www.choa.ab.ca canadian heavy oil association eugene dembicki director, canadian heavy oil...
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www.choa.ab.ca
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Eugene DembickiDirector, Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Manager, Suncor Energy Inc.
An Overview of Alberta Oil Sandsand Recovery Technologies
XVIII Latin American Petroleum ShowMaracaibo, Venezuela
June 11-14, 2007
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Introduction
Oil Resources• Global• Canadian
Heavy Oil Properties Geology of the Athabasca Oil Sands Deposit
• McMurray Formation - largest oil resource in Canada Recovery Methods
• Surface Mining Truck & Shovel
• In-situ CHOP (Cold Heavy Oil Production) CHOPS (Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand) CSS (Cyclic Steam Stimulation) SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) VAPEX (Vapor Extraction) THAI (Toe-to-Heel Air Injection)
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Resources
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Saudi Arabia
IraqIran
Kuwait Abu Dhabi
VenezuelaRussia
Libya NigeriaUSA
Canada
Resources
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Production
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Production
60% production from mining (121,000 m3/day; 760,000 bpd)
40% production from in-situ (78,500 m3/day; 490,000 bpd)
Source: AEUB
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Production
Source: AEUB
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Athabasca Oil Sands
Thick, sticky mixture of sand, water, and bitumen
About 7 degrees API
Immobile at reservoir conditions (8-9 deg. C)
Unconsolidated – very porous & permeable
Exploited by mining & in-situ techniques Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Heavy Oil Properties
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Bitumen Viscosity – heat or diluent will reduce viscosity
90°C
10°C
Heavy Oil Properties
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Location
Oil sands production now exceeds one million barrels per day.
Forecast 4.5 million bpd by 2015
$45 billion spent from 1996-2005.
$60 billion in new oil sands projects expected between 2006 & 2010.
Exploited by mining & in-situ techniques
Heavy Oil Properties
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Alberta Bitumen Volumes in billion m3 (AEUB, June 2004)
Category Mineable In Situ Total
Initial volume in place 18.0 240.9 258.90
Initial established 5.59 22.80 28.39
Initial established under development
1.74 0.65 2.39
Cumulative production 0.46 0.21 0.67
Remaining established 5.13 22.60 27.73
Remaining established under development
1.28 0.44 1.72
Heavy Oil Properties
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Challenge
Bitumen Synthetic Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Properties
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Geology
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Athabasca Oil SandsMcMurray Formation - Athabasca River
Geology
Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Athabasca Oil SandsMcMurray Formation - Shale Plug
Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Next Slide
Geology
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Rich Oil Sand
Channel Margin (Interbedded/Mixed Oil Sand)
Shale Plug (Non-Reservoir)
Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Athabasca Oil SandsMcMurray Formation - Shale Plug
Geology
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McMurray Fm. – Depositional Model
Overbank: Non-reservoir
Pond Mud
Crevasse Splay
Geology
Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Bank Collapse - breccia
Channel – Oil Sand
McMurray Fm. – Depositional Model
Geology
Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Tidal Flat – Non reservoir
McMurray Fm. – Depositional Model
Geology
Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Marine mud - Non reservoir
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Athabasca Oil Sands DepositMcMurray Formation
Surface Mining
Source: AEUB
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Surface Mining
10% of the Athabasca Deposit is mineable
18 billion m3 in place
0.46 billion m3 produced
3 mines in operation
• Syncrude, Suncor, Shell
• 121,000 m3/day
• 760,000 bpd
Photo courtesy of Nexen Inc.
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Athabasca Oil Sands DepositMcMurray Formation
Surface Mining
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Surface Mining
Truck & Shovel400 ton truck = 100 barrels of bitumen
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Oil Sands Truck & Operator
Surface Mining
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Company Project Size (bpd) On Production
Albian/Shell Muskeg/Jackpine 160,000 nowSuncor Base Plant 260,000 nowSyncrude Base Plant 300,000 nowCNRL Horizon 110,000 2008Imperial Kearl Like 100,000 2010PetroCan Fort Hills 50,000 2011
Surface Mining
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
In-Situ Recovery Methods
Cold HO Production (CHOP)
• Primary
Conventional
Horwells & Multilaterals
• Waterfloods
High WOR Operations
Conventional
Horwells & Multilaterals
• Solvent Flooding
CHOPS
• Primary with Sand Production
• Infill drilling for by-passed oil
• Post CHOPS EOR
Cyclical Steam Stimulation
• Conventional CSS
• CSS with non-conventional wells (Multi-laterals & U)
• CSS with solvent
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)
• Immobile Bitumen
• Excellent pay zones
Solvent AGD (VAPEX – Nsolv)
In-situ Combustion
• Conventional (Shut-down)
• Toe to Heel Air Injection (THAI) Pilot
In-Situ
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Cold Heavy Oil Production (CHOP)
Rod Pumps & Sand Control Technology
• Slow rod fall rates
• Long stoke units
• Low pump rates
•Gas locking problems
•Problems with sand
• Wear of pump
• Stuck pumps
• Stuck tubing
• Fill in casing
•Low rates; rapid declines; & high water-cuts
In-Situ
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Canada
U.S.A.
Calgary
Edmonton
PEACERIVER
COLD LAKE
ATHABASCA
LLOYDMINSTER
100 mile
125 km
WABASCA
ALBERTA
In-Situ
Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS)
Typical Cold Production History
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
• High Permeability Channels Developed – “wormholes” much greater reservoir contact
• Large Local Drawdown at End of Channels high pressure gradients which moves the sand 5-20% sand production
• Substantial Increase in Oil rates (10X)• Successful Commercial Process
Depth ~400-600 m
Thickness 2-7 m
In-Situ
Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS)
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
• Tech. transfer from mining & food processing in ‘80’s
• Rotate rods to drive downhole pump.
• Molded rubber stator & spiral stainless steel rotor.
• Capable of pumping a slurry & handling sand.
• Wells that produced sand had better oil rates & recoveries.
In-Situ
Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS)Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) or Screw
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Canada
U.S.A.
Calgary
Edmonton
PEACERIVER
COLD LAKE
ATHABASCA
LLOYDMINSTER
100 mile
125 km
WABASCA
ALBERTA
In-Situ
Cold Lake Oil Sands DepositClearwater Formation (CSS, SAGD)
Source: AEUB
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
CSS –Well established & most universally applicable EOR process
• California
• Venezuela
• Indonesia
• China
• Canada
Inject: 14 – 60 days
Soak: 1- 7 days
Prod: 90 – 180 days
Requires some oil mobility (20,000 to 500,000 cp)
In-Situ
Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS)
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Canada
U.S.A.
Calgary
Edmonton
PEACERIVER
COLD LAKE
ATHABASCA
LLOYDMINSTER
100 mile
125 km
WABASCA
ALBERTA Imperial Oil Cold Lake Project Production
In-Situ
Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS)
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Canada
U.S.A.
Calgary
Edmonton
PEACERIVER
COLD LAKE
ATHABASCA
LLOYDMINSTER
100 mile
125 km
WABASCA
ALBERTA
In-Situ
Peace River Oil Sands DepositBluesky Formation (CSS, SAGD, CHOP)
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Canada
U.S.A.
Calgary
Edmonton
PEACERIVER
COLD LAKE
ATHABASCA
LLOYDMINSTER
100 mile
125 km
WABASCA
ALBERTA
In-Situ
Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS)
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
AOSTRA Dover UTF Project
In-Situ
Canada
U.S.A.
Calgary
Edmonton
PEACERIVER
COLD LAKE
ATHABASCA
LLOYDMINSTER
100 mile
125 km
WABASCA
ALBERTA
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)
1st SAGD Wells in Canada (1997)
• 3 well pairs – 60 m
Drill horizontal wells into the oil from tunnels in the limestone below the oil sand
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
In-Situ
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)
Horizontal length: 750 – 1200 m
Vertical separation: 5 – 6 m
TVD: 90 – 400 m
Rate: 100 – 400 m3/day (700 – 2500 bpd)
Steam Oil Ratio: 2 – 4
Current Production: 20,000 m3/day (125,000 bpd)
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
In-Situ
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)Example of SAGD Pads
Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
In-Situ
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)SAGD Well Pad
Photo courtesy of Suncor Energy Inc.
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Photo Courtesy of Nexen from Long Lake
In-Situ
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)SAGD Well Pad – Slant Wellheads
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Company Project Size (mbopd) On Production
ConocoPhillips Surmont 100 2006-2012Total Joslyn 45 2010Devon Jackfish 35 2008Encana Christina Lake 18 2008Encana Foster Creek 40 - 60 nowHusky Sunrise 50 - 200 2008 - Husky Tucker Lake 30 2006JACOS Hangingstone 10 nowMEG Energy Christina Lake 25 2008North American Kai Kos Dehseh 10 2008 Petro Canada MacKay River 30 - 74 now - 2010OPTI/Nexen Long Lake 72 2007Suncor Firebag I &2 70 now
In-Situ
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)Alberta Projects
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
In-Situ
Vapor Extraction Process (VAPEX)
• Large scale lab & field pilots are under-way.
• Results are generally classified as confidential
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
• 3 well pilot
• started mid-2006
• > 160 m3/day
• >1000 bpd
In-Situ
Toe to Heel Air Injection (THAI)Petrobank Whitesands Project
Photo Courtesy of Petrobank
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
GradeAPI
GravityViscosity
(CP)Production
MethodRecoveryPercent
1) Transportation
A 18 – 25 10 – 1004) Cold
Production 5 – 10 Flows
B2)
7 – 20 100 – 104
Cold Production 3 – 8
Diluent may be needed
C 7 – 12 > 104
(1) CSS Huff / Puff 15 – 20 Diluent
(2) SAGD 40 – 80 Diluent
D < 4 > 104 Mining3)
80 – 90 N/A
1) Lower gravity equates to higher cost of diluent. Cost of this step can be up to $4/bbl.2) The lower gravity range is cold producible only when thermal gradients are high, as in the Orinoco.3) Recoveries are high but only about 10% of the reserves are accessible to normal mining.4) In rare instances steam sweeps are used simply to increase recoveries to the 60% level.
Bitumen Recovery Summary
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Supply Costs
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
ConclusionConclusion
Alberta Heavy Oil IndustryAlberta Heavy Oil Industry• Large Resource
• Production is Increasing
• Mining
• In-situ (CSS & SAGD)
• Modern Technology & Research
• Service & Suppliers
• www.eub.ca/docs/products/STs/st98_2007.pdf
• www.choa.ab.ca
Canadian Heavy Oil Association
Gracias!Gracias!
Questions?Questions?