you may use this study guide to review for your test; practice your new skills or review old...
TRANSCRIPT
You may use this study guide to review for your test; practice your new skills or review old concepts.
Each topic has several questions relating to it, this should help with giving you plenty of
practice.
Functional Groups
A B C
Alcohols
A B C
Carboxylic Acids
A B C
Esters
ABC
Aldehydes
A B C
Ketones
A B C
Types of Reactions
A B C
Amines
A B C
Amides
A B C
Vocabulary
A B C
Balancing Equations
A B C
What Organic
compounds tell us
A B C
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms that attaches to a carbon chain which changes the characteristics of those compounds.
Name 3 different functional groups.
Any of the following: alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, amines, amides, carboxylic acids
Does every organic compound contain a functional group?
No, only certain organic compounds contain a functional group, the rest are hydrocarbons.
What is the functional group for alcohols?
-OH which can be either on a terminal carbon or in the middle of the carbon chain.
What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?
-COOH; with the double bonded O and the OH on the end.
How do you name a carboxylic acid?
You use the prefix from the carbon chain but drop the ending and add –ic acid
What is a unique quality of esters?
They have a distinctive odor depending on which ester you have. They are responsible for many flavors and odors of food.
How do you produce an ester?
Esters are made when a noncarboxylic acid such as hydrochloric or sulfuric combines with an alcohol.
Formaldehyde is a common aldehyde, what is it used for?
To preserve dead bodies (also can be found in cigarettes)
What causes an aldehyde to form?
A primary alcohol combines with an oxidizing reactant and it takes a H off of the alcohol and aldehyde is what is left.
How do you form a ketone?
Oxidation of a secondary alcohol produces a ketone in a process similar to an aldehyde.
If you have a saturated halide hydrocarbon what type of reaction produced that?
Addition, substitution, subtraction or combustion
Substitution; one of the hydrogens was substituted with a halogen
If you have unsaturated halide hydrocarbon what type of reaction created it?
Addition, subtraction, substitution or combustion
Addition, one of the multiple bonds was broken and a halogen added.
If I have an alkane will a halogen spontaneously react with it?
No, alkanes are stable and therefore fairly unreactive, the halogens will substitute very slowly.
How do you name an amine?
Identify the NH2 group, put in the prefix for the carbon chain and add the –amine as a suffix.
What is the functional group for amides?
-CONH2: the O is double bonded to the C with the N coming off the other side.
How do you name an amide?
Remove the -ic from the end of the name of the acid and add –amide as the suffix.
What does the work substitution mean in the context of organic reactions?
That different atoms or molecules replace the hydrogens in a saturated hydrocarbon.
What does the term addition mean in terms of organic reactions?
That double or triple bonds in an unsaturated hydrocarbon are broken and additional atoms or molecules come in and replace those bonds.
What does the term fermentation mean in regards to organic compounds?
Fermentation is the process by which complex compounds are broken down in living organisms.
What did Stanley Miller contribute to science, what does it show us?
Stanley Miller was able to synthesize simple amino acids but it shows us how complicated life simplest pieces are and how unlikely it is that they would have developed through evolution.