www.gmaonline.org packaging & sustainable waste management meghan stasz senior director,...
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Packaging & Sustainable Waste Management
Meghan StaszSenior Director, Sustainability
Grocery Manufacturers Association
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Grocery Manufacturers Association
*Represents a sample of GMA’s Members
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Sustainable Waste Management
1. What is EPR?
2. Solid Waste and Recycling in the U.S.
3. Why EPR is not an effective solution
4. What Next?
2
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Solid Waste: What is EPR?
What is EPR?• Shifts responsibility for the end-of-life of products and/or packaging from the
municipality to the manufacturer.
How it works (generally)
• Regulators set recycling/recovery targets and put responsibility for collection/recycling onto producers
• Can be product-specific or more generic
• Companies can fulfill those obligations alone, or collectively through special purpose organizations
• Typically financed by manufacturers (i.e., built into price) or by point-of-sale fees to consumers
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Solid Waste: What is EPR?
Common Reasons for EPR
• Gives incentive to brand owners to reduce packaging and/or “design for the environment”
• Increases recycling rates
• Reduces environmental impact because more materials recycled
• Increases system efficiency
• More fair- industry and individuals pay for recycling rather than municipalities
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EPR Proponents in U.S.
Solid Waste: What is EPR?
AK
HI
CA
OR
WA
ID
MT
WY
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
ND
SD
NE
KS
OK
TX
MN
IA
MO
AR
LA
WI
IL
KY
MI
IN
OH
TN
MS AL
FL
GA
SC
NC
VA
WV
MD
DE
NJ
PA
NY
MENH
VT MA
RI
CT
EPR Legislation Introduced
As of 6/21/12
2012 EPR Legislation
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Sustainable Waste Management
1. What is EPR?
2. Solid Waste and Recycling in the U.S.
3. Why EPR is not an effective solution
4. What Next?
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Solid Waste in the U.S.
Organic Waste Largest Percentage of Landfills:
Glass6%
Metals11%
Plastics21%
Rubber & Leather5%Textiles
8%Wood10%
Organic Waste
35%
Other5%
2010 Landfill Composition
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Solid Waste in the U.S. U.S. Recycling Rates of Packaging
Source: US EPA 2010 MSW Report, 2009 data (last reporting year)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20090%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Packaging/Containers
Overall Recycling
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Solid Waste in the U.S. Landfilling is Decreasing
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20090
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Landfilled Waste (daily pounds per capita)
Landfilled Waste (tons)
Tons
Daily
Pou
nds p
er C
apita
Source: US EPA 2010 Municipal Solid Waste Report
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Solid Waste in the U.S. State Overall Recycling Rates
AK
HI
OR
WA
ID
MT
WY
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
ND
SD
NE
KS
OK
TX
MN
IA
MO
AR
LA
WI
IL
KY
MI
IN
OH
TN
MS AL
FL
GA
SC
NC
VA
WV
MD
DE
NJ
PA
NY
ME
NHVT
MA
RI
CT
<10%11%-20%20%-30%
CA
30%-40%>40%*Note: 2004 Data
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Bulg
aria
Rom
ania
Czec
h Re
publ
icLit
huan
iaM
alta
Slov
akia
Pola
ndCy
prus
Latv
iaHu
ngar
yGr
eece
Port
ugal
Luxe
mbo
urg
Fran
ceSp
ain
Slov
enia
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mEs
toni
aFi
nlan
dIre
land
Denm
ark
Italy
Swed
enAu
stria
Neth
erla
nds
Belg
ium
Germ
any
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Solid Waste in the U.S.U.S. vs. EU Recycling Rates
*Note: 2007 data
United States
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Sustainable Waste Management
1. What is EPR?
2. Solid Waste and Recycling in the U.S.
3. Why EPR is not an effective solution
4. What Next?
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Solid Waste: EPR is not an effective solution
SAIC Study, Summary of Findings:
• U.S. overall MSW recycling rate is equal to or better than Canada & Europe
• EPR does not cause changes in package design or selection.
• EPR has not decreased system cost. Increases government & administrative costs.
• People ultimately pay for end-of-life management through taxes and utilities
EPR is not an effective solution
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▪ ConAgra Foods was the first company in North America to incorporate post-consumer recycled plastic into frozen meal trays
▪ Unilever instituted packaging innovations to reduce environmental impact
▪ Clorox has focused on reducing paper usage at its facilities and using recycled content where available
AC
TIO
NIM
PA
CT
▪ Use an average of more than 15 percent postconsumer recycled plastic across our frozen foods brands
▪ Diverts eight million pounds of plastic from landfills annually
▪ Suave Body Wash bottles now use HDPE which is recycled at 26-29% in the U.S. instead of polypropylene which is recycled at only 9%
▪ Introduced a 100% recyclable cardboard box for Sun Green Power dishwasher detergent
▪ Clorox has reduced its paper use by 30 percent, with all remaining paper converted to 100 percent recycled content.
▪ Today, 90 percent of U.S. product cartons are made from 100 percent recycled content
SOURCE: GMA Membership Success Story Database, Unilever and Clorox websites
CPG Companies are increasing the amount of sustainable material in their packaging
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4 Billion Pound Packaging Weight Cumulative Avoidance (2005-2020)
19%Average weight
reduction for 2005-2020
-1.5
-4.0
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
2010 2020
Tota
l Wei
ght
Redu
ced
(bill
ion
poun
ds)
** Cumulative, McKinsey Study and GES study, representing 2005-2020
*McKinsey Study, representing 2005-2010
2005 Baseline
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Solid Waste: EPR is not an effective solution
Additional Questions:
• What happens to existing assets? (MRFs, trucks, employees)
• Anti-trust issues?
• Efficiency: cost per increased percentage point?
• How does this fit with existing recovery programs and policies?
• Overall environmental impact?
EPR is not an effective solution
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What Next?
Holistic, efficient solution needed
GMA’s 5 Part Plan- “What We’re For”
1. Continue our Commitment to Reduce Waste
2. Address Food Waste
3. Increase Recovery and Recycling
4. Evaluate Options for Managing Waste
5. Coordinate Efforts
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L.A. switched to automated single stream collection, the city’s participation rate more than doubled
Only 44% of the United States population has single-stream recycling service, which is significantly easier for consumers
SOURCE: EPA website, wasteage.com
Program Impact
Communities typically report reductions in waste of 25 to 35 percent, including significant increases in recycling
Pay-as-you-throw programs charge for the collection of municipal solid waste based on the volume thrown away
Many Communities Have Increased Recycling Rates
What Next?Solution 3: Increase Recovery and Recycling
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What Next?Solution 3: Increase Recovery and Recycling
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U.S. has One-Fifth Excess Capacity
Recycling of total MSW
Source: McKinsey & Company analysis
Current R
ecyclin
g Rate
Potential
recycl
ing rate
if infra
structu
re is f
ully utilize
d
Potential
recycl
ing rate
if low-te
ch in
frastr
ucture
is upgra
ded0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
What Next?Solution 4: Evaluate Options for Waste
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U.S.EU
Germany
Netherlands
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%Waste to Energy Recovery Rates (2007)
Source: US EPA 2010 Municipal Solid Waste Report
What Next?Solution 4: Evaluate Options for Waste
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What Next?
GMA’s 5 Part Plan- “What We’re For”
1. Continue our Commitment to Reduce Waste
2. Address Food Waste
3. Increase Recovery and Recycling
4. Evaluate Options for Managing Waste
5. Coordinate Efforts
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Food for Thought
• What is the problem we’re trying to solve?
• Is a trash tax the most efficient way to address these challenges?
• Are there other solutions that are less costly?
• Are there more sustainable approaches that are both voluntary and more effective?
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Sustainable Waste Management
Questions?
Meghan Stasz
Senior Director, Sustainability
202-639-5935