Internet of Things

Innovations & Megatrends

Briefing

Monday, April 18, 2016

Mark Goldstein, International Research Center

PO Box 825, Tempe, AZ 85280-0825, Phone: 602-470-0389

markg@researchedge.com

http://www.researchedge.com/

© 2016 - International Research Center

Internet of Things (IoT) Presentation Outline

IoT Overview and Ecosystems

IoT Computing Platforms and Sensors

IoT Gateway and Network Connections

IoT Application Arenas

• Consumer and Home Automation

• Wearables

• Healthcare and Life Science

• Retail and Logistics

• Industrial

• Smart Buildings

• Smart Cities and Environment

• Transportation

IoT Security and Privacy

IoT Standards and Organizations

IoT Data Applications and Business Models

IoT Overview and Ecosystems

Source: Postscapes (http://postscapes.com/)

Source: Postscapes (http://postscapes.com/)

Source: Postscapes (http://postscapes.com/)

(Gateway)

IoT Technology Stack

Source: Ovum

Source: TE Connectivity

IoT Adoption Landscape

Source: Postscapes (http://postscapes.com/)

IoT Computing Platforms

Source: Aeris Communications

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/

embedded/embedded-design-center.html

16GB NOOBS

SD Card

Raspberry Pi

Camera Board

PiFace Relay+

https://www.element14.com/community/community/raspberry-pi/

https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-zero/

The Raspberry Pi Zero is half the size of

a Model A+, with twice the utility. A tiny

Raspberry Pi that’s affordable enough

for any project!

• 1Ghz, Single-core CPU

• 512MB RAM

• Mini HDMI & USB On-The-Go ports

• Micro USB power

• HAT-compatible 40-pin header

• Composite video & reset headers

• Can utilize Raspbian Jessie OS Adafruit Raspberry Pi Zero Starter Packhttp://www.adafruit.com/products/2816

65 mm x 30 mm x 5 mm

http://www.ti.com/product/cc2541

The Texas Instruments

CC2541 is a power-

optimized true system-on-

chip (SoC) solution for

both Bluetooth low energy

and proprietary 2.4-GHz

applications. It enables

robust network nodes to

be built with low total bill-

of-material costs. The

CC2541 combines the

excellent performance of a

leading RF transceiver

with an industry-standard

enhanced 8051 MCU, in-

system programmable

flash memory, 8-KB RAM,

and many other powerful

supporting features and

peripherals. The CC2541 is

highly suited for systems

where ultralow power

consumption is required.

TI CC2541 SOC

Intel’s Edison computer is housed in an SD card form factor and comes with built-

in Linux and both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless. The computer, which is based on

Intel's 22-nanometer Quark chips, can be the basis for a new wave of products

and will become available summer 2014. Source: eWeek

Intel Curie Module Unleashing Wearable Device Innovation

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en

/wearables/wearable-soc.html

Intel’s Curie module is a complete low-

power solution for the wearable space

with compute, motion sensor, Bluetooth

Low Energy, and battery charging

capabilities.

Key Features:

• Low-power, 32-bit Intel Quark SE SoC

• 384kB Flash memory, 80kB SRAM

• Small and efficient open source real-

time operating system (RTOS)

• Low-power integrated DSP sensor hub

with a proprietary pattern matching

accelerator

• Bluetooth Low Energy

• 6-Axis combo sensor with

accelerometer and gyroscope

• Battery charging circuitry (PMIC)

• Released January, 2015

IoT Sensors

SunFounder 37 Modules Raspberry Pi B+ Sensor Kit

http://www.sunfounder.com/index.php?c=show&id=47&model=Sensor%20Kit%20for%20B+

Detailed tutorial, source code

& 32 lessons on project DVD

Horizon 2020: Sensors

Source: Telecom Italia

Sensor Cluster Trends for Mobile Phones

(Inertial Measurement Units)

AMS AV-MLV-P2 is a volatile organic compounds (VOC) gas sensor which can detect

alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, amines, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

IoT Gateway and

Network Connectons

Telit m2m AIR Mobile Core Service

http://www.telit.com/

https://octoblu.com/ (Now part of Citrix)

Full-Stack IoT Messaging and Automation Platform

M2M Unlicensed Wireless Communications Comparison

Source: IEEE 802.11ah: The Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications Paper 10/14

Why the Present 802.11 Technology is Inadequate:

• Absence of power-saving mechanisms: The energy constraints of sensor networks are not considered in the current IEEE 802.11 standard.

• Unsuitable bands: Due to their short wireless range and high obstruction losses, existing Wi-Fi bands require the use of intermediate nodes, adding complexity to the network.

IEEE 802.11ah Requirements to Support M2M Communications:

• Up to 8,191 devices associated with an access point (AP) through a hierarchical identifier structure

• Carrier frequencies of approximately 900 MHz (license-exempt) that are less congested and guarantee a long range

• Transmission range up to 1 km in outdoor areas• Data rates of at least 100 kbps• One-hop network topologies• Short and infrequent data transmissions (data packet size approximately 100 bytes and

packet inter-arrival time greater than 30 s)• Very low energy consumption by adopting power saving strategies• Cost-effective solution for network device manufacturers

IEEE 802.11ah Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications

http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgah_update.htm

http://www.techrepublic.com/article/802-11ah-wi-fi-protocol-for-iot-solves-two-m2m-problems/

http://www.lightreading.com/iot/iot-strategies/how-iot-forked-the-mobile-roadmap/

How IoT Forked the Mobile Roadmap

Potential 5G Services Bandwidth & Latency Requirements

Source: GMSA, Heavy Reading

Consumer and Home Automation

https://nest.com/thermostat/life-with-nest-thermostat/

Wearables

Source: Deloitte Tech Trends 2014

Source: Beecham Research

http://mimobaby.com/

Add Pacif-i

Bluetooth

Smart Pacifier

for Temperature

Mimo Smart Baby Monitor

http://bluemaestro.com/pacifi-smart-pacifier/

“You can lie to me, you can lie to your trainer,

you can even lie to yourself, but you can’t lie to your Fitbit.”

Healthcare and Life Sciences

Source: The Atlantic Council & Intel Security

Atomo Diagnostics is a medical technology company bringing next generation rapid diagnostic solutions to market and radically changing the way that we diagnose disease. AtomoRapid has launched in Africa and the UK, and USA market entry is underway. The AtomoRapid blood testing platform can accommodate test strips for a wide variety of conditions from celiac disease, allergy through to infectious diseases such as malaria and HIV. Also offering AtomoRapid to leading diagnostic companies interested in converting their rapid tests onto this revolutionary rapid test platform.

http://atomodiagnostics.com/

AtomoRapid Blood Testing Platform

Source: IEEE Spectrum 11/14

Perspiration Biosensor Patches

A successful Kickstarter project with over $2.76 million in funding,

the SCiO pocket molecular sensor lets users scan and obtain

information about the chemical makeup of materials and physical

objects. Once an item is scanned, the chemical makeup is

compared against items in a cloud-based database, and the

information about the item is sent back to a smartphone. The device

is capable of scanning food (for nutritional information), medicines,

plants (for health purposes), oils, plastics, wood and more. The

device works by shining a light on an object and using a

spectrometer to analyze the properties of the light reflected back.

Source: Network World

SCiO Pocket Molecular Sensor

https://www.consumerphysics.com/myscio/

Medtronic Micra Pacemaker

http://newsroom.medtronic.com/phoenix.zhtml

?c=251324&p=irol-newsarticle&id=1883208 Ron Wilson

World's Smallest,

Minimally Invasive

Cardiac Pacemaker

Delivered directly

into the heart

through a catheter

inserted in the

femoral vein

at AZBio

http://www.qualcommtricorderxprize.org/

DMI Tricorder Project

MESI Modular

Tricorder Concept

Cloud DX Bio

Continua Health Alliance Enables the

Personal Health Information Network (PHIN)

Source: Continua Health Alliance (http://www.continuaalliance.org/)

Retail and Logistics

Beacon Enabled Local Retail Offer Service

Source: GSA

Swirl iBeacon Platform and Ecosystem

http://www.swirl.com/

Industrial

Source: Intel

Source: LNS Research

Source: LNS Research

Smart Buildings

Enterprise Internet of Things (EIoT)

Source: Cisco

Smart Cities and Environments

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/09/04/cities-of-the-future-what-do-they-look-

like-how-do-we-build-them-and-whats-their-impact/

Cities of the Future: What Do They Look Like, How

Do We Build Them and What's Their Impact?

The Intel Intelligent Systems Framework provides a consistent framework for

connectivity, security, and manageability. Flexible developer ‘recipes’ use

scalable, off-the-shelf elements that in turn, shift resource investments from

interoperability to extracting value from data.

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/embedded/intelligent-systems.html

Source: Ayushi Agrawal/Apple 2015

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/big-data-analytics-internet-things-ayushi-agrawal

The Array of Things (AoT) is an NSF grant

funded urban sensing project to implement a

network of interactive, modular sensor boxes

that will be installed around Chicago to

collect real-time data on the city’s

environment, infrastructure, and activity for

research and public use. The nodes will

initially measure temperature, barometric

pressure, light, vibration, carbon monoxide,

nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone,

ambient sound intensity, pedestrian and

vehicle traffic, and surface temperature.

Continued research and development will

help create sensors to monitor other urban

factors of interest such as flooding and

standing water, precipitation, wind, and

pollutants. See: http://arrayofthings.github.io/

Transportation

Intelligent Transportation with IoT

Source: Intel

Intel In-Vehicle Solutions on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk2XNc7qyJ0

Connected Cars On Board Safety & Security Features

Source: Infineon Technologies AG

Intel’s Road to Autonomous Driving

Intel In-Vehicle Solutions on YouTube:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk2XNc7qyJ0

IoT Security and Privacy

Current technologies on the “privacy panic cycle”. (Adapted from Castro, D., & McQuinn, A.

(2015). The privacy panic cycle: a guide to public fears about new technologies.

Washington, D. C. Source: Information Technology & Innovation Foundation ITIF)

Privacy Panic Cycle

Source: PubNub

Internet of Things (IoT)

“Smart” devices incorporated into

the electric grid, vehicles including

autonomous vehicles, and

household appliances are improving

efficiency, energy conservation, and

convenience. However, security

industry analysts have demonstrated

that many of these new systems can

threaten data privacy, data integrity,

or continuity of services. In the

future, intelligence services might

use the IoT for identification,

surveillance, monitoring, location

tracking, and targeting for

recruitment, or to gain access to

networks or user credentials.

http://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/USODN

I/2016/02/09/file_attachments/496870/SASC%2B201

6%2BWWTA%2BSFR%2B-%2B9%2BFeb%2B16.pdf

IoT Standards and Organizations

http://openinterconnect.org/

http://www.upnp.org/

Universal Plug and Play Forum

IoT Groups Merge Efforts

OIC taps UPnP, eschewing rival AllSeen

The Open Interconnect Consortium will acquire assets of and combine its

technologies with those of the Universal Plug and Play Forum, a fifteen-year old

group focused on automating links between PCs and peripherals typically over

Wi-Fi. By adopting the UPnP’s widely used service discovery software and likely

many of its members, OIC will bolster its position as an applications-layer

software stack for the Internet of Things.

All sides agree the IoT is encumbered with too many competing and overlapping

platforms, networks, protocols and frameworks as the result of a land grab for

what is seen as the next big thing. With the deal, OIC gets an edge over its closest

rival, the AllSeen Alliance. However it’s not clear whether it gets the heft it will

need to stand out against the two giants in this space – Google’s Thread/Weave

and Apple’s HomeKit.

Currently, AllSeen has a lead in the market with more than 185 members and

shipping products using its specifications. OIC, which has about 100 members,

expects first products using its recently ratified spec to appear at CES in January.

Both OIC and AllSeen are hosted by the Linux Foundation.

Source: EE Times 11/23/15

http://www.w3.org/WoT/

http://www.w3.org/WoT/IG/

IoT Data Applications

and Business Models

https://www.abiresearch.com/pages/what-is-internet-everything/

Future X Network Enabling a New Digital Era

Source: Bell Labs Consulting

Source:

Gartner

Top 10

Strategic IT

Technology

Trends for

2016

Source: LNS Research

Internet of Things (IoT) Roadblocks Those making their first foray into connected products can improve the success of their IoT programs by

understanding the following hazards.

• Too many inputs and too much data – Having too much data is nearly as bad as not having enough.

It’s easy to get excited about the promise of new technology. But overdoing it on early programs can

result in data explosion that overwhelms IT systems as well as stakeholders.

• Too many alarms – Nothing guarantees organizational disengagement from a supposedly smart

system than many “false positive” errors. False alarms are the spam of the IIoT world. They drown out

the actual errors and condition stakeholders to ignore system feedback.

• Missed critical alarms – If false positives are frustrating, a false negative can be catastrophically

damaging depending upon the system. No notification or late notification of a potential safety concern

can cause product, personnel, environmental or secondary damage, and can bring the program into

question.

• Unclear guidance – Feedback must be actionable, correct, and timely to the multiple stakeholders

involved. Feedback that is unclear or requires time-consuming offline analysis substantially reduces

system value.

• Unprepared Organization – connected products often require “connected organizations”.

Organizations may need to work together in new and different ways to realize revenue and margin

projections.

• Customer Backlash – Even in cases where the customer clearly has the most to gain through a newly

connected product, there is a risk of customer backlash. Consumer privacy and security risks are

substantial concerns carrying the specter of legal action. Additionally, there is a risk of Government

charges. This US Federal Trade Commission Report provides a good overview of possible risks as

well as the FTC’s recommendations.

• Perceived cost versus benefit – Ideally, the success of an IIoT-enabled product would be easily

quantified. Cost for a connected product can be high, once infrastructure costs are considered. Costs

are often easier to measure than success, particularly if success is tied to lagging and less correlated

metrics such as customer satisfaction. Subjective comparison of cost versus success puts a program

at risk. Without positive proof of value and clearly defined and accepted targets, a single large adverse

event can undermine the program. Source: LNS Research

Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies

Source: Gartner 7/15

Source: Telecoms.com/BCN (GE and Pitney Bowes are partnering on industrial IoT)