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saskheavy.ca

Q1 2014

The Economics of Heavy Construction in Saskatchewan

PLUS:2014 WCR&HCA CONVENTION SECTION

Is the Canadian economy missing out on billions of dollars of revenue ev-ery year?

According to a 2013 Canadian Chamber of Commerce report titled $50 Million a Day, a lack of infrastructure is keeping Canada from maximizing our potential benefits in energy markets.

“Right now, it costs us millions every day,” reads the report. “In the future – as U.S. demand declines – it’s going to really hurt.”

The report lists six “cold hard facts about Canadian oil and gas.” With the help of Katrina Marsh, director of the chamber’s environmental and natural resource pol-icy and co-author of the report, and Bill Ferreira, director of government rela-tions and public affairs for the Canadian Construction Association, we’re breaking them down.

1. Oil and gas power the Canadian economyWestern Canadians might get it, but it’s easy for the rest of the country to dismiss the enormous impact the oil and gas sector has on the economy as a whole.

According to the report, oil and gas accounted for about seven per cent of

Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP) and 550,000 direct and indirect jobs in 2012. Further, it comprises a fifth of Canada’s ex-ports and generates significant royalties and taxes that contribute to government revenues.

2. Canada’s only international en-ergy market, the U.S., is on a path of declining importsHistorically, the U.S. has been the des-tination for virtually all of Canada’s oil exports. But the U.S. has dramatically in-creased its production of oil and gas and is expected to be energy self-sufficient by 2035.

“It’s in our best interest to establish Canada quickly as a supplier of choice to seize opportunities that currently exist and establish long-term partnerships with ma-ny of the economies that need energy,” says Ferreira.

“There are significant shale gas depos-its in China and bitumen in Russia and Venezuela, for example. If we aren’t able to supply global demand, those countries will invest in developing their own tech-nologies to meet domestic and export demands.”

3. New opportunities lie in Asia, but Canada lacks the infrastruc-ture to get there Exporting to foreign markets like Asia is a non-starter when you consider that the pipeline, rail and liquefied natural gas processing infrastructure does not exist to get Canada’s oil and gas products to market.

“We have only one oil pipeline – Kinder Morgan’s Trans Mountain line – capable of bringing oil to the west coast. Our energy resources are essentially landlocked,” reads the $50 Million a Day report.

4. Canada loses billions each year from its lack of energy transport infrastructureIt hurts to think of unrealized government royalties and revenues that could help all Canadians, particularly with a strong heavy construction industry in virtually every province. And every moment counts.

“Creating infrastructure for natural gas is very time sensitive. The liquefied natural gas markets tend to be settled in long-term contracts and there are many competitors for growing Asian markets, which means that if Canada doesn’t move before other

Failing to ThriveReport outlines the $50-million-a-day cost of not investing in infrastructure for the energy sectorBy Heather Hudson

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48 Think BIG | Quarter 1 2014 | saskheavy.ca

countries do, we may lose out on a signifi-cant opportunity,” says Marsh.

“We’ll still be able to sell oil to Asia in 10 years’ time, but [by failing to develop the infrastructure needed to access new mar-kets], we’re certainly not maximizing the value of our resource.”

Indeed, pipeline bottlenecks caused by growing production of crude oil in the U.S. increasingly results in a heavy discount for Canadian oil products, even when differ-ences in quality are taken into account. In early 2013, this discount costs Canadian oil producers as much as $50 million a day in lost revenues, which inspired the name of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce report. Although this discount fluctu-ates with oil prices, losses of this magni-tude could become increasingly common if new transport infrastructure is not built to help Canadian producers access new markets.

5. Energy can be, and is, trans-ported safelyThere’s no question that transporting ener-gy can be a dangerous and environmentally dicey operation. But, by and large, Canada has regulations and best practices that

make environmental disasters few and far between.

“The environmental issue is a regulato-ry one. Almost anyone who looks at it ob-jectively would argue that the regime in Canada is far more stringent than else-where in the world,” says Ferreira.

6. The world is not running out of oil. Today’s energy companies must be the catalysts to move to a lower carbon energy future.The development of natural resources, in-cluding oil and gas, does indeed have an im-pact on the air, water and earth. However, Marsh and her colleagues at the Canadian Chamber of Commerce point out that oil sands production accounted for only 0.16 per cent of global emissions in 2010, a small fraction of what was attributed to the emis-sions of the U.S. coal-fired generation sec-tor, for example.

Ferreira concurs. “Are there some concerns? Absolutely,

but Canadians are placing demands on government to be sure resources are devel-oped in the most environmentally friend-ly way possible. That’s not the case in other parts of the world,” he says. “If we’re not

investing [in infrastructure] because of fear, the gap will be filled by other countries and, in many cases, ones with less stringent reg-ulations than here in Canada.”

What role does the heavy construction industry play? Whether you agree with all of the nuances of the $50 Million a Day re-port or not, it’s undeniable that the heavy construction industry has a vested interest in improving infrastructure in this coun-try. And construction associations across Canada have been doing all the right things to address it, says Ferreira.

“Our membership has been very con-cerned about the declining level of invest-ment in infrastructure. Much of the core infrastructure that supports our economy was built in the 1950s and ’60s and is ap-proaching the end of its useful service life,” he explains.

“SHCA, for example, has been bringing attention to its provincial government in terms of export capacity. In the last bud-get, the federal government committed to $50 billion for a 10-year infrastructure plan. Now that the money is in place, we hope that the provinces will have the stabil-ity they need to develop their own capital plans over a similar period of time so they

“It’s in our best interest to establish Canada quickly as a supplier of choice to seize opportunities that currently exist and establish long-term partnerships with many of the economies that need energy.”– Bill Ferreira, Director of Government Relations and

Public Affairs, Canadian Construction Association

FEATURE

BILL FERREIRA

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saskheavy.ca | Quarter 1 2014 | Think BIG 49

www.visualcapitalist.com

If Canada does not export oil and gas, the world will not stop using hydrocarbons; Canada will simply miss out on a rare opportunity.

Oil and gas will still account for 51% of energy demand in 2035, down just 3% since 2010.

(Source: International Energy Agency)

Canada can no longer rely on the U.S. as the destination for virtually all its oil exports.

The fastest growing markets for oil and gas now lie in non-OECD nations.Canada should be well positioned to respond to these opportunities,

Asia will see its energy imports increase dramatically in the future.

Getting Canadian oil and gas to Asia would mean billions in additional investment

What is the safety record of oil and gas transport in Canada?

The speed with which the people of Canada can react to these realities will determine Canada’s ability to compete as a nation in the 21st century.

Canada needs to build the infrastructure toconnect supply with demand in the international market.

As a country, Canada has the skills and technology to develop its energy resources, yet we have no export capability beyond the U.S.

Canadians must come to grips with three facts:

Tomorrow’s growth in energy consumption lies largely in Asia; there are plentiful global supplies of oil and gas to satisfy this demand

The lack of access to global markets cost Canadians millions every day

With the right technologies and policies, Canada can find a way to produce natural resources while protecting the environment

The solution is obvious:

The transition to a low carbon economy will be led by changing energy consumption, and byadvancing environmentalinnovation in our energy production.

Fact:

Over the next 25 years, anticipated investment of$386 billion in Canada’s natural gas sector will provide:

additional jobs per year

131,000

in additional GDP$364b

in taxes per year$3.1b

Canada currently lacks the infrastructure to get energy to tidewater and overseas.

Current U.S. exports: Petroleum

US Petroleum Imports

US Natural Gas Imports

Natural Gas

of Canada’s exports

The world will rely on oil and gas for the foreseeable future.

The U.S. is predicted to drastically reduce its oil and gas imports over the next 25 years

HOWEVER

Canada’s Oil and Gas Sector

20%of Canada’s GDP growth

2010/11

Estimated number of people employed(direct and indirect)

20%of Canada’s GDP

7%

THE PROBLEM

THE ASIA OPPORTUNITY

98% 100%98% 100%

-22010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

-10123

Trill

ion

cubi

c fe

et

02010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

246810

Mill

ions

bar

rels

/ d

ay

300

2000 ‘40‘30‘10 ‘20

600900120015001800

Mill

ion

tons

of o

il Eq

uiv.

52010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

1015202530

Mill

ions

bar

rels

/ d

ay

Canadians are struggling to reconcile two visions of their country

The perception that Canadian energy resources are uniquely damaging to the global climate is false.

Pristine wilderness and natural beauty

Oil Sands production represented only 0.16% of global emissions - a fraction of those produced by U.S. coal plants.

A globally important producer of natural resources.

of oil were transported by pipeline between 2002-2011 with a success rate of 99.999%

SUPPLY

1

DEMAND

2

3

PERCEPTION VS REALITY

Canadian oil sandsCanadian coal-fired power plantsU.S. coal-fired power plants

100 million tonnes

Green House Gas Emissions

50 million tonnes15 million tonnes

Canadian oil tankers recorded zero spills in the 2000s

Canadian railways are experienced in trans-porting dangerous goods.

TIME CARD

Asian Petroleum Imports

Asian NaturalGas Consumption

Enough to cover health care spending in Newfoundland

Almost as much as the entiremachinery manufacturing sector

The lack of access to global markets often forces Canadian oil producers to accept lower prices. This has cost Canadian producers as much as $50 million a day in lost revenues.

$50 million could pay for the Saint-Laurent Sports Complex in Montreal

A year’s worth of medical, laboratory and drug supplies for the Hospital for Sick Children

3/4th of the costs of the tidal energy project in the Bay of Fundy

WHAT $50 MILLION A DAY REALLY MEANS TO CANADIANS:

CANADIAN OIL AND GASCANADIAN OIL AND GAS

($43 million)

($86 million)

($72 million - 2013)

(Conference Board of Canada)

1.5 trillion litres

Fact:About 70-80% of emissions contained in a barrel of oil are created when gasoline or diesel is burned, not when crude oil is produced.

LACK OF MARKET ACCESS HAS COST CANADA AS MUCH AS $50 MILLION A DAY

THE U.S. NEEDS LESS. ASIA NEEDS MORE.THE U.S. NEEDS LESS. ASIA NEEDS MORE.

An Albertan demonstration plant is being devel-oped to use algae to transform carbon emissions from oil sands facilities into products like biofuels

Shell diverts municipal sewage, treats it and uses it in natural gas production instead of water from river and lakes.

With the right technology and government policy, these visions can co-exist.

can give the industry some measure of assurance that money will be there for infrastructure, which then allows policy-makers to begin investing those resources where it makes the most sense.”

In terms of preparing the public for some potentially big proj-ects, Marsh points out that “social licence” is a powerful tool.

“Public consent and approval of a project has become anoth-er licence that firms need to get. It’s not just about getting a gov-ernment permit, it’s about getting community buy-in,” she notes.

In the oil sands sector, a number of companies started Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA), which shares

environmentally-friendly intellectual property for the better-ment of the industry as a whole. Initiatives like this will help re-duce the sector’s impact on the environment by making it easier to develop and apply environmental technologies.

“It’s part of our national identity to love nature and want to protect our natural resources. But it’s important that industry demonstrates that it’s not about one or the other. Natural re-source firms understand that that’s how they gain social licence: by doing a better job stewarding Canada’s environment,” says Marsh.

50 Think BIG | Quarter 1 2014 | saskheavy.ca

FEATURE

www.visualcapitalist.com

If Canada does not export oil and gas, the world will not stop using hydrocarbons; Canada will simply miss out on a rare opportunity.

Oil and gas will still account for 51% of energy demand in 2035, down just 3% since 2010.

(Source: International Energy Agency)

Canada can no longer rely on the U.S. as the destination for virtually all its oil exports.

The fastest growing markets for oil and gas now lie in non-OECD nations.Canada should be well positioned to respond to these opportunities,

Asia will see its energy imports increase dramatically in the future.

Getting Canadian oil and gas to Asia would mean billions in additional investment

What is the safety record of oil and gas transport in Canada?

The speed with which the people of Canada can react to these realities will determine Canada’s ability to compete as a nation in the 21st century.

Canada needs to build the infrastructure toconnect supply with demand in the international market.

As a country, Canada has the skills and technology to develop its energy resources, yet we have no export capability beyond the U.S.

Canadians must come to grips with three facts:

Tomorrow’s growth in energy consumption lies largely in Asia; there are plentiful global supplies of oil and gas to satisfy this demand

The lack of access to global markets cost Canadians millions every day

With the right technologies and policies, Canada can find a way to produce natural resources while protecting the environment

The solution is obvious:

The transition to a low carbon economy will be led by changing energy consumption, and byadvancing environmentalinnovation in our energy production.

Fact:

Over the next 25 years, anticipated investment of$386 billion in Canada’s natural gas sector will provide:

additional jobs per year

131,000

in additional GDP$364b

in taxes per year$3.1b

Canada currently lacks the infrastructure to get energy to tidewater and overseas.

Current U.S. exports: Petroleum

US Petroleum Imports

US Natural Gas Imports

Natural Gas

of Canada’s exports

The world will rely on oil and gas for the foreseeable future.

The U.S. is predicted to drastically reduce its oil and gas imports over the next 25 years

HOWEVER

Canada’s Oil and Gas Sector

20%of Canada’s GDP growth

2010/11

Estimated number of people employed(direct and indirect)

20%of Canada’s GDP

7%

THE PROBLEM

THE ASIA OPPORTUNITY

98% 100%98% 100%

-22010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

-10123

Trill

ion

cubi

c fe

et

02010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

246810

Mill

ions

bar

rels

/ d

ay

300

2000 ‘40‘30‘10 ‘20

600900120015001800

Mill

ion

tons

of o

il Eq

uiv.

52010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

1015202530

Mill

ions

bar

rels

/ d

ay

Canadians are struggling to reconcile two visions of their country

The perception that Canadian energy resources are uniquely damaging to the global climate is false.

Pristine wilderness and natural beauty

Oil Sands production represented only 0.16% of global emissions - a fraction of those produced by U.S. coal plants.

A globally important producer of natural resources.

of oil were transported by pipeline between 2002-2011 with a success rate of 99.999%

SUPPLY

1

DEMAND

2

3

PERCEPTION VS REALITY

Canadian oil sandsCanadian coal-fired power plantsU.S. coal-fired power plants

100 million tonnes

Green House Gas Emissions

50 million tonnes15 million tonnes

Canadian oil tankers recorded zero spills in the 2000s

Canadian railways are experienced in trans-porting dangerous goods.

TIME CARD

Asian Petroleum Imports

Asian NaturalGas Consumption

Enough to cover health care spending in Newfoundland

Almost as much as the entiremachinery manufacturing sector

The lack of access to global markets often forces Canadian oil producers to accept lower prices. This has cost Canadian producers as much as $50 million a day in lost revenues.

$50 million could pay for the Saint-Laurent Sports Complex in Montreal

A year’s worth of medical, laboratory and drug supplies for the Hospital for Sick Children

3/4th of the costs of the tidal energy project in the Bay of Fundy

WHAT $50 MILLION A DAY REALLY MEANS TO CANADIANS:

CANADIAN OIL AND GASCANADIAN OIL AND GAS

($43 million)

($86 million)

($72 million - 2013)

(Conference Board of Canada)

1.5 trillion litres

Fact:About 70-80% of emissions contained in a barrel of oil are created when gasoline or diesel is burned, not when crude oil is produced.

LACK OF MARKET ACCESS HAS COST CANADA AS MUCH AS $50 MILLION A DAY

THE U.S. NEEDS LESS. ASIA NEEDS MORE.THE U.S. NEEDS LESS. ASIA NEEDS MORE.

An Albertan demonstration plant is being devel-oped to use algae to transform carbon emissions from oil sands facilities into products like biofuels

Shell diverts municipal sewage, treats it and uses it in natural gas production instead of water from river and lakes.

With the right technology and government policy, these visions can co-exist.

TOM

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WYS

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IRSK

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“We’ll still be able to sell oil to Asia in 10 years’ time, but [by failing to develop the infrastructure needed to access new markets], we’re certainly not maximizing the value of our resource.”– Katrina Marsh, Director of Environmental and Natural

Resource Policy, Canadian Chamber of Commerce

www.visualcapitalist.com

If Canada does not export oil and gas, the world will not stop using hydrocarbons; Canada will simply miss out on a rare opportunity.

Oil and gas will still account for 51% of energy demand in 2035, down just 3% since 2010.

(Source: International Energy Agency)

Canada can no longer rely on the U.S. as the destination for virtually all its oil exports.

The fastest growing markets for oil and gas now lie in non-OECD nations.Canada should be well positioned to respond to these opportunities,

Asia will see its energy imports increase dramatically in the future.

Getting Canadian oil and gas to Asia would mean billions in additional investment

What is the safety record of oil and gas transport in Canada?

The speed with which the people of Canada can react to these realities will determine Canada’s ability to compete as a nation in the 21st century.

Canada needs to build the infrastructure toconnect supply with demand in the international market.

As a country, Canada has the skills and technology to develop its energy resources, yet we have no export capability beyond the U.S.

Canadians must come to grips with three facts:

Tomorrow’s growth in energy consumption lies largely in Asia; there are plentiful global supplies of oil and gas to satisfy this demand

The lack of access to global markets cost Canadians millions every day

With the right technologies and policies, Canada can find a way to produce natural resources while protecting the environment

The solution is obvious:

The transition to a low carbon economy will be led by changing energy consumption, and byadvancing environmentalinnovation in our energy production.

Fact:

Over the next 25 years, anticipated investment of$386 billion in Canada’s natural gas sector will provide:

additional jobs per year

131,000

in additional GDP$364b

in taxes per year$3.1b

Canada currently lacks the infrastructure to get energy to tidewater and overseas.

Current U.S. exports: Petroleum

US Petroleum Imports

US Natural Gas Imports

Natural Gas

of Canada’s exports

The world will rely on oil and gas for the foreseeable future.

The U.S. is predicted to drastically reduce its oil and gas imports over the next 25 years

HOWEVER

Canada’s Oil and Gas Sector

20%of Canada’s GDP growth

2010/11

Estimated number of people employed(direct and indirect)

20%of Canada’s GDP

7%

THE PROBLEM

THE ASIA OPPORTUNITY

98% 100%98% 100%

-22010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

-10123

Trill

ion

cubi

c fe

et

02010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

246810

Mill

ions

bar

rels

/ d

ay

300

2000 ‘40‘30‘10 ‘20

600900120015001800

Mill

ion

tons

of o

il Eq

uiv.

52010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

1015202530

Mill

ions

bar

rels

/ d

ay

Canadians are struggling to reconcile two visions of their country

The perception that Canadian energy resources are uniquely damaging to the global climate is false.

Pristine wilderness and natural beauty

Oil Sands production represented only 0.16% of global emissions - a fraction of those produced by U.S. coal plants.

A globally important producer of natural resources.

of oil were transported by pipeline between 2002-2011 with a success rate of 99.999%

SUPPLY

1

DEMAND

2

3

PERCEPTION VS REALITY

Canadian oil sandsCanadian coal-fired power plantsU.S. coal-fired power plants

100 million tonnes

Green House Gas Emissions

50 million tonnes15 million tonnes

Canadian oil tankers recorded zero spills in the 2000s

Canadian railways are experienced in trans-porting dangerous goods.

TIME CARD

Asian Petroleum Imports

Asian NaturalGas Consumption

Enough to cover health care spending in Newfoundland

Almost as much as the entiremachinery manufacturing sector

The lack of access to global markets often forces Canadian oil producers to accept lower prices. This has cost Canadian producers as much as $50 million a day in lost revenues.

$50 million could pay for the Saint-Laurent Sports Complex in Montreal

A year’s worth of medical, laboratory and drug supplies for the Hospital for Sick Children

3/4th of the costs of the tidal energy project in the Bay of Fundy

WHAT $50 MILLION A DAY REALLY MEANS TO CANADIANS:

CANADIAN OIL AND GASCANADIAN OIL AND GAS

($43 million)

($86 million)

($72 million - 2013)

(Conference Board of Canada)

1.5 trillion litres

Fact:About 70-80% of emissions contained in a barrel of oil are created when gasoline or diesel is burned, not when crude oil is produced.

LACK OF MARKET ACCESS HAS COST CANADA AS MUCH AS $50 MILLION A DAY

THE U.S. NEEDS LESS. ASIA NEEDS MORE.THE U.S. NEEDS LESS. ASIA NEEDS MORE.

An Albertan demonstration plant is being devel-oped to use algae to transform carbon emissions from oil sands facilities into products like biofuels

Shell diverts municipal sewage, treats it and uses it in natural gas production instead of water from river and lakes.

With the right technology and government policy, these visions can co-exist.

www.visualcapitalist.com

If Canada does not export oil and gas, the world will not stop using hydrocarbons; Canada will simply miss out on a rare opportunity.

Oil and gas will still account for 51% of energy demand in 2035, down just 3% since 2010.

(Source: International Energy Agency)

Canada can no longer rely on the U.S. as the destination for virtually all its oil exports.

The fastest growing markets for oil and gas now lie in non-OECD nations.Canada should be well positioned to respond to these opportunities,

Asia will see its energy imports increase dramatically in the future.

Getting Canadian oil and gas to Asia would mean billions in additional investment

What is the safety record of oil and gas transport in Canada?

The speed with which the people of Canada can react to these realities will determine Canada’s ability to compete as a nation in the 21st century.

Canada needs to build the infrastructure toconnect supply with demand in the international market.

As a country, Canada has the skills and technology to develop its energy resources, yet we have no export capability beyond the U.S.

Canadians must come to grips with three facts:

Tomorrow’s growth in energy consumption lies largely in Asia; there are plentiful global supplies of oil and gas to satisfy this demand

The lack of access to global markets cost Canadians millions every day

With the right technologies and policies, Canada can find a way to produce natural resources while protecting the environment

The solution is obvious:

The transition to a low carbon economy will be led by changing energy consumption, and byadvancing environmentalinnovation in our energy production.

Fact:

Over the next 25 years, anticipated investment of$386 billion in Canada’s natural gas sector will provide:

additional jobs per year

131,000

in additional GDP$364b

in taxes per year$3.1b

Canada currently lacks the infrastructure to get energy to tidewater and overseas.

Current U.S. exports: Petroleum

US Petroleum Imports

US Natural Gas Imports

Natural Gas

of Canada’s exports

The world will rely on oil and gas for the foreseeable future.

The U.S. is predicted to drastically reduce its oil and gas imports over the next 25 years

HOWEVER

Canada’s Oil and Gas Sector

20%of Canada’s GDP growth

2010/11

Estimated number of people employed(direct and indirect)

20%of Canada’s GDP

7%

THE PROBLEM

THE ASIA OPPORTUNITY

98% 100%98% 100%

-22010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

-10123

Trill

ion

cubi

c fe

et

02010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

246810

Mill

ions

bar

rels

/ d

ay

300

2000 ‘40‘30‘10 ‘20

600900120015001800

Mill

ion

tons

of o

il Eq

uiv.

52010 ‘40‘20 ‘30

1015202530

Mill

ions

bar

rels

/ d

ay

Canadians are struggling to reconcile two visions of their country

The perception that Canadian energy resources are uniquely damaging to the global climate is false.

Pristine wilderness and natural beauty

Oil Sands production represented only 0.16% of global emissions - a fraction of those produced by U.S. coal plants.

A globally important producer of natural resources.

of oil were transported by pipeline between 2002-2011 with a success rate of 99.999%

SUPPLY

1

DEMAND

2

3

PERCEPTION VS REALITY

Canadian oil sandsCanadian coal-fired power plantsU.S. coal-fired power plants

100 million tonnes

Green House Gas Emissions

50 million tonnes15 million tonnes

Canadian oil tankers recorded zero spills in the 2000s

Canadian railways are experienced in trans-porting dangerous goods.

TIME CARD

Asian Petroleum Imports

Asian NaturalGas Consumption

Enough to cover health care spending in Newfoundland

Almost as much as the entiremachinery manufacturing sector

The lack of access to global markets often forces Canadian oil producers to accept lower prices. This has cost Canadian producers as much as $50 million a day in lost revenues.

$50 million could pay for the Saint-Laurent Sports Complex in Montreal

A year’s worth of medical, laboratory and drug supplies for the Hospital for Sick Children

3/4th of the costs of the tidal energy project in the Bay of Fundy

WHAT $50 MILLION A DAY REALLY MEANS TO CANADIANS:

CANADIAN OIL AND GASCANADIAN OIL AND GAS

($43 million)

($86 million)

($72 million - 2013)

(Conference Board of Canada)

1.5 trillion litres

Fact:About 70-80% of emissions contained in a barrel of oil are created when gasoline or diesel is burned, not when crude oil is produced.

LACK OF MARKET ACCESS HAS COST CANADA AS MUCH AS $50 MILLION A DAY

THE U.S. NEEDS LESS. ASIA NEEDS MORE.THE U.S. NEEDS LESS. ASIA NEEDS MORE.

An Albertan demonstration plant is being devel-oped to use algae to transform carbon emissions from oil sands facilities into products like biofuels

Shell diverts municipal sewage, treats it and uses it in natural gas production instead of water from river and lakes.

With the right technology and government policy, these visions can co-exist.

saskheavy.ca | Quarter 1 2014 | Think BIG 51