“YOUNG BUGGY ROBOT, USING AT89C2051 MICROCONTROLLER”

YOUNG – Small and Compact in Size BUGGY – Carrying vehicle Remotely controlled through radio signalsROBOT – Approves all the characteristics; Movement, Energy, Sensing & Intelligence.

THE PROBLEM: Most Challenging Issue for a Human – to perform a task in an environment/location which is not human friendly.

THE SOLUTION: A ROBOTIC SOLUTION IS ESSENTIAL.

THE PURPOSE: The purpose of this project is to develop a wheeled robot which functions like a car that can be used in various applications and can be remotely controlled by radio signals in the places where human entry is not possible.OBJECTIVES/GOALS:Mobility(capable to move in any directions in any given environment)

Functions like a Car(Moves Frwrd, Rvrse, Left or right turn while moving & 360⁰ full turn)

Enters the places which is human restricted(btwn narrw spaces, gas effected area, etc)

Can be used in various applications(spy robot, fire fighting, metal detection, etc)

As per the job carried out, required apparatus installation(cam, water tank, detector,..)

Simple and reliable communication medium through RF signals(433MHz, Helical)

User friendly operation(a simple remote control for controlling the directions)

Keeping the cost as minimum as possible

PROJECT OVERVIEW: The complete project is divided into 3 major parts:1. Robotics2. Microcontroller3. Wireless Communications(RF)

UserRF

Comm.

Microcontroller

Robot CarRobot Car

ROBOTICS: A scientific discipline associated with design, development & application of robots.CHARACTERISTCS OF A ROBOT:

1) MOVEMENT (robot needs to be able to move around its environment)

• Rolling on WHEELS, Walking on LEGS or Propelling by THRUSTERS WHEELED SYSTEM

2)ENERGY (robot needs to be powered itself)

• BATTERY powered, SOLAR powered or ELECTRICALLY powered BATTERY POWERED

3) SENSING (robot needs to sense its environment)

• Light Sensors, Chemical sensors, sonar sensors, touch sensors Installed as per applications

4) INTELLIGENCE (robot needs some kind of ‘SMARTS’)

• Programming so robot knows what has to be done. AT89C2051 MicrocontrollerRobot is the CORE of this Project.

A small car is developed as a robot, and it is microcontroller driven.

3 Wheeled Robot System - Differentially Steered type(2 powered wheels with an additional rotating wheel to keep the body of the car in balance).

“Robots can have any number of wheels, but three wheels are sufficient for static and dynamic balance.”

7.4V 1600mA powered rechargeable battery is used to provide power to all the peripherals on the robot car.

MICROCONTROLLER:“A Microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memories, and programmable input/output peripherals.”

A low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

Powerful Microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded systems.

The heart of Young Buggy Robot is Intel’s most power family of 8051 microcontroller.

AT89C2051 microcontroller IC is used.

At both Transmitter and Receiver end two different ICs with different programs is been installed.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION: (IR/RF/BT/GSM)

Young Buggy is Radio Controlled Car.

RF 433 MHz TX module - remote control to transmit the coded signals RF 433 MHz RX module - robot car to receive the signals

Signals are sent & received - Helical Antenna.

Based on the input code transmitted the robot will behave as follows: Moves in Forward Direction Moves in Reverse Direction Turns left or right while moving in forward or reverse directionOn the spot left or right turn to pass through the narrow space.

433MHz RX Module

433MHz RX Module

Helical Antenna

Design of Young Buggy Robot

Key pressed. Key codes are o/p from pin 3(TX) of the in-built UART of mc &wrks on 1200bits/sec cnctd to data pin of RF433 wch transmits ASCII codes thru Antenna.

RF433 receives transmittd codes thru antenna, codes are convrtd to digital format & o/p is available to pin 2(RX) of in-built uart of mc at 1200baudrate. Bsd on ip codes mc wil gv cmnd to drivr IC & motors wil operate accordngly.

74LS245 L293D

Logic of Young Buggy Robot

When forward command is received, both the motors will run in forward direction. When reverse command is received, both the motors will run in reverse direction. While moving in forward and reverse direction, if left or right command is received one of the motor stops and other keeps moving; this action gives left or right turn.

SYSTEM FLOWCHARTS

TRANSMITTER HEX CODES

RECEIVER HEX CODES

a) Linear Speed Profile b) Sinusoidal Speed

Time for a 90° Turn for Linear & Sinusoidal Variations

Wheels Path for Sinusoidal Variations Wheels Path for Linear Variations

LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT:Self RecoveryArtificial Intelligence for Autonomous operationOperation on rugged and inclined terrainsConstruction of the outer shell of the robotControl Accuracy

Further Improvements: Obstacle detectors can be implemented, so that robot

can function more accurately detecting anything coming in its path thus becoming more user friendly.

Robot car can also be implemented by a ‘Speed’ factor, so that according to the user the car accelerate its speed or slow down when required.

THANK YOU -GARGI KAPADIA