example, H(5-2). Finally, over 75. of the total radiated power is due to

.:ne radiation and is predominantly from the K-shell. The heliumlike

resonance line accounts for about 25, of the total line radiation. The

peak radiated power from this line is about 3x10 I0 watts as shown in Fig.

20. The dip in this power profile near peak is explained above. The

radiated power from the heliumlike resonance line as a function of radius

for a fixed mass of 30igm/cm and length of 4 cm is shown in Fig. 21. :n

:.cmuar4isc with :he radiated power from a sodium gas puff plasma, "te

uniformly f.iled .- oincn plasma generates a slghItly higher radiative flux

fr smalier Iniltial radius. The more impocrtant virtue of the uniform-ly

f.1ed plasma is that it is probably easier to produce experimentally and

inject into the diode gap than a hollow annular plasma.

3

.".. " •.. -. .... - - ."- . .. . . . . . .. ./ ..... .. .-.--.. ".."..... . . "--- . .>",....-.. .'........... ' .. .''

In summary, both the uniformly filled and hollow Z-pinch plasma can

provide heliumlike sodium resonance line radiated flux levels from the

GAMBLE II generator to irradiate and pump the 1s2-1s4p 1P line in heliumlike

neon producing at least fluorescence, and possibly a modest gain.

AC KNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by the SDIO through the DNA. We would like to

thank Drs. F. C. Young and D. Mosher for suggesting this work and thank Dr.

Young for his comments on the manuscript.

REFERENCES

. J. Davis, J. E. Rogerson, and J. P. Apruzese, GAMBLE-Il Imploding

Sodium Plasma - I: Calibration of the Heliumlike Resonance Line as a

Pump Source and Detection of Fluorescence in Neon, NRL Memorandum

Report 5765, April 10, 1986.

2. F. C. Young, et.al., IEEE Plasma Science Conference, Saskatchewan,

Canada, May (1986).

4 .

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sodi~ra 3O/c~x.z ~in~h i~u densityLa _____________________________________________________________________

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Fig. 10 Continuum radiation (watts) above 1 keV as a function of time.

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14 ;

linea I and k radiation

-oU-

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Fig.andK-lie rdiaion wats) a a funtionof ime

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r

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-4

-*e iO - - ".-L

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0 20 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 :00 !10

Fig. 13 .- and K-line radiation (watts) as a function of time.

17

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' 0L1 ir

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Fig. 15 Total line radiation (watts) as a function of time.

. . .'. .

19 -..: .

* or

sodium-3C total contiuu

C

I E

a ~ 20 30 40 50 10 70 80 90 ito

Fig. 16 7otal continuum radiation (watts) as a function oif time.

20

~ ... 4'...*.*....-....**- - - - -

sod i a- 30 totalI bre m.%

IL .

11L

0 A0 20 30 40 50 60 70 30 20 100 :10

Fig. 17 Total bremsstrahlung radiation (watts) as a function of' time. .

21

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sodi Uri-30 total radiation 6

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a a0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 :.00 tio

rig. 18 Total radiation watts) as a function of time.

A224,;',

22 " "

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energy vs tot intens. (sodium 30) .r-

1o:4

Pe IL

.1 to,11-0

Fig. 19 Emission spectra (watts/cm2 ) as a function of energy (keV) at

842nsec.

23

loll na he-like 2p resonance line

105~~

103~ ~. -

toft10'

0 102-0 0 5 s 0 80 9 o

ire (n s c)

-'ig. 20 .Radiatcn cr'm heielumii~e rescnance Ii ne (watts) as a f":nction .ztftime.

a. ~

24

1 x10~ T 3Oligm/cm

8 x 1010-

87x10 10 ]76x10 10 -

64x10 10

*3"5x 10 0

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1 x 1010 -

0. 1.50

0..

Fig. 21 Radiation from heliumltike resonance iine (watts) as a f'unction ofinitial radius of' the discharge.

25

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