wwf & aquaculture certification colin brannen, world wildlife fund association of scottish...
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WWF & Aquaculture Certification
Colin Brannen, World Wildlife Fund
Association of Scottish Shellfish Growers
October 22, 2009
WWF and Aquaculture
Focus on aquaculture began with shrimp
Studied impacts and realized they could be reduced
Evolved into multi-stakeholder development of performance-based, voluntary standards
An aquaculture eco-label should cover a suite of species
Standards to be created for 12 species
Tilapia
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
Salmon
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
Trout
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x th
ousa
nds)
Pangasius
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x th
ousa
nds)
Catfish
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
Aquaculture Capture
Source: FAO FishStat – Aquaculture Production: Quantities 1950-2005 and Capture Production: 1950-2005
Shrimp
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
Standards to be created for 12 species
Source: FAO FishStat – Aquaculture Production: Quantities 1950-2005 and Capture Production: 1950-2005
Oysters
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
Clams, Cockles & Arkshells
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
Mussels
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
Seaweed
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
Aquaculture Capture
Abalone
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x th
ousa
nds)
Scallops
Pro
duct
ion
(met
ric t
ons
x m
illio
ns)
WWF’s Experience with Certification Programs
Rainforest Marketing – 1980s
Forest Stewardship Council – 1990s
Marine Stewardship Council – 1990s
Marine Aquarium Council – 1990s
Protected Harvest – 2000
Climate Savers - 2000s
Aquaculture Stewardship Council – 2010
Aquaculture Dialogues
Science based
Performance based
Transparent and credible process
Truly multi-stakeholder
Bivalve Aquaculture Dialogue
Dialogue Meetings Washington, DC, August 2004
Regional US meetings Pacific Northwest , Gulf Coast , Atlantic Coast, Northeast
Nelson, New Zealand
Santiago De Compostela, Spain
Victoria, Canada
Brussels, Belgium (Global Steering Committee)
Qingdao, China
Over 350 participants from 13 countries
Wide ranging representation – NGOs, producers, scientists, researchers, retail, and industry groups
Welcome Input From All Stakeholders
Global Steering Committee
Bill Dewey: Taylor Shellfish
Peter Cranford: Bedford Institute of Oceanography /DFO Canada
Bob Rheault: East Coast Shellfish Growers Association
Mike Mandeno: Aquaculture New Zealand
Ken Grange: National Institute of Water and Atmosphere (New Zealand)
Francene Wineti: Te Ohu Kai Moana
Aad Smaal: Wageningen University
Paddy Walker: The Wadden Sea Society
Tom Pickerell and David Jarrad: Shellfish Association of Great Britain
Antonio Hervas: IFQC
Corey Peet: The David Suzuki Foundation
Sandy Shumway: University of Connecticut
Colin Brannen: WWF
Need ‘shared language’ to reach agreement
Definition Non-aquaculture example
Aquaculture example
Impact The problem we want to minimize
Overweight Waste in effluents
Principle The guiding principle for addressing the impact
Maintain a healthy weight
Conserve water resources
Criteria The area to focus on to address the impact
Food consumption Nutrient use and release
Indicator What to measure in order to determine the extent of the impact
Calories The amount of phosphorus added and released per metric ton of fish produced
Standard The number and/or performance level to reach to determine if the impact is being minimized
< 4.5 calories/kilogram of body weight/day
Phosphorus input or utilization in tilapia aquaculture operations will not exceed 30 kg P /mt fish produced and loads of phosphorus released into natural receiving waters will not exceed 22 kg P/mt fish produced
10
Piranha Aquaculture Dialogue
Principle 3 : Protect worker health and safety
Criteria
Accidents on the farm
Indicator
The number of lost fingers per month
Standard
No more than 2 lost fingers per month
Method Classification Decision Condition
Seabed video/ imaging and surficial sediment sulfide (S) concentration at farm sampling sites vs. reference sites
Non-depositional, coarse sediment (sand, cobble) orS ≤1500 µM)
Acceptable Monitor every 5 years
Depositional, fine sediment and
A) S >1500 and ≤ 3000 µM
Acceptable Monitor every year
B) S > 3000 µM Unacceptable Management response (e.g. site fallowing) necessary before farm is eligible for certification
Benthic Assessment
Looking Forward
Bivalve Aquaculture Dialogue Draft Standards- open for public consultation until November 30th
December 9-11th GSC meeting in Sydney, Australia to address public comments and amend the draft standards
Second public comment period January-February 2010
Bivalve Aquaculture Dialogue Standards finalized in early 2010 and incorporated into ASC
MSC and enhanced fisheries
Capture-based Aquaculture – known as ‘Catch and grow’ fisheries. For example, in mussel fishing where the fishers catch small, young mussels and grow them on ropes. The important factor that separates this from pure aquaculture is that the fish start out being caught from the wild. Some catch-and-grow fisheries fall within the scope of the MSC standard.
Culture-based fisheries – also known as ‘Hatch and catch’ fisheries.
Habitat modification: for example, providing ropes for mussels to grow on.
Dialogue Definition of Aquaculture
The active husbandry of bivalve shellfish from seed to harvest within a defined area and with defined ownership of the shellfish being cultured.
MSC vs. ASC certification
Scope (farm vs. fishery)
Cost
Reputation and recognition
Detail
Social component of the ASC