writing with confidence by: saeed dehghani 1. agenda 1.writing with confidence in 6 steps 2.writing...

WRITING WITH CONFIDENCE

By: Saeed Dehghani

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AGENDA

1. Writing with Confidence in 6 Steps2. Writing a Powerful Paragraph3. Writing an Effective Essay

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WRITING WITH CONFIDENCE IN 6 STEPS

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WRITING WITH CONFIDENCE IN 6 STEPS• Step 1: Exploring Idea

• Step 2: Prewriting

• Step 3: Organizing

• Step 4: Writing first Draft

• Step 5: Revising the Draft

• Step 6: Producing the final Copy

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WHY DO WE WRITE?

• Some thing to Say: a Subject• A reason for Saying it: a Purpose• Some one to say it to: an Audience

Writing is a Personal Process BUT:You should never sit down to write a paper the night

before due.Some writers are good Planners

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STEP 1: EXPLORING IDEA• What is my subject?

• What jobs have I done or do now?• What do I know about these jobs?• Which jobs do I love or hate? What parts make me

angry or happy

• What is my purpose?• Inform?, persuade?, entertain?

• What is my audience?• College students, public, your managers, professionals?

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STEP 2: PREWRITING

•Brainstorming•Clustering•Free writing

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BRAINSTORMING

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CLUSTERING (MIND MAPPING)

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FREE WRITING

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STEP 3: ORGANIZATION

• Selecting• Based on your purpose and audience,

• Outlining• Rough outline, • Many ways to organize paragraphs.

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STEP 4: WRITING A FIRST DRAFT

• Write as fast as you can to capture your ideas fully• Leave wide margins• Double space so there will be plenty of room for

change• Use only one side of the paper• Make notes in the margins

• Tape or staple additions where you want them to go• Say some thing out loud well may be in a whisper before

you write it.• Circle words you think you misspelled to change later.• in Computer?

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STEP 5: REVISING THE DRAFT

•Reviewing,•Reading aloud•Predicting•Making clean copy

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STEP 6: PRODUCING THE FINAL COPY

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•Editing•ProofreadingTips use a good quality standard-size paper.

HOW TO WRITE A POWERFUL ESSAY

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WHAT IS THE PARAGRAPH

• A group of sentences that discuss a smaller idea and like an essay, the paragraph generally contains:

• an introduction, • a body • and a conclusion.

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BIG MAC CHEESEBURGER

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•What are the ingredients of a Big Mac Cheeseburger?

Top BunLettuceTomatoCheese

Onion Special Sauce Hamburger

Bottom Bun•Th

e to

p a

nd

bot

tom

bun

hol

d

the

stuff in

side

toget

her

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HOW TO WRITE AN EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPH

• Exploring and Planning

• Writing the topic sentence:

• Writing the Body and Conclusion:

• Revising the paragraph:

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HOW TO WRITE AN EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPH• Exploring and Planning

• you need to have Topic,• this topic should be limited

• Example • Influence of television = a long book• Television quiz shows, cartoon, comedies, ….. • You can consider influence of above issues on

Preschools, older children, adults and etc.

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•Writing the topic sentence:•General and specific statements.

•Making a point

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•Writing the Body and Conclusion:

1.Generating Ideas

2.Selecting and Organizing Ideas

3.Developing Ideas

4.Looking at Paragraph Development

5.Writing Conclusion

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1.Generating Ideas• Brainstorming• Clustering• Free writing

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2. Selecting and Organizing Ideas• Choose the details to support your topic sentence.• Arrange them in an informal outline• Choose only the details related to your purpose• Don’t use those that don’t fit

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3. Developing Ideas• Explanations• Specific Details• Examples

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4. Looking at Paragraph Development• How complicated is the topic idea• How much do your reader know about the topic• How interesting or entertaining should the paragraph.

Writing the first Draft

Writing Conclusion

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5. Writing the first Draft• 7 to 10 sentences but don’t pad it

6. Writing Conclusion• Not every conclusion has to summarize; a bang, a

joke, a powerful example, a surprize,

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•Revising the paragraph:• Unity• Coherence• Refining the Topic Sentence and Conclusion• Using peer review

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Revision Guidelines1- What is best about the paragraph

2- locate the topic sentence

3- should any sentences or parts of sentences be restated or reworded?

4- Can any general ideas be explained more? How? Would examples help?

5- Do any statements need examples to clarify their meaning. Are there places where examples might make the paragraph livelier

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Revision Guidelines6- look at the end of each sentence and the beginning

of the next. Is there a natural flow between sentences? If not what transitional words or phrases could be added. Therefore, however, because, when, despite, later, and so on.

7- look at the beginning and ending sentences of the paragraph. Is the relationship between them clear and logical .or does the paragraph stray off the point? If so, how could the problem be corrected.

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Revision Guidelines8- What would readers do with the information in the

paragraph? That is how does the paragraph answer “So What?” question? Should the paragraph be rearranged or changed to answer that question better?

9- Is the conclusion effective? Does it summarize? Does it end powerfully? How could it be revised if it drags on or stray off the point.

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Revising the paragraph:

SUMMARY OF PARAGRAPH

1. Is focused on a topic that can be developed fully in a short space

2. Begins with an introduction that attracts the readers’ interest

3. Includes a topic sentence that is the most general statement in the paragraph, makes a point and expresses an attitude or opinion.

4. May include a roadmap

5. Develops the topic idea in the body with supporting explanations, details, and examples,

6. Arranges the supporting information in some logical way

7. Concludes with a summary or a graceful ending.

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WRITING AN EFFECTIVE ESSAY

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WRITING AN EFFECTIVE ESSAY

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Conclusion

writing with confidence by: saeed dehghani 1. agenda 1.writing with confidence in 6 steps 2.writing...

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