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AD-R169 068 ORRLE-11 IMPLODING SODIUM PLSMA 11 UNIFORMLY FILLED /
Z-PINCH(U) NAYAL RESEARCH LAD UASHINGTON DC
UNCLSSIIED J DAVIS ET AL. S8 NAY 96 NRL-MR-5??6 / 2/9 N
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1 .2L136
NILO
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I
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NRL Memorandum Report 5776
00
00 GAMBLE-11 Imploding Sodium PlasmaCD 1I. Uniformly Filled Z-Pinch
J. DAVIS, J. E. ROGERSON AND J. P. APRUZESE
* Plasma Radiation BranchPlasma Physics Division
DTIC.OELECTE
MAY323 . *
u9DMay 8, 1986
U"5
This research was sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under Subtask QIEQMXLA,work unit 00006 and work unit title 'XRL Source."
.yUtOFr.,
NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORYWashington, D.C.
Approved for public release. distribution unlimited.
.86 22 0 19'--5 5 . _7
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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEIa. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS J%
UNCLASSIFIED _____________________
2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTION/IAVAILA81LITY OF REPORT .
2b. DECLASSIFICATION DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
4 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)
NR L Memorandum Report 57766a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION -
(if applicable)Naval Reseiarch Laboratory Code 4720 Defense Nuclear Agency
6C ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)
Washington. DC' 20375-5000 Alexandria, VA 22310
Ba. NAME OF FUNDING jSPONSORING I8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION j(if applikable)
Defense Nuclear Agency RAEV8c. ADDRESS (City. State, and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS
PROGRAM IPROJECT IT ASK I WORK UNITAlexandria, VA 22310 ELEMENT NO INO. NO. ACCESSO NO.
_______________________________ 62715H DIN155-166IITITLE (include Security Classification)
GAMBLE-li Imploding Sodium Plasma - 11. Uniformly Filled Z-Pinch
12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(SID~avis, J., Rogerson. J. F_. and Apruzese, J. P.
13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b TIME COVERED 14DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) S. PAGE COUNTInterim FROM 10,/85 TO ; T 1986 May 8 36
16 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION This research was sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under Subtask QJEQMXLA,work unit 00006 and work unit title 'XRLI Source."
17 COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continiue on reverse if necessary andentify by block number)FIELD GOP SUB-GROUP >Z-pinchISodium plasma . 4
19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)
T he dlynamnics and radiative properties of a GAMBL 13 Il imploded uniformly filled sodium i-pinch pilasma aredeRscribed. Parameters for the initial plasma have been carefully chosen to coincidle with Culrrenlt experiments iinvolvingit caplkiry discharge. Results indicate that the sodium heliuimlike resonance line achieives sufficieintly high radiatedflux (Ielvs toI providl(all interesting source of radiation for fluoreiscence and x-ray laser experiments with a comparison1111 Ii plasima.
2D iSRBuTION. AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 12 1 ABSTRACT SECUIYCASFCTOQuJNCLASFIE/UNLIMiTED 0 SAME AS RPT CODTIC USERS INtl.\IFK)
22a NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL L22b TELEPI-ONE (Include Area Code) '.OFFICE SYMBOLlack IDavis 20 2 18~l7 Lode .17203
DD FORM 1473, 84 MAR 83 APR edition may be used until exl~auszed SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 'HIS PAGEAll other edlitioni are obsolete
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71-rlu
CONTENTSTv
I. INTRODUCTION ...................... 1
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................2
ACKNOWLEDGMNENTS..................................... 4
REFERENCES ............................................ 4
Acces ion ForNTIS CRAWIOTIC TAO [3Vierinouneo
By .. .... .......
Avalloielty Codes
Aval nd o
Dist pecia
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.N_. .. * - .. - ,_ ,
GAMBLE-U LMPLODDG SODrUM PLASMAM Uniformly Filled Z-Pinch
I. Introduction
The feasibility of developing a source of intense x-ray emission from
an imploding sodium gas puff plasma on the GAMBLE II generator in support iN
of x-ray laser experiments has been firmly established theoretically.1 The
results of numerical simulations using the SIMPLODE code to characterize
the implosion dynamics of a sodium gas puff plasma indicate that it is
theoretically feasible to generate significant radiation flux levels in the
heliumlike resonance line for the flashlamo x-ray laser concept to
succeed. Preliminary calculations support the possibility of observing
fluorescence in the heliumlike neon system for the sodium flux levels
achievable by the GAMBLE II generator and possibly lasing when the higher
power DOUBLE EAGLE generator drives the sodium plasma and creates the
flashlamp. Unfortunately, sodium as a material load introduces a variety
of experimental problems that are not easily solved technologically.
However, because the Na/Ne x-ray laser scheme is still the prototype of the
line coincidence photopumping schemes, it is important to establish its
validity experimentally.\" ".1'
However, as already mentioned, making a sodium gas puff plasma is achallenging experimental problem. Rather than "fly in the face of
adversity" and try to overcome some of the technological difficulties, an
alternative approach will be adopted. The procedure involves using a
capillary discharge to create a sodium plasma which is injected between the
cathode/anode 3ap on GAMBLE I. nstead of a hollow annular gas puff
plasma, initial experiments with this technique should produce a uniformly
filled plasma. The experimental apparatus and procedure are discussed
elsewhere ty C. Young, et. al.2 The flow jynamics and ch:aracteristics
of the capillary discharge and injection into the :AMBLE 7: test area "w "
be presented by D. Mosner in a separate report. We will assume that this
procedure is possible and investigate the implosion dynamics of a uniformly
filled sodium Z-pinch plasma. As in our earlier investigation, the focus
'ill be on the radiation flux levels achieved in the heliumlike resonance
1une of sodium.
Manuscript approved February 19, 1986.
.-.. - ...- .
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MC- - I** , ~ -. - . * - - -' - . - -' 7- Fl.. . y T : .
16 1. Results and Discussion
Calculations were performed to evaluate the performance of an
imploding Z-pinch sodium plasma for conditions typical of the GAMBLE !-,
generator. The mass per unit length is uniformly distributed and taken to
0 be 30 ;igm/cm in all the simulations. The current waveform driving the
olasma is shown in Fig. 1 as a function of time and has a peak value of
1 .2 Megamps at about 70 nsec. The plasmas' morphology is shown in the
subsequent Figs. 2-6 where radius, velocity, temperature, ton density, and
total yield are shown as a function of time, respectively. The initial
plasma radius was cnosen as 0.75 cm. The figures are self-explanatory and
do not exhibit any unusual features. Because the plasma is tighter, i.e. a
peakcurent hansimilar gas puff simulations. At the plasma pinch, the
temperature and ion density peak, reaching values of about 1.55 keV and5X10 19cm-3 respectively. For such high values of temperature the
ionization stages are burned- thro ugh, fully stripping the plasma. This
result will sub~sequently manifest itself in a reduction of the line
radiation, producing a dip .n the radiation profile. The total radiative
*yield for this clase reaches a value of 5.9 Kjoules and refflects good
ccuzling tet-4ee Lcad and generator, from a radiative viewpoint.
7he behavior lf the various components of the radiative power (Watts)
is3 oresented i:n -- s 7-13. These include ccntributIcns from bound-bound,
* free-bound, and free-free processes. :n addition, the results are further
:atalcgued _ nto two energy groups - above and below I'<eV. The line
radlation Is furt-er divided i4nto the L-and K-li-ne contributions. All the
results presented _n --igs. 7~-18 are shown as a function of time. Also,
since similar resultz hiave been d4escribed elsewhere in corsiderable -.etail
* and most of what is3 oresented 'nere is3 self -explanatory, we wi-l adcot a
oaok's t.cur :.ioscny and" on> point out some 4intergstIng features along
*heway. :n -4ig. 7 tfte line radiation bZeiow * eV eXh-ib-its a -'I:) in -.he
radiated power J~ust at the time of the pinchi. This also coirnciles witn the
* time of peak temoerature reducirng the availaole number of lower crnargesttsfrom w nc the bulk of this radiation emanates. :n :ig. 3 the very
*early time behtavior should! Oe :,gnored because .t epresents t-e i"nitial
conditions, i'. a nitial ternoerature of 70 eV. The o ul. of this
2
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radiation is due to free-bound processes. Figs. 9 and 10 display similar
quantities except these represent contributions from transitions above 1
keV. Note the diffferences in magnitudes between these two sets off
figures. in Fig. 11 we have superimposed the L- and K-line contributions
while in Fig. 12 the continuum has been included. Figs. 13 and 14 are the
same as Figs. 1! and 12 but are linear in Y instead of logarithmic. This
provides a more realistic idea of the magnitudes of the various
quantities. Also note that on Fig. 13 the K-line peak slightly precedes
the L-line peak; this also occurs on some of the gas puff simulations. The
finall four figures of this set present the total radiated cooling rates for
line, continuum (including bremsstrahlung), bremsstrahlung alone, and the
sum of all these. They are shown in Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18, respec-
tively. At peak implosion the bremsstrahlung and free-bound continuum
contributions are comparable and are of the same order as the total line
contribution. Again, this is a reflection of the high temperature at
pinch. The emission spectrum (Watts/cm-) is shown as a function of energy
(keV) at 34.2 nsec into the implosion in Fig. 19. Due to the high
temperature at peak implosion the most prominent features of the spectrum
are the hydrogen- and helium-like resonance lines, respectively. A few
additional transitions are identiffied for convenience. They are
represented as H and He transitions for brevity. Also, some of the lines
originate from superlevels or lumped levels and they appear simply as, for
example, H(5-2). Finally, over 75. of the total radiated power is due to
.:ne radiation and is predominantly from the K-shell. The heliumlike
resonance line accounts for about 25, of the total line radiation. The
peak radiated power from this line is about 3x10 I0 watts as shown in Fig.
20. The dip in this power profile near peak is explained above. The
radiated power from the heliumlike resonance line as a function of radius
for a fixed mass of 30igm/cm and length of 4 cm is shown in Fig. 21. :n
:.cmuar4isc with :he radiated power from a sodium gas puff plasma, "te
uniformly f.iled .- oincn plasma generates a slghItly higher radiative flux
fr smalier Iniltial radius. The more impocrtant virtue of the uniform-ly
f.1ed plasma is that it is probably easier to produce experimentally and
inject into the diode gap than a hollow annular plasma.
3
.".. " •.. -. .... - - ."- . .. . . . . . .. ./ ..... .. .-.--.. ".."..... . . "--- . .>",....-.. .'........... ' .. .''
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In summary, both the uniformly filled and hollow Z-pinch plasma can
provide heliumlike sodium resonance line radiated flux levels from the
GAMBLE II generator to irradiate and pump the 1s2-1s4p 1P line in heliumlike
neon producing at least fluorescence, and possibly a modest gain.
AC KNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by the SDIO through the DNA. We would like to
thank Drs. F. C. Young and D. Mosher for suggesting this work and thank Dr.
Young for his comments on the manuscript.
REFERENCES
. J. Davis, J. E. Rogerson, and J. P. Apruzese, GAMBLE-Il Imploding
Sodium Plasma - I: Calibration of the Heliumlike Resonance Line as a
Pump Source and Detection of Fluorescence in Neon, NRL Memorandum
Report 5765, April 10, 1986.
2. F. C. Young, et.al., IEEE Plasma Science Conference, Saskatchewan,
Canada, May (1986).
4 .
4'.3 .'
*. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ., *
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3odjir 30/=mz pinch current
12 -10' -
QA.
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-0 40 50 7 3 0 0
tx0 !m (280C
Flg GABL 11cren safmto o ie
%/i f. s'
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I ~ .... -.....................- - . . . . - -
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time (nsecjI gig. 2 Radius as a Cuncton off time.
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i-
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sodiim 30/cmz pinch velocity
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.
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F_1g. 3 mplosion velocity as a function of time.
7
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Pp- -. 77M- -M-M I A "' 4'Wmj .JTN" 4W W-1 . -.-
sodi= 30/cm,z pinch temperature
.400
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time (33ecl,
Fig 4 Temperature as a function of time.
mIW
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gig. 5 L~n density as a runction or time.
S.
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9
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soditu 3Q/cm~z p:nch total yield700
0
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r
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,%p
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Fig. 10 Continuum radiation (watts) above 1 keV as a function of time.
. - S..,<
14 ;
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IN
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Fi.g. 12 L- and K-line and continuum radiation (watts) as a function of'time.
16
d.
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I
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r
• o ..4
-4
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0 20 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 :00 !10
Fig. 13 .- and K-line radiation (watts) as a function of time.
17
... F,-.
.i* *. . % *. . . Oo
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-Z w -p~ *w. I.- L I. V L--M w.-:-- LFP.r--M
4.4
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Pb
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' 0L1 ir
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Fig. 15 Total line radiation (watts) as a function of time.
. . .'. .
19 -..: .
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* or
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a ~ 20 30 40 50 10 70 80 90 ito
Fig. 16 7otal continuum radiation (watts) as a function oif time.
20
~ ... 4'...*.*....-....**- - - - -
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sod i a- 30 totalI bre m.%
IL .
11L
0 A0 20 30 40 50 60 70 30 20 100 :10
Fig. 17 Total bremsstrahlung radiation (watts) as a function of' time. .
21
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*:4 ..
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e- .
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a a0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 :.00 tio
rig. 18 Total radiation watts) as a function of time.
A224,;',
22 " "
. --. -. " -
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energy vs tot intens. (sodium 30) .r-
1o:4
Pe IL
.1 to,11-0
Fig. 19 Emission spectra (watts/cm2 ) as a function of energy (keV) at
842nsec.
23
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loll na he-like 2p resonance line
105~~
103~ ~. -
toft10'
0 102-0 0 5 s 0 80 9 o
ire (n s c)
-'ig. 20 .Radiatcn cr'm heielumii~e rescnance Ii ne (watts) as a f":nction .ztftime.
a. ~
24
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1 x10~ T 3Oligm/cm
8 x 1010-
87x10 10 ]76x10 10 -
64x10 10
*3"5x 10 0
4x10 10 -
1 x 1010 -
0. 1.50
0..
Fig. 21 Radiation from heliumltike resonance iine (watts) as a f'unction ofinitial radius of' the discharge.
25
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