year 8...a cube/cuboid =𝑳 𝒏 𝒕 × 𝒕 𝑯 𝒕 =𝑳 × 𝑯 you can also use the volume...

Knowledge Organiser

Year 8

Term 5 and 6

2019-2020

Name: ………………………………...

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Maths year 8 Term 5 and 6

Topic/Skill Definition/Tips Example

1. Metric

System

A system of measures based on:

- the metre for length

- the kilogram for mass

- the second for time

Length: mm, cm, m, km

Mass: mg, g, kg

Volume: ml, cl, l

1𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 1000 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒 = 100 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

1 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒 = 10 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

1 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 1000 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠

2. Imperial

System

A system of weights and measures

originally developed in England, usually

based on human quantities

Length: inch, foot, yard, miles

Mass: lb, ounce, stone

Volume: pint, gallon

1𝑙𝑏 = 16 𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠

1 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 = 12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

1 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛 = 8 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

3. Metric and

Imperial Units

Use the unitary method to convert

between metric and imperial units. 5 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 ≈ 8 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

1 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛 ≈ 4.5 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

2.2 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠 ≈ 1 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚

1 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 2.5 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

4. Speed,

Distance, Time Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Distance = Speed x Time

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Remember the correct units.

Speed = 4mph

Time = 2 hours

Find the Distance.

𝐷 = 𝑆 × 𝑇 = 4 × 2 = 8 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠

5. Density,

Mass, Volume Density = Mass ÷ Volume

Mass = Density x Volume

Volume = Mass ÷ Density


Density = 8kg/m³

Mass = 2000g

Find the Volume.

𝑉 = 𝑀 ÷ 𝐷 = 2 ÷ 8 = 0.25𝑚³

6. Pressure,

Force, Area Pressure = Force ÷ Area

Force = Pressure x Area

Area = Force ÷ Pressure

Pressure = 10 Pascals

Area = 6cm²

Find the Force

Topic: Compound Measures



𝐹 = 𝑃 × 𝐴 = 10 × 6 = 60 𝑁

7. Distance-

Time Graphs

You can find the speed from the gradient

of the line (Distance ÷ Time)

The steeper the line, the quicker the speed.

A horizontal line means the object is not

moving (stationary).

8. Circle A circle is the locus of all points equidistant

from a central point.

9. Parts of a

Circle

Radius – the distance from the centre of a

circle to the edge

Diameter – the total distance across the

width of a circle through the centre.

Circumference – the total distance around

the outside of a circle

Chord – a straight line whose end points

lie on a circle Tangent – a straight line which touches a

circle at exactly one point

Arc – a part of the circumference of a

circle

Sector – the region of a circle enclosed by

two radii and their intercepted arc

Segment – the region bounded by a chord

and the arc created by the chord

10. Area of a

Circle 𝑨 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 which means ‘pi x radius

squared’.

If the radius was 5cm, then:

𝐴 = 𝜋 × 52 = 78.5𝑐𝑚2

11.

Circumference

of a Circle

𝑪 = 𝝅𝒅 which means ‘pi x diameter’ If the radius was 5cm, then:

𝐶 = 𝜋 × 10 = 31.4𝑐𝑚

12. 𝜋 (‘pi’) Pi is the circumference of a circle divided

by the diameter.

𝝅 ≈ 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒

13. Mean Add up the values and divide by how many

values there are.

The mean of 3, 4, 7, 6, 0, 4, 6 is 3 + 4 + 7 + 6 + 0 + 4 + 6

7= 5


14. Mean from

a Table

1. Find the midpoints (if necessary)

2. Multiply Frequency by values or

midpoints

3. Add up these values

4. Divide this total by the Total Frequency

If grouped data is used, the answer will be

an estimate.

15. Median

Value

The middle value.

Put the data in order and find the middle

one.

If there are two middle values, find the

number half way between them by adding

them together and dividing by 2.

Find the median of: 4, 5, 2, 3, 6, 7, 6

Ordered: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7

Median = 5

16. Median

from a Table Use the formula

(𝒏+𝟏)

𝟐 to find the position of

the median.

𝑛 is the total frequency.

If the total frequency is 15, the median

will be the (15+1

2) = 8𝑡ℎ position

17. Mode

/Modal Value

Most frequent/common.

Can have more than one mode (called bi-

modal or multi-modal) or no mode (if all

values appear once)

Find the mode: 4, 5, 2, 3, 6, 4, 7, 8, 4

Mode = 4

18. Range Highest value subtract the Smallest value

Range is a ‘measure of spread’. The smaller

the range the more consistent the data.

Find the range: 3, 31, 26, 102, 37, 97.

Range = 102-3 = 99

19. Volume Volume is a measure of the amount of

space inside a solid shape.

Units: 𝑚𝑚3, 𝑐𝑚3, 𝑚3 etc.

20. Volume of

a Cube/Cuboid 𝑽 = 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 × 𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 × 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕

𝑽 = 𝑳 × 𝑾 × 𝑯

You can also use the Volume of a Prism

formula for a cube/cuboid.


21. Prism A prism is a 3D shape whose cross section

is the same throughout.

22. Cross

Section

The cross section is the shape that

continues all the way through the prism.

23. Perimeter The total distance around the outside of a

shape.

Units include: 𝑚𝑚, 𝑐𝑚, 𝑚 etc.

𝑃 = 8 + 5 + 8 + 5 = 26𝑐𝑚

24. Area The amount of space inside a shape.

Units include: 𝑚𝑚2, 𝑐𝑚2, 𝑚2

25. Area of a

Rectangle Length x Width

𝐴 = 36𝑐𝑚2

26. Area of a

Parallelogram Base x Perpendicular Height

Not the slant height.

𝐴 = 21𝑐𝑚2

27. Area of a

Triangle Base x Height ÷ 2

𝐴 = 24𝑐𝑚2

28. Area of a

Kite

Split in to two triangles and use the

method above.

𝐴 = 8.8𝑚2


29. Area of a

Trapezium

(𝒂 + 𝒃)

𝟐× 𝒉

“Half the sum of the parallel side, times the

height between them. That is how you

calculate the area of a trapezium”

𝐴 = 55𝑐𝑚2

30. Compound

Shape

A shape made up of a combination of

other known shapes put together.

Twelfth Night Knowledge Organiser

Plot Summary Act 1: Twins Viola and Sebastian are shipwrecked in Illyria. Duke Orsino. Viola disguises herself as boy (Cesario) and goes to work for Duke Orsino who is hopelessly is in love with Countess Olivia. Olivia doesn’t realise that Cesario is a girl and falls in love with him/her. Maria tells off Sir Toby, Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Feste for their rowdy drunkenness. Act 2: Malvolio is tricked through love letters which he thinks are from Olivia. Act 3: Olivia confesses her love for Viola/Cesario. Malvolio appears cross gartered and wearing yellow stockings as required in the letter. Olivia thinks he is mad. Act 4: Sebastian is mistaken for Viola/Cesario resulting in a fight with Sir Toby and Olivia proposes to him. Malvolio is imprisoned for his madness. Act 5: The twins are reunited and the mistaken identities are resolved. Orsino proposes to Viola, The crime against Malvolio is revealed.

Themes Essential Quotations Useful Vocabulary Viola Quick-witted Forthright

Malvolio Puritan Vain Steward

Love

Ambition and social status (Malvolio)

1) “If Music be the food of love, play on.” Duke Orsino A1 Sc1 1

2) “Yet, a barful strife/Where’er I woo, myself would be his wife.” Viola Act 1 Scene 4

3) “Make me a willow cabin at your gate And call upon your soul within the house” Viola A1 Sc5 4) “Even so quickly one may catch the plague.” Olivia

Act 1 Scene 5 5) “Madam why delight you in such a barren rascal?”

Malvolio A1 Sc5 6) “O you are sick of self-love Malvolio,” Olivia A1 Sc5 7) “My masters are you mad?” Malvolio A2 Sc3 8) “Dost thou think because thou art virtuous there

shall be no more cakes and ale?” Sir Toby to Malvolio A2 Sc3

9) “Some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Malvolio reading the trick letter. A2 Sc5

10) “I’ll be revenged on the whole pack of you.” Malvolio A5 Sc1

Verse: Writing using poetic techniques of rhythm and sometimes rhyme. Prose: Written or spoken language in its ordinary form without poetic structure. Iambic pentameter: Verse with 10 syllables and a regular beat of five alternate stresses. ‘If music be the food of love, play on.” Assonance: poetic effect of repeated vowel sounds. e.g gold/ hope; Consonance: poetic effect of repeated consonant sounds e.g. killed/cold. Sibilance: poetic effect of repeated ‘s’ sounds. Dramatic irony: The audience know more than the characters on stage. Soliloquy: a speech giving access to a character’s thoughts usually when they are alone on the stage. Pun: A word having more than one meaning. Innuendo: a pun with a sexual double meaning. Puritan – A religious person against all drinking, feasting and the theatre. Thee/Thou – You Superior – to have a higher status. Inferior – to be of a lower status

Orsino – The Duke Noble Melancholic Inconsistent

Olivia Mourning Impetuous Heiress

Sir Toby Belch Drunkard Crude Corrupt

Sir Andrew Aguecheek Foolish Suitor Coward

Sebastian Identical Separated

Maria Witty Ingenious Servant

Feste – The fool. Shakespeare’s fools provide jokes and puns but also comment on the world of the play. Feste can talk to any character and move between both households.

Context/Literary Tradition Twelfth Night was a festival twelve days after Christmas where the usual rules were turned upside down and the normal order of things was reversed. ‘Twelfth Night’ was first performed in 1602. Comedy: Common features of Shakespeare’s comedies: set in an imaginary place, happy ending - usually marriage or betrothal, focus on theme of love and deception and mistaken identity. Shakespeare often included tragic elements in his comedies. Tragedies have unhappy endings usually involving the downfall of the main character.

English - Year 8 Term 5 and 6 Title ‘Flag’ – John Agard ‘A Mother in a Refugee

Camp’ – Chinua Achebe ‘Still I Rise’ – Maya Angelou

‘Praise Song for my Mother’ – Grace Nichols

‘Once Upon a Time’ Gabriel Okara

Poetic Methods Speaker: the narrator of a poem – the voice speaking. Subject: who the poem is about or addressed to. Tone: the attitude and mood of a poem. Form Stanza: Several lines of verse in a poem. Rhyme: the ends of words sounding alike. Rhythm: the beat in a poem. Free Verse: Poetry with no strict rhyme or rhythm. Structure Narrative perspective: the point of view from which the story is told. First (I); Second (you) or Third (he/she/they) person perspective Contrast: someone or something that is a direct opposite of someone or something else. Enjambment: when the ends of lines do not have punctuation. Caesura: punctuation in the middle of a line of verse indicating a pause or break in ideas. Varied line length: The writer’s use of particularly long or short lines for effect. Direct Speech: reporting speech by repeating the actual words of the speaker.

1. Anaphora: the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. Turning point: the decisive moment when there is a change in the situation or the narrator’s point of view. Cyclical structure: When ideas or phrases at the beginning of the poem are repeated at the end of the poem. Repetition: When a word, phrase or method is used more than once. Polysyndeton: The repeated use of conjunctions (usually ‘and) within a sentence.

Co

nte

nt

The poem explores the power of the flag to either uplift the nation or be the source of the nation’s suffering.

The poem is about a mother who lives in a refugee camp and who faces the imminent and tragic death of her child.

The poem is about the speaker’s ability to rise above historical oppression. It is also about celebrating the speaker’s new found power.

The poem includes a child speaker praising her mother for all the love and kindness she has shown.

The poem is about a father warning his son against deceptive communication.

Co

nte

xt

an

d

Fo

rm

Agard highlights how the flag can bring unity within a nation and can also create a divide between nations.

Achebe wrote this poem during the Biafran War in Nigeria when many people had to leave their homes to live in refugee camps.

Angelou encourages black women to ‘rise’ above their social and cultural oppression.

Nichols uses the Praise Song an African/Caribbean story telling form and cultural experience, alongside the English language, in her poetry.

Okara exposes how British colonisation has influenced African relations and culture negatively.

Th

em

es

an

d Q

uo

tati

on

s

Pride ‘what’s that rising over the tent?’ ‘that makes the guts of men grow bold.’ Suffering ‘that will outlive the blood you bleed’

Motherly love ‘She had bathed him/ And rubbed him down with bare palms’ Suffering ‘with washed-out ribs’ ‘struggling in laboured / steps behind blown empty bellies’ Pride ‘And then – humming in her eyes – began to carefully part it.’

Pride ‘but still, like dust, I’ll rise’ ‘I’m a black ocean, leaping and wide’ ‘Suffering’ ‘You may shoot me with your words/ you may cut me with your eyes’

Motherly love ‘You were’ ‘replenishing replenishing’ ‘deep and bold and fathoming’

Pride ‘I want to be what I used to be/ when I was like you’ ‘So show me, son’ Suffering ‘I want to unlearn all these muting things’ ‘I want to relearn/ how to laugh’

English - Year 8 Term 5 and 6 U

sefu

l Vo

cab

ula

ry

Indigenous: native to a particular place or country. National fervour: intense passionate feeling for your country. Conscience: a person’s moral sense of right and wrong. Sceptical: doubting that something is true or useful.

Unsanitary: unhygienic conditions. Indifference: lack of interest, concern or sympathy. Devotion: love, loyalty and enthusiasm for a person or activity.

Oppression: the continuous harsh mistreatment of downtrodden people. Resilience: a proud and confident way to respond to oppression.

Considerate: characterised by showing interest or concern. Assurance: a confidence or certainty in one’s ability. Adoration: deep love and respect. Nostalgia: a sentimental longing for and remembering of the past.

Disingenuous: of a person being slightly dishonest or insincere. Despairing: feeling or showing a hopeless sense of the situation.

Semantic field: a set of words that are connected in meaning and relate to a specific subject Refrain: a repeated line or number of lines in a poem, typically at the end of a verse. Parts of speech Adjective: A word to describe a noun. Noun: A person, place or thing. Verb: A word to describe an action or a state of being. Adverb: A word to modify a verb. Pronoun: A word used to identify the speaker or another person.

Biology Knowledge Organiser: Organisms and their Relationships- Year 8

Abiotic (non-living factors) that effect communities of organisms

Biotic (living factors) that effect communities of organisms

Light intensity Availability of food

Temperature New predators arriving

Moisture levels New pathogens

Soil pH and mineral content New competitors

Wind intensity and direction

Carbon dioxide levels for plants

Availability of oxygen for aquatic animals

The importance of communities An ecosystem is the interaction of a community of living organisms with the non-living (abiotic) parts of their environment Organisms require materials from their surroundings and other living organisms to survive and reproduce Within a community, each species depends on other species for food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal. If one species is removed it can affect the whole community. This is called interdependence A stable community is where all the species and environmental factors are in balance so that population sizes remain fairly constant.

Key terms Population– the number of plants or animals of the same type that live in the same area. Predator– An animal that eats other animals. Prey– an animal that is eaten by another animal. Niche– organisms can co-exist within a habitat as they have a different niche. Interdependence - is the way in which organisms depend on each other to survive, grow and reproduce. Community-the organisms in a ecosystem Omnivore - an animal that eats both plants and animals. Ecosystem –where plants and animals are found in a particular location Habitat– The area in which an organism lives.

Food chains Food chains show the transfer of energy between organisms. Producer - an organism that makes its own food. Plants are producers and make food by photosynthesis. Consumer - an organism that eats other organisms as food. Herbivore - an animal that eats only plants. Carnivore – an animal that eats only other animals as food.

Food webs A food web is a set of linked food chains. When all the food chains in a habitat are joined up together they form a food web. Here is an example of a food web below.

Bioaccumulation Toxic chemicals can build up in organisms in a food chain until they reach harmful levels. This is called bioaccumulation. It is not only energy that transfers along a food chain. Some chemicals such as insecticides can be passed on.

For example: Some insecticides are washed into rivers and end up in the sea. Fish absorb small amounts of these chemicals and store them in their body. Seals eat the fish and the insecticide passes into their body. The levels of chemical accumulate (build up) in the seals because one seal eats a lot of fish. This process is called bioaccumulation.

Trophic levels and biomass A trophic level is a feeding level within a food chain Trophic levels are numbered according to how far the organism is along the food chain. Level 1 – Produces (plants/algae) Level 2- Primary consumers (herbivores) Level 3 – Secondary consumers (carnivores that eat herbivores) Level 4 – Tertiary consumers (eat secondary consumers) Apex predators – Carnivores with no predators Decomposers break down dead animals and secret enzymes into the environment. Pyramids of biomass can be constructed to represent the relative amount of biomass at each level of the food chain. Trophic level 1 is always at the bottom of the pyramid.

The amount of biomass in the organisms at each trophic level is less than in the previous level because: Not all off the organisms are eaten Some of the biomass eaten is passed out as faeces Large amounts of biomass are used in respiration.

Pyramids of biomass are always a pyramid shape.

The Periodic Table of Elem

ents

Li7 3lit

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sodi

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tass

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Rb85 37

rubi

dium

Cs

133

55ca

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Fr[223

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87

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Mg

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sium

Ca40 20

calc

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Sr88 38st

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Ba

137

56ba

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Ra

[226

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88ra

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Sc45 21sc

andi

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Y89 39yt

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La*

139

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Ac*

[227

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Ti48 22tit

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Zr91 40zi

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Hf

178

72ha

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Rf

[267

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104

ruth

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V51 23va

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Nb93 41

niob

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Ta181

73ta

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Db

[270

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105

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Cr

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Mo

96 42m

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W184

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106

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Tc[97] 43

tech

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Re

186

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107

bohr

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H1

hydr

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Fe56 261 iron

Ru

101

44ru

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Os

190

76os

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Hs

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108

hass

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Co59 27co

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Rh

103

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Ir192

77iridi

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[278

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109

mei

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Ni

59 28nick

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Pd106

46pa

lladi

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Pt195

78pl

atin

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Ds

[281

]

110

darm

stad

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Cu

63.5

29co

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Ag

108

47silv

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Au

197

79gold

Zn65 30zinc Cd

112

48ca

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Hg

201

80m

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B11 5bo

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Al

27 13al

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Ga

70 31ga

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49indi

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81th

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C12 6ca

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Si28 14silic

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Ge

73 32ge

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Sn119

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82lead

N14 7ni

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P31 15ph

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As75 33

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Sb122

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Bi

209

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Se79 34se

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F19 9flu

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[285

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zŽƵŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŝŶĂŵƉƐ;ͿƵƐŝŶŐĂŶĂŵŵĞƚĞƌ

DĂŐŶĞƟĐĮĞůĚƐ

DĂŐŶĞƟĐŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐĨĞĞůĂĨŽƌĐĞŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂƌŽƵŶĚĂŵĂŐŶĞƚĐĂůůĞĚĂŵĂŐŶĞƟĐĮĞůĚDĂŐŶĞƟĐĮĞůĚůŝŶĞƐƐŚŽǁƚŚĞƉĂƩĞƌŶŽĨƚŚĞŵĂŐŶĞƟĐĮĞůĚ

WŽƚĞŶƟĂůŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ

dŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŽĨĂĐĞůůƚĞůůƐǇŽƵƚŚĞƐŝǌĞŽĨƚŚĞƉƵƐŚŽŶƚŚĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƐĂŶĚŚŽǁŵƵĐŚĞŶĞƌŐǇĐĂŶďĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚďǇƚŚĞŵ

zŽƵŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶǀŽůƚƐƵƐŝŶŐĂǀŽůƚŵĞƚĞƌ dŚĞƌĂƟŶŐŽĨĂĐĞůůŽƌďĂƩĞƌǇƚĞůůƐǇŽƵƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞĂƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƚŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐ

DĂŐŶĞƚƐ

DĂŐŶĞƚƐŚĂǀĞĂŶŽƌƚŚƉŽůĞĂŶĚĂƐŽƵƚŚƉŽůĞ

>ŝŬĞƉŽůĞƐƌĞƉĞů;ƉƵƐŚĂƉĂƌƚͿĂŶĚƵŶůŝŬĞƉŽůĞƐĂƩƌĂĐƚ;ƉƵůůƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌͿ

ZĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ

ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚǁŝƚŚĂŚŝŐŚƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŚĂƐĂƐŵĂůůĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŝƚ

ZĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŝƐŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚŝŶŽŚŵƐ

zŽƵĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĞƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĂĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŝƚ

/ŶƐƵůĂƚŽƌƐŚĂǀĞĂǀĞƌǇŚŝŐŚƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĂŶĚĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌƐŚĂǀĞĂǀĞƌǇůŽǁƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ

^ĞƌŝĞƐĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶŽŶůǇŽŶĞůŽŽƉĂŶĚƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŝƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĞǀĞƌǇǁŚĞƌĞ

WĂƌĂůůĞůĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƐŚĂǀĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƐŝŶĂůůƚŚĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƐŝŶĂůůƚŚĞďƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĂĚĚƵƉƚŽŵĂŬĞƚŚĞƚŽƚĂůĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚŝŶĂƐĞƌŝĞƐĐŝƌĐƵŝƚ

/ŶƚŚŝƐĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƚŚĞĂŵŵĞƚĞƌƐϭϮĂŶĚϯĂůůƐŚŽǁƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ/ŶĂƐĞƌŝĞƐ

ĐŝƌĐƵŝƚŝƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ

ĞǀĞƌǇǁŚĞƌĞ

/ĨǇŽƵĂĚĚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐƚŽĂƐĞƌŝĞƐĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚǁŝůůŐĞƚƐŵĂůůĞƌ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚŝŶĂƉĂƌĂůůĞůĐŝƌĐƵŝƚ

ƉĂƌĂůůĞůĐŝƌĐƵŝƚŚĂƐŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŽŶĞůŽŽƉ/ŶƚŚĞĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƚŽƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƚŚĞ

ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŝŶĞĂĐŚďƌĂŶĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞdŚĞĂŵŵĞƚĞƌƐϮĂŶĚϯƐŚŽǁƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ

dŚĞĂŵŵĞƚĞƌƐϭĂŶĚϰŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƚŚĞƚŽƚĂůĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ

WŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶĂƐĞƌŝĞƐĐŝƌĐƵŝƚ

dŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĞĂĐŚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚĂĚĚƐƵƉƚŽƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞďĂƩĞƌǇ

WŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶĂƉĂƌĂůůĞůĐŝƌĐƵŝƚ

dŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĞĂĐŚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚŝƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƐƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞďĂƩĞƌǇ

ůĞĐƚƌŽŵĂŐŶĞƚƐ

ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŇŽǁŝŶŐŝŶĂĐŽŝůŽĨǁŝƌĞǁƌĂƉƉĞĚĂƌŽƵŶĚĂŵĂŐŶĞƟĐŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůŝƐĂŶĞůĞĐƚƌŽŵĂŐŶĞƚ

/ƚďĞŚĂǀĞƐůŝŬĞĂďĂƌŵĂŐŶĞƚďƵƚǇŽƵĐĂŶƚƵƌŶŝƚŽī

ůĞĐƚƌŽŵĂŐŶĞƚƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚŝŶŵĂŐůĞǀƚƌĂŝŶƐ

ŚŽƐƉŝƚĂůƐĂŶĚĐĂƌƐ

ZĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞсƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞрĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ

Summer Term Year 8 - Geography Knowledge Organiser

Coasts

1. Erosion The wearing away of material

2. Transportation The movement of material along the coastline

3. Deposition When the sea deposits (puts down) the material it is carrying.

4. Abrasion The waves picking up stones and rubbing them against the cliffs

wearing them away.

5. Hydraulic action The sheer power and force of the water hitting against the cliffs/

coastline which removes material.

6. Attrition When rocks carried by the water collide & bump into each other,

causing them to break into smaller, smoother pieces

7. Solution Some rock minerals dissolve in river water (e.g. calcium carbonate in

limestone)

8. Freeze-thaw

weathering

Water - from rainfall or melting snow and ice - becomes trapped in a

crack or joint in the rock. If the air temperature drops below freez-

ing, the water will freeze and expand by 9-10 per cent putting pres-

sure on the rock. The ice will melt when the temperature rises

above freezing. If this process happens repeatedly, the rock will

weaken and eventually shatter into angular fragments.

9. Biological weath-

ering

Animals and plants can wear away rocks. For example, burrowing

animals such as rabbits can burrow into a crack in a rock, making it

bigger and splitting the rock.

Plant roots can grow in cracks. As they grow bigger, the roots push

open the cracks and make them wider and deeper. Eventually pieces

of rock may fall away.

10. Chemical weath-

ering

Limestone is made of calcium carbonate. When carbon dioxide is

dissolved in rainwater, it makes a weak acid called carbonic acid.

When carbonic acid comes into contact with limestone and passes

through joints and bedding planes, it reacts with the rock to

form calcium bicarbonate. The calcium bicarbonate is soluble and is

carried away in solution, gradually weathering the limestone.

11. Erosional

landforms

Cave, arch

stack and

stump

12. Wave cut

platform

13. Headlands

and bays

Spring term 2 - Geography Knowledge Organiser

Coasts

14. Depositional

landforms: Spit

15. Tombolo

16. Coastal manage-

mebt

Groyne

A groyne a rigid structure built from an ocean shore that interrupts

water flow and limits the movement of sediment. It prevents the

process of long shore drift.

17. Sea wall A wall built on the edge of the coastline.

18. Rip Rap Large boulders are piled up on the beach.

19. Beach replenish-

ment

This replaces beach or cliff material that has been removed by ero-

sion or longshore drift.

20. Managed retreat Areas of the coast are allowed to erode and flood naturally. Usually

this will be areas considered to be of low value - eg places not being

used for housing or farmland.

21. Long shore

drift

22. Case study

Holderness

coast

The Holderness coast is in the north east of England. This is one of the

most vulnerable coastlines in the world and it retreats at a rate of one to

two metres every year.

The problem is caused by:

• Strong prevailing winds creating longshore drift that moves material

south along the coastline.

• The cliffs are made of a soft boulder clay. It will there-

fore erode quickly, especially when saturated.

The village of Mappleton, perched on a cliff top on the Holderness coast,

has approximately 50 properties. Due to the erosion of the cliffs, the vil-

lage is under threat.

In 1991, the decision was taken to protect Mappleton. A coastal man-

agement scheme costing £2 million was introduced involving two types

of hard engineering - placing rock armour along the base of the cliff and

building two rock groynes.

• Mappleton and the cliffs are no longer at great risk from erosion.

• The rock groynes have stopped beach material being moved south

from Mappleton along the coast. However, this

has increased erosion south of Mappleton. Benefits in one area might

have a negative effect on another.

The increased threat of sea level rise due to climate change, means that

other places will need to consider the sustainability of coastal defence

strategies for the future.

Year 8 Summer Term Geography Knowledge Organiser—Africa

Summer Term - History Knowledge Organiser: Slave trade and Civil Rights

1. British Empire It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established

by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height,

it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the

foremost global power.

2. Triangular Slave

trade

Operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash

crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa,

Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with

the northern colonies of British North America, especially New England,

sometimes taking over the role of Europe.

3. Middle Passage The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions

of Africans were shipped to the New World (Americas) from West Africa

as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

4. Tight Pack Slave ships made large profits by carrying as many slaves as possible

across the Atlantic to sell at auction. This method involved packing as

many slaves into the hold as possible. It was expected that some would

die but a large number would survive the voyage.

5. Loose Pack In this method fewer slaves were loaded, giving them more space to lie

out. More slaves survived the voyage, so less money was lost.

6. Auction Once in the Americas, slaves were sold, by auction, to the person that bid

the most money for them. It was here that family members would find

themselves split up, as a bidder may not want to buy the whole family,

only the strongest, healthiest member.

7. Scramble Sale Purchasers would literally "scramble" to gather as many slaves as they

could. People newly transported from Africa would be herded into a pen,

surrounded by eager buyers, often pushing and shoving in order to posi-

tion themselves to grab hold of the finest specimens. A starting gun would

be fired, and the buyers would surge into the pen to try and collect the

best individuals. Following the scramble, buyers lined up with their

"captured" slaves and paid for them at a fixed price.

8. Passive Resistance Uprising, or rebellion, was the most dramatic and bloody way that slaves

could resist their enslavement. Less obvious methods of passive

resistance occurred on the plantations such as stealing and damaging

property, working slowly and feigning stupidity.

9. House Slave House slaves worked in the homes of plantation owners performing do-

mestic tasks such as cooking and cleaning. They are sometimes believed

by historians to have been better treated than filed hand slaves.

10. Field Hand Were slaves who laboured in the plantation fields. They commonly were

used to plant, tend, and harvest cotton, sugar, rice, and tobacco. Field

slaves usually worked in the fields from sunrise to sundown, while being

monitored by an overseer.

11. Thomas Clarkson Was an English abolitionist, and a leading campaigner against the slave trade in the British Empire.

He helped found The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade (also known as the Soci-

ety for the Abolition of the Slave Trade) and helped achieve passage of the Slave Trade Act of

1807, which ended British trade in slaves.

12. William

Wilberforce

An MP who in 1787, came into contact with Thomas Clarkson and a group of anti-slave-trade

activists, including Granville Sharp, Hannah More and Charles Middleton. They persuaded

Wilberforce to take on the cause of abolition, and he soon became one of the leading

English abolitionists. He headed the parliamentary campaign against the British slave trade for

twenty years until the passage of the Slave Trade Act of 1807.

13. Olaudah Equiano Was a freed slave of Igbo extraction from the eastern part of present-day Nigeria, who supported

the British movement to end the slave trade. His autobiography, published in 1789, helped in the

creation of the Slave Trade Act 1807 which ended the African slave trade for Britain and its

colonies.

14. Abolition Act 1807 The act abolished the Slave Trade in the British colonies. It became illegal to carry slaves in British

ships (although many ships tried to evade the ban). The ultimate aim, however, had always been

the abolition of slavery itself which the Act did not achieve.

15. American Civil War The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. As a result of the long-

standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederate forces

attacked Fort Sumterin South Carolina, shortly after U.S. President Abraham Lin-

coln was inaugurated. The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S. Constitution.

They faced secessionists of the Confederate States, who advocated for states' rights to expand

slavery.

16. Ku Klux Klan Founded in 1866, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and

became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Reconstruction-era policies aimed at

establishing political and economic equality for former slaves.

17. Lynching In the U.S. most perpetrators of lynchings were white and the victims black. The political

message—the promotion of white supremacy and black powerlessness—was an important

element of the ritual, with lynchings photographed and published as postcards which were popular

souvenirs in the U.S

18. Segregation Segregation is the term used to describe the separation of black and white people in many south-

ern states of the United States, still common place until the 1960s. This meant many black people

were unable to sit on certain seats on public transport, enter certain shops or attend certain

schools.

19. Jim Crow Laws In many southern states discrimination was commonplace - and legal. States such as Alabama

introduced a series of laws to keep the races separated and the black population under control.

These measures were nicknamed the 'Jim Crow' laws, after a fictional character in the popular

minstrel shows that made fun of black people.

20. Martin Luther King

Jr

Was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and

leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 through 1968. He is best known for his role in the

advancement of civil rights using the tactics of nonviolence and civil disobedience based on

his Christian beliefs and inspired by the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi.

Summer Term - History Knowledge Organiser: Britain 1750 - 1914

1. Agricultural

Revolution

The transformation of British agriculture traditionally regarded as taking

place in England in the 18th and early 19th centuries around the time of

the Industrial Revolution.

2. Industrial

Revolution

The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late

18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery.

It was characterized by the use of steam power, the growth of factories,

and the mass production of manufactured goods.

3. John Kay Kay invented the flying shuttle, a machine that represented an important

step toward automatic weaving. Using the flying shuttle, one weaver

could weave fabrics of any width more quickly than two could before.

4. Richard Arkwright Sir Richard Arkwright was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur

during the early Industrial Revolution. He is credited with inventing

the spinning frame, which following the transition to water power was

renamed the water frame. Later in his life Arkwright was known as the

"father of the modern industrial factory system."

5. Richard Trevithick Richard Trevithick was a British mechanical engineer and inventor who

successfully harnessed high-pressure steam and constructed the world’s

first steam railway locomotive (1803). In 1805 he adapted his high-

pressure engine to driving an iron-rolling mill and to propelling a barge

with the aid of paddle wheels.

6. Cholera Asiatic cholera originated in India and spread to Europe in the early years

of the nineteenth-century. In Britain the first cases were diagnosed late in

1831. The epidemic, reached London in February 1832.

7. John Snow Was a famous English doctor who proved that Cholera was not an air

borne disease (Miasma) but was spread in the water supply. He proved

this in 1854 in Soho when he traced a Cholera outbreak to the Broad

Street Pump.

8. 1848 and 1875

Public Health Acts

Were a series of Acts of Parliament designed to improve the terrible

public health conditions being experienced by the rapidly expanding

population of Britain.

9. Smallpox In London, in the decade from 1760 to 1770, 25,000 people died of small-

pox, out of a total death toll of 250,000 – which means that smallpox

accounted for a tenth of all deaths. It was a terrible disease which, if

survived, caused terrible scarring.

10. Edward Jenner Made the link between Cowpox and Smallpox working with milk maids in

Gloucestershire. Hen then experimented giving cowpox to people and

proving their immunity to smallpox. This became the first vaccination.

11. Tenements In the rapidly expanding urban areas of Britain in the 19th Century tenement blocks became

common. These buildings were built to provide high density housing for migrants to the city and

housed whole families in one room. They were often 5+ stories high and had no form of running

water and sanitation.

12. Poor Laws he Poor Law was the way that the poor were helped in 1815. The law said that each parish had to

look after its own poor. If you were unable to work then you were given some money to help you

survive. However, the cost of the Poor Law was increasing every year. By 1830 it cost about £7

million and criticism of the law was mounting.

13. Workhouses Life in a workhouse was intended to be harsh, to deter the able-bodied poor and to ensure that

only the truly destitute would apply. As the 19th century wore on, workhouses increasingly

became refuges for the elderly, infirm and sick rather than the able-bodied poor.

14. The Chartists Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain that existed from 1838 to

1857. It took its name from the People's Charter of 1838 and was a national protest movement,

with particular strongholds of support in Northern England, the East Midlands, the Staffordshire

Potteries, the Black Country, and the South Wales Valleys.

15. The Reform Act Was a piece of British legislation that enfranchised part of the urban male working class in England

and Wales for the first time in 1867.

Before the Act, only one million of the seven million adult males in England and Wales could vote;

the Act immediately doubled that number. Moreover, by the end of 1868 all male heads of house-

hold were enfranchised as a result of the end of compounding of rents.

16. Suffragettes The Suffragettes wanted the right for women to vote.

The move for women to have the vote had really started in 1897 when Millicent Fawcett founded

the National Union of Women’s Suffrage. “Suffrage” means the right to vote and that is what

women wanted – hence its inclusion in Fawcett’s title.

17. Jack the Ripper Between August and November 1888,the Whitechapel area of London was the scene of five brutal

murders. The killer was dubbed 'Jack the Ripper'. All the women murdered were prostitutes, and

all except for one - Elizabeth Stride - were horribly mutilated.

18. Transportation Transportation was an alternative punishment to hanging. Convicted criminals were transported to

the colonies to serve their prison sentences. It had the advantages of removing the criminal from

society and being quite cheap - the state only had to pay the cost of the journey.

Summer Term - ICT Knowledge Organiser: Word and PowerPoint

Presentation vocab

Presentation The presentation is a collection of individual slides that contain information on a topic.

PowerPoint Software within the Microsoft Office package used to create presentations.

Formatting Arranging or putting content into a format, such as the number and size of fields in a record or the spacing and punctuation of information in a report.

Text The words in a written piece of work.

Font The style and presentation of text (e.g., size, colour.)

Image A picture that has been created or copied and stored in electronic form.

Animation Moving or changing content within a presentation using effects.

Transition The effects used when changing from one presentation slide to another.

Content The images, text, videos and animations, which are contained in a presentation.

PowerPoint

Text

Short Bullet points

Consistent Font

A good size

The right colour for your background

Image

Think about the number of images to your audience

Make them appropriate to your audience

A good size Make sure they are a good size

Animations and Transitions

Keep them simple

Use them as an aid, not as a restore

Keep them short

Test them to ensure they work

Word

Standard Features

All word processing applications allow you to:

enter and edit text

save

print

cut/copy/paste

check your spelling

Text Formatting

Formatting text makes a document easier to read. You can:

change font type and size

change the alignment of text (left, centre, right or justified)

bold text

underline text

italicise text

create bulleted or numbered lists

Top 5 things to know in Microsoft Word Page Setup

Page Numbers Table of contents Page orientation Section breaks

Summer Term - ICT Knowledge Organiser: Excel and DTP

Spreadsheet vocab

Spreadsheet An electronic document in which data is arranged in the rows and columns of a grid and can be manipulated.

Excel Software within the Microsoft Office package used to create spreadsheets.

Cell A cell is a single unit of storage within a spreadsheet program.

Cell reference The specific location of a cell within a spreadsheet (e.g. D2)

Range A cell reference which links to a group of connected cells (e.g., D2:F6)

Formula An expression used in a spreadsheet to perform a calculation.

Data Facts or information collected which has no meaning on its own (e.g., numbers or symbols)

Information Data which has been put into context to provide meaning (e.g., a list of people’s ages)

Sort Organise data or information into order.

Search Look through data or information to find results that meet a certain criteria.

Filter Setting conditions so that only certain data is displayed.

Excel

Formulae

Sum Add all cells within a range

Min Finds the minimum value within a range

Max Finds the maximum value within a range

Average Finds the average for a range of cells.

Count Finds the number of values within a given range.

Operators

+ Adds two numbers / cells

- Subtracts one cell or number from another

* Multiplies two numbers/cells

/ Divides one number / cell from another one

< Less than

> Greater than

<= Less than or equal to

>= Greater than or equal to

Desktop Publishing What is desktop publishing?

How do columns define the design of a document? The number of columns you use gives the reader a message as to what type of material can be expected . Newspapers tend to use four or five columns, while magazines tend to use three. Books normally use one or two columns . Titles and text must be flush left and images lined up Graphics- Images are used to attract the readers eye, and persuade them to read the publication. Therefore, photographs or graphics should accompany the text they support.

Graphics also help to break up long "gray" passages of text, to make it more palatable for the reader.

Tips for Image Use: Make them

•Relevant Use pictures to clarify key concepts and attract attention to them.

Consistent Unify your publication with your choice or treatment of pictures.

Human Most people like to look at other people. Portraits of people will draw readers' attention, especially if the images are relevant

House style is a company's preferred manner of presentation and layout of written material.

Year 8 Spanish—Term 5 ¿Qué casa prefieres? Which house do you prefer?

esta casa/piso es… This house/flat is...

este piso es… This flat is...

amplio spacious

antiguo old

bonito/bonita nice

cómodo comfortable

enorme enormous

feo/fea ugly

grande big

maravilloso marvellous

moderno modern

pequeño small

cerca de la playa near the beach

en el centro in the centre

en la montaña in the mountains

más...que more...than

menos...que less...than

prefiero I prefer

¿Qué se puede hacer en...? What can you do in...?

Se puede(n)... You can...

hacer senderismo go hiking

hacer actividades náuticas do water sports

hacer artes marciales do martial arts

ir a la bolera go bowling

ir al cine go to the cinema

ir de compras go shopping

ir de paseo en bicicleta go on a bike ride

ir a la playa go to the beach

ir al restaurante go to the restaurant

jugar al golf play golf

jugar al voleibol play volleyball

jugar al tenis play tennis

ver la catedral see the cathedral

visitar un castillo visit a castle

High-frequency words

bastante quite donde where esta, este this está it is muy very también also, too

la Casa House

tiene has

una cocina a kitchen

un comedor a dining room

un cuarto de baño a bathroom

un dormitorio a bedroom

un salón a lounge

una chimenea a chimney

un jardín a garden

una piscina a swimming pool

una terraza a terrace

vistas al mar views of the sea

¿Dónde está? Where is…?

la catedral the cathedral

la estación de tren the train station

el parque de atracciones the theme park

el parque acúatico the water parl

la pista de karting the go-kart track

sigue todo recto Keep straight on

dobla a la derecha Turn right

dobla a la izquierda Turn left

toma la primera a la derecha Take the first right

toma la segunda a la izquierda Take the second left

cruza la plaza Cross the square

está a la derecha It's on the right

está a la izquierda It's on the left

Expresiones de tiempo Time phrases

ayer Yesterday

el fin de semana pasado Last weekend

el verano pasado last summer

el año pasado last year

hace dos años two years ago

hoy today

mañana tomorrow

este fin de semana this weekend

el verano que viene next summer

el año que viene next year

Key Questions

¿Adónde fuiste de vacaciones? With whom you went on holiday?

¿Con quién fuiste? With whom you went?

¿Cómo fuiste? How you went?

¿Qué hiciste? What you did?

¿Cómo te fue? How was it?

¿Que haces con tu móvil? What you do with your mobile?

¿Qué tipo de música te gusta? What type of music you like?

¿Te gustan las comedias? You like comedies?

¿Qué te gusta comer? What you like to eat?

¿Qué desayunas? What you have for breakfast?

¿Que va/van a tomar? What are you going to take/have?

¿Algo más? Anything else?

¿Qué vamos a comprar? What are we going to buy?

¿Qué comemos? What shall we eat?

¿Te gustaría ir al cine? You would like to go to the cinema?

¿Dónde quedamos? Where shall we meet?

¿A qué hora? At what time?

¿Quieres salir? You want to go out?

¿Cómo te preparas? How do you get ready?

¿Qué llevas normalmente? What you wear normally?

¿Que vas a llevar? What are you going to wear?

¿Que casa prefieres? What house you prefer?

¿Qué se puede hacer en…? What can you do in…?

¿Dónde está? Where is?

Key Responses

Fui a/con/en I went to/with/to

Visité/Saqué/Compré I visited/took/bought

Monté/Descansé/Bailé I rode/relaxed/danced

Nadé/Mandé/Comí I swan/sent/ate

Salí/Vi/Conocí I went out/saw/met

Bebí/Escribí/Hice/Jugué I drank/write/did/played

Fue It was

Desayuno/Ceno For breakfast I have/for dinner I have

Desayuné/Cené For breakfast I had/for dinner I had

Voy a tomar I am going to have

Vamos a comprar We are going to buy

Prefiero comer/beber I prefer to eat/drink

Si, me gustaría mucho Yes, I would like a lot

No tengo ganas I don't feel like it

No quiero I don't want to

Lo siento, no puedo Sorry, I can't

Tengo que + infinitive I have to + infinitive

Quedamos We meet

me ducho/me baño/me peino/me visto

I shower/I bath/ I brush my hair/ I get dressed

me pongo gomina/me aliso el pelo I put gel on my hair/I straighten my hair

Llevo I wear

Voy a llevar I am going to wear

Year 8 Spanish Term 6

Key words

sin embargo however a veces sometimes todos los días everyday luego then bastante quite muy very

mucho much/a lot

con with algo something donde where además additionally aquí here a ver let's see más more

Summer Term - Performing Arts Music Knowledge Organiser The Beatles

The Beatles were a highly successful and popular British rock band from Liverpool, England. They are widely regarded as the most influential rock band in history and are known world-wide. The Beatles continue to be a major influence on music well into the 21st century, having sold over a billion records overall. The Beatles paved the way for new musical styles and influenced cultural revolutions in the 1960s and 1970s. The members of the most famous line-up of the Beatles were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr.

The world’s largest purpose-built recording studio, Studio One can comfortably accommodate a large symphony orchestra or chorus. It’s played host to celebrated classical recordings from Elgar and Prokofiev, as well as iconic film scores from The Lord of The Rings Trilogy, The Empire Strikes Back, Skyfall and Gravity to Black Panther, Solo: A Star Wars Story and the multi award winning The Shape of Water. Artist sessions include Stevie Wonder, Kanye West, Sting, Harry Styles and U2.

Summer Term - Performing Arts Music Knowledge Organiser Film Music

Key Ideas and Concepts

1. Purpose Music in a film is there to set the scene, enhance the mood, tell the audience things that the visuals cannot, or manipulate their feelings. Sound effects are not music!

2. Specially composed music

Some music is composed specially for a film. Much of this is broadly classical in style.

3. Borrowed music Some music used in film soundtracks was composed for other (non-film) purposes, but is adopted for use in a film because it fits the film-maker’s intentions.

4. Theme songs Sometimes a song, usually a pop song, is used as a theme song for a film. This helps with marketing and publicity.

5. Video game music Music for video games fulfils a very similar function to that of film music.

Key Terms

1. Click track A click metronome heard by musicians through headphones as they record.

2. Cues The parts of the film that require music. This is agreed between the director and the composer.

3. Diegetic Music that is part of the action: the characters in the film can hear it.

4. Leitmotif A short melody that is associated with a character or idea in a film.

5. Mickey mousing When the music fits precisely with a specific part of the action in a film.

6. Non-diegetic Music that is not part of the action: the characters in the film cannot hear it. It is just for the audience.

7. Syncing, sync point A precise moment where the timing of the music needs to fit with the action.

8. Underscore Where music is played at the same time as action or dialogue.

Spring Term - Performing Arts Drama Knowledge Organiser

Murder Mystery

Interpretation How you turn what’s written on the page into a performance. What you can add to the script, and how you can ‘make it your own’.

Blocking Your planned positions on stage. It is important to make sure everyone is in the right place, and to make sure you aren't anyone's way!

Characterisation All the things you are doing to ‘become’ the character. This includes your facial expressions, body language, your use of voice, gesture and anything else you can change about how you act.

Monologue When a character performs a speech, on their own. In a monologue, the actor’s relationship with the audience is essential, as is a strong sense of character.

Atmosphere The ‘feel’ or mood of a scene. This is created by the actions of those on stage - movement and speech creates a particular atmosphere, and changing the movement/speech changes the atmosphere.

Synchronisation When things are done ‘in-time’, i.e. two or more people doing exactly the same thing at exactly the same time.

Proxemics The distances on stage, and what they imply. For example if we see two characters stood next to each other onstage, we assume they have a close relationship.

Stimulus The initial ‘thing’ that your devised piece will be based on. This could be anything - an image, a song, some words. You can take themes or ideas from the stimulus and develop drama from there.

Structure An important thing to consider will be the structure of your performance. How do you want it to start? How do you want it to finish? What are you building towards?

Audience reaction One of the most important things to consider when devising is how you want your audience to react to the piece. Then you can consider how you achieve this effect.

Thought-tracking When characters step out and tell us their thoughts. Can tell us much more about a character.

Hot-seating When one person plays a character, sitting on the seat, and others ask questions. Can tell us much more about a character.

Narration Telling the story to the audience. Could be done by any actor on stage, not just a narrator...

Physical theatre When we use our movement and positions to represent things that aren't 'human'. Can be used to create different locations, moods, atmospheres as well as to show us a character’s state of mind.

Flashback Breaking the timeframe of the play to show us moments from the characters’ past

Direct address When characters speak directly to the audience, acknowledging their existence and addressing them as actual people. Used to create a closer relationship between the characters and the audience.

Multi-roleing When actors play more than one character in the same performance. Used to break the ‘realism’ of the play.

Non-naturalism When a play is set up to not look real.

Cross-cutting When you set up two scenes and switch between them. This can be used to show contrast, or two sides of a story

Marking the moment Utilising contrast to make one moment of a scene more important. Can be done in lots of different ways (pace, volume, stillness, etc). Highlights an important moment for the audience.

Resistant Materials Knowledge Organiser

Project: Mobile Phone Holder DESIGN BRIEF Over 2.3 billion people own a Smart phone. A leading smart phone company has asked you to design and make a phone holder suitable for a target market of your choice. The phone holder must: Keep the phone in an upright position Be able to hold a specified phone Be constructed out of acrylic Use vinyl to add detail and pattern

THERMOPLASTIC These plastics do not resist heat very well and so can be easily formed into other shapes. On heating this type of plastic does not undergo a chemical change (as is the case with thermosetting plastic) and waste can be re-ground into granules and re-used. A heated sheet of thermoplastic which has been moulded into a shape can be reheated and it will go back to its original shape. This returning to shape is referred to as plastic memory.

THERMOSETTING These are stronger and harder than thermoplastics. They resist heat and fire and are often used for objects like pan handles and electrical fittings. These plastics do not change shape when re-heated.

THERMOPLASTIC Properties Uses

Polyamides (nylon) Tough, resists abrasion, self lubricating Ropes, fishing line, gears, zips

Acrylics Good impact strength and transparency Goggles, windows, lenses

Polycarbonates Strength, toughness, resists impact Bottles, safety helmets

Polyethylene Differing densities, resists chemicals Buckets, toys, small components

PVC Cheap, rigid or flexible, poor strength. Low resistance to heat

Floor tiles, hose, pipes, cable coatings

ABS Can be moulded with fine details Telephones, car trim

Polystyrene Easy to use, many colours Packaging trays, vending cups, ceiling tiles

THERMOSETTING Properties Uses

Melamine Formaldehyde Strong, Hard and Heat resistant Plastic tableware, kitchen worktops

Phenol Formaldehyde(bakelite)

Hard and brittle Cookware handles, dark coloured electrical fittings, kettle/iron handles

Urea Formaldehyde Tough, attractive Electrical fittings, door handles, bottle tops

Polyester Resin Strong when reinforced with glass fibres

Car bodies, boat hulls, buttons

Key word Definition

Acrylic A plastic sheet we use in the laser cutter, comes in a variety of colours

Strip heater A machine which has a heated element used to heat plastics so they can be shaped

Vinyl A sticky backed plastic which can be applied as a surface finish

2D Design A computer based programme we use for designing which falls into CAD

Vinyl Cutter A machine used to cut Vinyl, known as a CAM machine

Dichloromethane A solvent adhesive used to fuse plastics together

CAM Computer aided manufacture

Jig A device created to bend or shape a material into the same shape item and time again accurately

Silicon carbide paper An abrasive paper that can be used wet and dry in order to achieve a smooth finish on the edge of plastics

Needle file A smaller version of a file used to smooth the edges of metals or plastics


Project: Mobile Phone Holder

Vacuum forming Thermoplastic sheet clamped in place;Sheet is heated;Mould pushed into the melted plastic;Air is sucked out to force sheet over mould;5. Plastic allowed to cool and the mould is the ejected.

Line bending Mark a sheet of thermoplastic, such as acrylic;Heat over a thin narrow line until it becomes soft and pliable;3. The sheet can then be bent into an angle, often using a jig or former.

Injection Moulding

Granules of thermoplastic are fed into the screw unit via a hopper;The granules are melted by heaters which surround the unit;4. The molten plastic is forced into a mould;5. Water is then pumped around the mould to cool the plastic before the product is ejected.

Blow Moulding

A parison of molten plastic is inserted into the split mould;The split mould closes;Hot air is pushed into the plastic, pushing the plastic to the edge of the mould;4. The plastic is then cooled, allowing it to harden. The mould is opened and the product ejected.

A jig is used to make sure that parts are made exactly the same, without the need for marking out. For example, when drilling through a block of wood with two holes in, it will make sure that the holes are drilled in the same place in each component.

A former is used to make sure that parts are shaped or bent to exactly the same shape.

A template is something that you can draw around to mark a shape onto material, so that it can be cut or shaped.

A pattern is used to make a mould when casting in metal or plastic resin. It is a replica of the finished object and may be made in wood or another soft material. Patterns are also used when shaping plastics in a vacuum-forming machine.

A mould is a hollow shape used when casting metal or plastic resin. Moulds for casting metal can be made in a special type of sand, in metal or in plaster. Moulds for casting resin can be made of plaster or rubber


Project: Wooden Box

Design Brief

Design and make a wooden box suitable to keep small objects safe. Your box must:

Have various box joints

Use different types of wood to include pine, MDF and ply wood

Have a patterned lid stained with wood dye

Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product made by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibres, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. MDF is generally denser than plywood.

Plywood is an engineered wood product made from thin layers or "plies" of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another.

Key word Definition

Comb/Finger joint A type of wood joint used on right angles, it is a strong joint

Vice A wood working tool attached to the work bench which holds materials securely

File A hand tool which has small teeth used to make edges of material smooth

Knot An imperfection in timber where a branch would have been

Hardwood Woods that come from Deciduous trees

Softwood Woods that come from coniferous trees

Adhesive A technical term for glue used to stick materials together

Manufactured Boards

A man made sheet timber not naturally occurring

Pine A type of softwood which is cheap and fast growing

Grain Lines on the wood which come from the trees annual rings

Timber

There are two types of timber, called hardwood and softwood. These names do not refer to the properties of the wood: some softwoods can be hard and some hardwoods can be soft. Softwoods come from coniferous trees which are evergreen, needle-leaved, cone-bearing trees, such as cedar, fir and pine.

Hardwoods come from broad-leaved, deciduous trees. The main hardwood timbers are ash, beech, birch, cherry, elm, mahogany, oak and teak.

Hardwood

This type of timber is produced from broad leaf trees that lose their leaves in winter – a deciduous tree. The photograph opposite is of the oak tree which grows in this country.

Uses – Oak is a hardwood and is used to make expensive furniture/flooring and strong framed structures.

The term hardwood does not mean that the timber is hard. For example balsa is used for modelling, it is a hard wood but it is one of the softest timbers to work with.

Model aircraft made out of balsa.

This type of timber is produced from trees that do not lose their leaves (coniferous).

Softwood trees grow much quicker than the hardwood ones, they are therefore cheaper to buy and far more available. Softwood is used for construction of houses and furniture and outdoor uses such as fencing.

Leaves are easily identified as being thin and narrow.

The term “softwood” does not mean that the timber is soft, as pitch pine is one of the most difficult timbers to work with, yet is a member of this group.


Project: Wooden Box

ACCESS FM A: Aesthetics, what does the product look like? C: Cost, how much does the product cost to buy? C: Customer, who would buy or use the product? E: Environment, where would the product be used or stored? S: Size, how big or small is the product? S: Safety, how safe during normal use?

F: Function, how does the product work? M: Material, what is the product made of?


Project: LED Lamp

Soldering in Ten Steps:

Start with the smallest components working up to the taller components, soldering any interconnecting wires last.

2. Place the components into the board, making sure it goes in the right way around and the part sits flush against the board. Bend the leads slightly to secure the part. Make sure the soldering iron has warmed up and if necessary use the damp

sponge to clean the tip. Place the soldering iron on the pad. Using your free hand feed the end of the solder onto the pad (top

picture) Remove the solder, then the soldering iron. Leave the joint to cool for a few seconds. Using a pair of cutters trim the excess component lead (middle picture). If you make a mistake heat up the joint with the soldering iron, whilst the

solder is molten, place the tip of your solder extractor by the solder and push the button (bottom picture).

Key word Definition

Acrylic A plastic sheet we use in the laser cutter, comes in a variety of colours

MDF Medium Density Fibreboard, a manufactured material

PCB Printed Circuit Board

Solder A tin and lead alloy used to connect components on the PCB

Soldering Iron A hand tool which is used to heat and melt the solder

Soldering Iron Stand Holds the soldering iron safely to prevent danger

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

2D Design A computer based programme we use for designing which falls into CAD

Hot Glue gun Hand tool which heats up glue sticks to glue components together

Disc Sander Machine sander which has a disc of glass paper which spins

Term 3 & 4 Food Technology Knowledge Organiser

Theme: International Cuisine

Types of Pastry

Shortcrust Pastry

This is probably the most versatile type of pastry as it can be used for savoury and sweet pies, tarts and flans. There are several different ways of making shortcrust pastry.

Puff Pastry

This is one of the ‘flaked pastries’ characterised by fat and air being trapped between the layers of the pastry dough to give a flimsy, light and crisp finish.. It is used for savoury pie crusts and as wrapping for meat and poultry, as well as vol-au-vents, cream horns and mille feuilles (small iced cakes that are filled with jam and cream.)

Flaky Pastry

Used as a crust for savoury pies, sausage rolls, Eccles cakes and jam puffs, flaky pastry is best made in cool conditions and must be chilled during and after making, to prevent the fat content from melting out under cooking conditions.

Filo Pastry

This type of pastry is made in very thin sheets and used as a casing for numerous delicate savoury and sweet dishes. Made with high gluten content flour, filo is very difficult to make and needs careful handling because it is such a thin, fragile pastry that dries out quickly.

Nutrients and their sources Energy Potatoes, cereals, bread, pasta Fat Sausages, bacon, nuts, oily fish Protein Fish, eggs, meat, pulses Vitamin A Yellow fruits and vegetables, dairy products, egg yolk Vitamin B Red meat, eggs, whole grains Vitamin C Citrus fruits, dark green vegetables, potatoes Vitamin D Oily fish, eggs, liver Vitamin E Nuts, seeds, egg yolk Calcium Dairy foods, green leafy vegetables, bread with fortified flour Iron Red meat, beans, nuts, whole grain cereals

Methods of Heat Transference

Keyword Definition

Salmonella A bacterium commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. It can also be found on raw meats, poultry, eggs and in unpasteurised milk.

E. Coli Type of bacteria common in human and animal intestines

Campylobacter The most common cause of food poisoning in the UK. It is found in undercooked meat, especially chicken.

Conduction Occurs when two objects at different temperatures are in contact with each other. Heat flows from the warmer to the cooler object until they are both at the same temperature.

Convection The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) between areas of different temperature.

Radiation A method of heat transfer that does not rely upon any contact between the heat source and the heated object.

Food miles A way of measuring the environmental impact of how far food has travelled before it reaches the consumer.

Importing Bringing products or services into a country for sale that have been made elsewhere.

Exporting Businesses that sell their goods and services to customers in other countries.

Organic The product of a farming system which avoids the use of man-made chemicals to support growth.

Fairtrade Better prices, decent working conditions, local sustainability, and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers in the developing world.

Seasonal foods Foods that are ready to be harvested in your part of the world

Calories Amount of energy in food or drink

Staple food Usually grown in the country, it is cheap to buy and a source of starchy carbohydrate

Origin The place where something begins or comes from

Kosher Foods that conform to the Jewish dietary regulations

Halal Refers to what is permissible or lawful in traditional Islamic law. It is frequently applied to permissible food and drinks.

Primary processing The conversion of raw materials to food commodities. Milling wheat grains into flour is an example

Secondary processing The conversion of ingredients into edible products - for example wheat flour into bread

Wholegrain The entire grain to include the bran, the germ and the endosperm

Year 8 Art – Term 5 and 6 Landscape Painting and David Hockney

David Hockney is

a master of

Colour and

Pattern. He uses

a bright pallet

of exaggerated

tones to create

modern Pop Art

landscapes.

David Hockney is

an English

painter,

printmaker, stage

designer and

photographer. As

an important

contributor to the

Pop Art movement

in the 1960s, he

is considered one

of the most

influential

British artists of

our time.

Hockneys

landscapes are

huge and often

made of several

canvases put

together. Certain

key features

always appear such

as a strong sense

of perspective and

vanishing points

as well as bright

colours and

layered mark

making.

Key Words

PERSPECTIVE _ Showing depth and distance in a painting.

MARK MAKING _ Lines, patterns and textures used to create a piece of art

work..

COMPOSITION _ The placement or arrangement of objects or elements in a piece

of art.

VANISHING POINT _ The furthest point on the horizon line at which you can’t see

beyond.

VIBRANCY _ A striking brightness of colour.

PLEIN AIR _ When an artist leaves their studio and goes to paint from

real life outside.

POP ART _ An Art movement started in the 1960s that was aimed at a

younger audience using popular culture as its main influence.

PAINTING Key questions to ask yourself…

Am I layering the paint from dark to

light?

Am I mixing my own colours…NOT using

colour straight from the tube!

Am I using a variety of tones and

tints? Am I creating VERY DARK TONES

OF COLOUR……NOT BLACK for shadows?

How to use your Knowledge Organisers?

What is a Knowledge Organiser?

A knowledge Organiser sets out the most important facts and ideas that your teachers believe you

need to study their subject this term. We want you to memorise information that will support

what you are learning in class.

Why do we need Knowledge Organisers?

To make your homework more meaningful and to link it more directly to what you learn in

lessons.

To help you make sense of what you learn in lessons, allowing you to complete more chal-

lenging tasks.

To help you develop the memorising techniques you will need to be successful at GCSE.

To give you the opportunity to feel more of an expert in the subjects you are learning.

How does your memory work?

You store information in both your long and short

term memory. Your short term memory is your

‘working memory’ - you use it for day to day

thinking and problem solving, and memories here

are only held for a short amount of time. Your long

term memory contains information that you know

really well, and your short term memory ‘calls it up’

when it needs to use it.

If you don’t memorise information, your short term

memory soon ‘forgets it’. Also if you try to rely too

much on your short term memory it quickly

overloads and this will affect your ability to think

clearly and you will make mistakes.

To store information in your long term memory you need to practise:

Repetition - Keep coming back to the information again and again.

Spacing - Mixing up the information you study to test your memory.

Testing - Find ways to check what you remember, and to work out your weaker areas.

year 8...a cube/cuboid =𝑳 𝒏 𝒕 × 𝒕 𝑯 𝒕 =𝑳 × 𝑯 you can also use the volume...

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