World War II:Rise of

Militarism1939-1945

Mussolini in Italy•Fascist Party – 1921

•Military dominated gov’t• Blackshirts

•King appointed him prime minister & granted him dictatorial powers!!

Mussolini in Italy•High unemployment

•Widespread opposition to Socialists & Communists

•Fascists beat Communists

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7lw30qKFLw

Mussolini in Italy•Pledged an imperial power= sent forces to Ethiopia in 1935• U.S. passed a neutrality act banning arm shipments• Only hurt Ethiopia

•Showed other fascist countries aggression= unpunished

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7lw30qKFLw

Stalin in the Soviet Union

•Communist nation

•Joseph Stalin totalitarian state

•1927, Controlled private land organized into state-run farms• food & widespread famine• Protesters sent to labor camps= 15 million, 1933• Gulag

Stalin in the Soviet Union

•Late 1930s, Paranoid purged all possible enemies (Communist party & Red Army) = The Great Purge• Approx. 30 million died as a result of his policies

http://www.history.com/topics/joseph-stalin/videos/stalins-purges

Hitler in Germany•1932, Adolf Hitler’s National Socialist Party= Nazi Party

•Chancellor of Germany• Blamed Jews, Communists, and intellectuals for German’s

decline• Won supporters

Third Reich Hitler’s gov’t claimed dictatorial powers

◦ Prohibited Jews from holding gov’t positions, outlawed strikes, made military service mandatory

Used industry to rearm= violating the Treaty of Versailles

Troops move into Rhineland, Austria, then demanded Sudetenland- region of western Czechoslovakia and was refused

Anti-Semitism•Official gov’t policy= 1935 Nuremberg Laws- lost citizenship & allowed the destruction of Jewish property

•Nov. 9, 1938, Kristallnacht “the night of broken glass”

•Majority had no where to go strict immigration laws

Franco in Spain •Fascism spread to Spain

•1936, Gen. Francisco Franco led Fascists to overthrow the gov’t Spanish Civil War= Fascists vs. Loyalists• Fascists won

•U.S. stayed out, volunteers joined Ernest Hemingway• Loyalists were bitter

Militarists in Japan•1920’s – Military grew & didn’t want to rely on imports, & reduce western influence & expand in Eastern Asia & the Pacific

•1931 – Invaded Manchuria

•1934/1935 – Naval build-up

Militarists in Japan•7/7/1937, Japanese & Chinese troops clashed near Beijing= War

•12/1937, troops brutally assaulted & occupied Nanjing• Rape of Nanjing

•U.S. condemned these actions, but did nothing

Quick Review•Why did Italy become a fascist state?

•What are some examples that Joseph Stalin was a dictator?

•How did Adolf Hitler gain power in Germany?

•Why did Japan’s military promote expansion?

•How did America respond to all the different acts of aggression?