world malaria report country profiles

Country profiles

Afghanistan 68Algeria 69Angola 70Argentina 71Azerbaijan 72Bangladesh 73Belize 74Benin 75Bhutan 76Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) 77Botswana 78Brazil 79Burkina Faso 80Burundi 81Cabo Verde 82Cambodia 83Cameroon 84Central African Republic 85Chad 86China 87Colombia 88Comoros 89Congo 90Costa Rica 91Cte dIvoire 92Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea 93Democratic Republic of the Congo 94Djibouti 95Dominican Republic 96Ecuador 97El Salvador 98Equatorial Guinea 99Eritrea 100Ethiopia 101French Guiana, France 102Gabon 103Gambia 104Ghana 105Guatemala 106Guinea 107Guinea-Bissau 108Guyana 109Haiti 110Honduras 111India 112Indonesia 113Iran (Islamic Republic of ) 114Kenya 115Lao Peoples Democratic Republic 116

Liberia 117Madagascar 118Malawi 119Malaysia 120Mali 121Mauritania 122Mayotte, France 123Mexico 124Mozambique 125Myanmar 126Namibia 127Nepal 128Nicaragua 129Niger 130Nigeria 131Pakistan 132Panama 133Papua New Guinea 134Paraguay 135Peru 136Philippines 137Republic of Korea 138Rwanda 139Sao Tome and Principe 140Saudi Arabia 141Senegal 142Sierra Leone 143Solomon Islands 144Somalia 145South Africa 146South Sudan 147Sri Lanka 148Sudan 149Suriname 150Swaziland 151Tajikistan 152Thailand 153Timor-Leste 154Togo 155Turkey 156Uganda 157United Republic of Tanzania (Mainland) 158United Republic of Tanzania (Zanzibar) 159Vanuatu 160Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) 161Viet Nam 162Yemen 163Zambia 164Zimbabwe 165

68 | WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014Impact: Achieved >75% decrease in case incidence in 2013

III. Financing Sources of financing Financing by intervention in 2013

V. Impact Confirmed malaria cases per 1000 and ABER Malaria admissions and deaths

IV. Coverage ITN and IRS coverage Cases tested and treated in public sector

Cases tracked Test positivity

Government Global Fund World Bank USAID/PMI WHO/UNICEF Others

Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

4

8

12

16

20

OthersWHO_UNICEFUSAID/PMIWorldbank (USD)Global Fund (USD)Malaria budget (USD)

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)

At high risk protected with ITNsHouseholds with at least one ITN

All ages who slept under an ITN (survey)At high risk protected with IRS

0

20

40

60

80

100

At high risk protected with ITNsAll ages who slept under an ITN (survey)Households with at least one ITNAt high risk protected with IRS PointsAt high risk protected with IRS

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Estimated cases detected - topEstimated cases detected - bottomFever cases INF5 seeking treatment at public hfReporting completeness pointsReporting completeness

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases

WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014 | 69Impact: Achieved >75% decrease in case incidence in 2013

V. Impact Malaria test positivity rate and ABER Number of malaria cases

IV. Coverage ITN and IRS coverage Cases tested

Cases treated Cases tracked


Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

ACTs as % of all antimalarials received by 75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS

PF-RATIO

Confirmed cases per 1000 population/Parasite prevalence (PP)

No data reported for 2013

70 | WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014Impact: Insufficiently consistent data to assess trends


V. Impact Confirmed malaria cases per 1000 and ABER Malaria admissions and deaths (per 100 000)




Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

24

48

72

96

120


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)

With access to an ITN (model) All ages who slept under an ITN (survey)With access to an ITN (survey) At risk protected with IRS

0

20

40

60

80

100

With access to an ITN (model)All ages who slept under an ITN (survey)With access to an ITN (survey)At risk protected with IRS pointsAt risk protected with IRS

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases






Contr

ibutio

n (US

$m)

00.61.21.82.43.0


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Primaquine distributed vs reported P.vivax casesAntimalarials distributed vs reported cases

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Antimalarials distributed vs reported cases Primaquine distributed vs reported P. vivax cases

Posit

ivity

rate (

%)

ABER (microscopy & RDT) RDT positivity rateSlide positivity rate

ABER

(%)

0

2

4

6

8

10

Aber (microscopy & RDT)

201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120000

2

4

6

8

10

RDT positivity rate points

RDT positivity rate

Slide positivity points

Slide positivity rate

(%)

Reporting completeness Foci investigatedCases investigated

0

20

40

60

80

100

Reporting completenessFoci investigatedCases investigated pointsCases investigated

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s

0

100

200

300

400

500

Imported cases pointsImported casesIndigenous (P.vivax) pointsIndigenous (P.vivax)Total cases pointsTotal casesIndigenous (P.falciparum) pointsIndigenous (P.falciparum)

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Total casesIndigenous cases (P. falciparum)

Imported casesIndigenous cases (P. vivax)

Case

s (%

)

Suspected cases tested

0

20

40

60

80

100

Suspected cases tested pointsSuspected cases tested

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Insecticides & spray materialsITNsDiagnostic testingAntimalarial medicinesMonitoring and evaluationHuman resources & technical assistanceManagement and other costs

Management and other costs

Human Resources & technical Assistance

Monitoring and evaluation

Antimalarial medicines

Diagnostics

ITNs

Insecticide & spraying materials

Argentina Region of the Americas

I. Epidemiological profileParasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (0%), P. vivax (0%)Major anopheles species: An. pseudopunctipennis, An. darlingi

Programme phase: Elimination

Total confirmed cases, 2013: 4 Indigenous cases, 2013: 0Total deaths, 2013: 0 Indigenous deaths, 2013: 0

Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedITN ITNs/LLINs distributed free of charge No ITNs/LLINs distributed to all age groups No

IRS IRS is recommended Yes 2013 DDT is authorized for IRS No

Larval control Use of larval control recommended No

IPT IPT used to prevent malaria during pregnancy N/A

Diagnosis Patients of all ages should receive diagnostic test Yes Malaria diagnosis is free of charge in the public sector Yes 1980

Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector Yes Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken Yes System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists Yes

II. Intervention policies and strategies

Pie chart includes 100% of total contributions

Funding source(s): Government

Population 2013 %Number of active foci 0 Number of people living within active foci 0 0Number of people living in malaria-free areas 41 400 000 100Total 41 400 000


Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) No Mass screening is undertaken Yes Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted Yes Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted No Foci and case investigation undertaken Yes Case reporting from private sector is mandatory Yes

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum AL+PQ Treatment failure of P. falciparum Treatment of severe malaria Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ Dosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.25 mg/kg (14 days)

Therapeutic efficacy tests (clinical and parasitological failure, %)Medicine Year Min Median Max Follow-up No. of studies Species

Insucient dataAPI

EURO / PAHO

0

00.1

1.010

0.11.0

1050

50100

100

Insucient data

no cases

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PF-RATIOConfirmed cases per 1000 population

Insucient data

0

00.1

0.11.0

1.010PP

>75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS

PF-RATIOProportion of cases due to P. falciparum

Represents foci (active or non-active)






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

OthersWHO_UNICEFUSAID/PMIWorldbank (USD)Global Fund (USD)Malaria expenditure (USD)

20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

ACTs as % of all antimalarials received by







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

4

8

12

16

20


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases






Contr

ibutio

n (US

$m)

00.060.120.180.240.30


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000


Posit

ivity

rate (

%)


ABER

(%)

0

3

6

9

12

15


201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120000

2

4

6

8

10


RDT positivity rate



(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000



Case

s (%

)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000






Diagnostics

ITNs


Belize Region of the Americas

I. Epidemiological profileParasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (0%), P. vivax (100%)Major anopheles species: An. albimanus, An. darlingi

Programme phase: Pre-elimination


Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedITN ITNs/LLINs distributed free of charge Yes 2009 ITNs/LLINs distributed to all age groups Yes 2009

IRS IRS is recommended Yes DDT is authorized for IRS No

Larval control Use of larval control recommended Yes


Diagnosis Patients of all ages should receive diagnostic test Yes Malaria diagnosis is free of charge in the public sector Yes

Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector Yes 2010 Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken Yes System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists No



Funding source(s): Government, USAID/PMI, WHO

Population 2013 %Number of active foci 6 Number of people living within active foci 4540 1Number of people living in malaria-free areas 327 000 99Total 331 540


Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) No Mass screening is undertaken Yes Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted No Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted No Foci and case investigation undertaken Yes Case reporting from private sector is mandatory Yes

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum CQ+PQ (1d) Treatment failure of P. falciparum Treatment of severe malaria QN Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ(14d) Dosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.25 mg/kg (14 days)


Insucient dataAPI

EURO / PAHO

0

00.1

1.010

0.11.0

1050

50100

100

Insucient data

no cases

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100


Insucient data

0

00.1

0.11.0

1.010PP

>75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS



WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014 | 75Impact: Insufficiently consistent data to assess trends






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

10

20

30

40

50


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100


0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS

PF-RATIO


Based on 2012 reported data Based on 2012 reported data








Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

1

2

3

4

5


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases 1 case per 1000 population) 512 000 5Low transmission (01 cases per 1000 population) 3 250 000 31Malaria-free (0 cases) 6 900 000 65Total 10 662 000

Parasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (16%), P. vivax (84%)Major anopheles species: An. darlingi, An. pseudopunctipennis

Programme phase: Control

Reported confirmed cases: 7342 Reported deaths: 0





Diagnosis Patients of all ages should receive diagnostic test Yes 2000 Malaria diagnosis is free of charge in the public sector Yes 1996

Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector Yes 2003 Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Yes Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes 1998 G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken No System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists No

Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) No Mass screening is undertaken Yes 1998 Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted No Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted No

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum AS+MQ+PQ 2001Treatment failure of P. falciparum QN+CL Treatment of severe malaria QN 2001Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ(7d) 2001Dosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.50 mg/kg (7 days)

Type of RDT used P.f + P.v specific (Combo)


CQ 20062011 0 7.8 10 28 days 4 P. vivax



Funding source(s): Government, Global Fund

Insucient dataAPI

EURO / PAHO

0

00.1

1.010

0.11.0

1050

50100

100

Insucient data

no cases

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100


Insucient data

0

00.1

0.11.0

1.010PP

>75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS


Survey source: DHS 2003, DHS 2008







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

1

2

3

4

5


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases

WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014 | 79Impact: On track for 75% decrease in case incidence 20002015






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

24

48

72

96

120


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



020406080

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases 1 case per 1000 population) 4 610 000 2Low transmission (01 cases per 1000 population) 36 100 000 18Malaria-free (0 cases) 159 700 000 80Total 200 410 000

Parasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (18%), P. vivax (82%)Major anopheles species: An. darlingi, An. albitarsis, An. aquasalis


Reported confirmed cases: 178 546 Reported deaths: 41






Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector Yes 2006 Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Yes 2010 Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes 2011 Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes 1972 G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken No System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists No

Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) Yes Mass screening is undertaken Yes Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted Yes Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted Yes

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum AL+PQ(1d); AS+MQ+PQ(1d) 2012Treatment failure of P. falciparum QN+D+PQ Treatment of severe malaria AM+CL; AS+CL; QN+CL Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ(7d) 2006Dosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.50 mg/kg (7 days)

Type of RDT used P.f + all species (Combo)


AL 20052007 0 0 0 28 days 2 P. falciparumAS+MQ 20052007 0 0 0 42 days 3 P. falciparumCQ+PQ 20052008 1.3 3.25 5.2 28 days 2 P. vivax


Pie chart includes 75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS








Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

24

48

72

96

120


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

7

14

21

28

35


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


020406080

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

5

10

15

20

25


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100


0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS

PF-RATIO


WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014 | 83Impact: Increase in case incidence 2000-2015






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

10

20

30

40

50


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

16

32

48

64

80


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

2

4

6

8

10


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases







Contr

ibutio

n (US

$m)

0250500750

10001250


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

12

24

36

48

60


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



020406080

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

020406080

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases

88 | WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014Impact: On track for 75% decrease in case incidence 20002015






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

7

14

21

28

35


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases 1 case per 1000 population) 7 150 000 15Low transmission (01 cases per 1000 population) 3 720 000 8Malaria-free (0 cases) 37 400 000 78Total 48 270 000

Parasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (34%), P. vivax (66%)Major anopheles species: An. darlingi, An. albimanus, An. nunestovari, An. neivai, An. punctimacula, An. pseudopunctipennis


Reported confirmed cases: 51 722 Reported deaths: 10






Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector Yes 2008 Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn No Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum No 2008 Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken No System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists Yes

Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes 1998 ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) No Mass screening is undertaken No Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted No Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted No

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum AL 2006Treatment failure of P. falciparum QN(3d)+CL(5d) 2004Treatment of severe malaria AS Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ(14d) 1960sDosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.25 mg/kg (14 days)

Type of RDT used P.f + P.v specific (Combo)


AL 20072009 0 0.6 1 28 days 3 P. falciparumCQ+PQ 20062011 0 0 0 28 days 2 P. vivax



Funding source(s): Government, Global Fund, AMI/RAVREDA

Insucient dataAPI

EURO / PAHO

0

00.1

1.010

0.11.0

1050

50100

100

Insucient data

no cases

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100


Insucient data

0

00.1

0.11.0

1.010PP

>75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS


Survey source: DHS 2000, DHS 2005, DHS 2010







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

1

2

3

4

5


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


020406080

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

3

6

9

12

15


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases






Contr

ibutio

n (US

$m)

01.63.24.86.48.0


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000


Posit

ivity

rate (

%)


ABER

(%)

0

1

2

3

4

5


201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120000

6

12

18

24

30


RDT positivity rate



(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s

0

800

1600

2400

3200

4000


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000



Case

s (%

)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Costa Rica Region of the Americas

I. Epidemiological profileParasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (0%), P. vivax (100%)Major anopheles species: An. albimanus

Programme phase: Elimination






Diagnosis Patients of all ages should receive diagnostic test Yes Malaria diagnosis is free of charge in the public sector Yes 1957

Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector No Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken Yes System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists Yes


Population 2013 %Number of active foci 1 Number of people living within active foci 2500 0Number of people living in malaria-free areas 4 870 000 100Total 4 872 500


Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) Yes Mass screening is undertaken No Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted Yes Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted Yes Foci and case investigation undertaken Yes Case reporting from private sector is mandatory Yes

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum CQ+PQ(1d) Treatment failure of P. falciparum CQ+PQ Treatment of severe malaria QN Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ(7d); CQ+PQ(14d) Dosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.25 mg/kg (14 days); 0.5mg/kg (7 days)


Insucient dataAPI

EURO / PAHO

0

00.1

1.010

0.11.0

1050

50100

100

Insucient data

no cases

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100


Insucient data

0

00.1

0.11.0

1.010PP

>75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS










Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

3

6

9

12

15


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100


0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS

PF-RATIO








Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

120

240

360

480

600


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases







Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases

96 | WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014Impact: On track for 50%-75% decrease in case incidence 2000-2015






Contr

ibutio

n (US

$m)

01.63.24.86.48.0


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases 1 case per 1000 population) 447 000 4Low transmission (01 cases per 1000 population) 8 460 000 81Malaria-free (0 cases) 1 500 000 14Total 10 407 000

Parasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (99%), P. vivax (1%)Major anopheles species: An. albimanus





Larval control Use of larval control recommended Yes 1964



Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector No Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes 1964 Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes 1964 G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken Yes System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists No

Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes 1964 ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) Yes 1964 Mass screening is undertaken Yes 1964 Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted No Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted No

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum CQ+PQ(1d) Treatment failure of P. falciparum CQ; QN Treatment of severe malaria CQ; QN Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ(14d) Dosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.25 mg/kg (14 days)

Type of RDT used P.f only




Funding source(s): Government, Global Fund, WHO, Other (all types)

Insucient dataAPI

EURO / PAHO

0

00.1

1.010

0.11.0

1050

50100

100

Insucient data

no cases

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100


Insucient data

0

00.1

0.11.0

1.010PP

>75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS


Survey source: DHS 2002, DHS 2007

Survey source: DHS 2007






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

2

4

6

8

10


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000


Posit

ivity

rate (

%)


ABER

(%)

0

2

4

6

8

10


201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120000

5

10

15

20

25


RDT positivity rate



(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s

024 00048 00072 00096 000

120 000


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000



Case

s (%

)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000






Diagnostics

ITNs


Ecuador Region of the Americas

I. Epidemiological profileParasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (43%), P. vivax (57%)Major anopheles species: An. albimanus, An. punctimacula, An. pseudopunctipennis



Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedITN ITNs/LLINs distributed free of charge Yes 2004 ITNs/LLINs distributed to all age groups Yes





Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector Yes 2005 Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Yes Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken Yes System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists No



Funding source(s): Government, Global Fund, Other (bilateral), Other (all types)

Population 2013 %Number of active foci 3 Number of people living within active foci 265 000 2Number of people living in malaria-free areas 15 500 000 98Total 15 765 000


Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) Yes Mass screening is undertaken No Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted No Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted No Foci and case investigation undertaken Yes Case reporting from private sector is mandatory No

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum AL+PQ 2012Treatment failure of P. falciparum QN+CL 2004Treatment of severe malaria QN 2004Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ(14d) 2004Dosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.50 mg/kg (7 days)


AL 20052006 0 0 0 28 days 1 P. falciparum

Insucient dataAPI

EURO / PAHO

0

00.1

1.010

0.11.0

1050

50100

100

Insucient data

no cases

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100


Insucient data

0

00.1

0.11.0

1.010PP

>75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS







Contr

ibutio

n (US

$m)

00.81.62.43.24.0


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s (%

)

020406080

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000


Posit

ivity

rate (

%)


ABER

(%)

0510152025


201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120000

0.070.140.210.280.35


RDT positivity rate



(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Case

s

0

160

320

480

640

800


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000



Case

s (%

)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000






Diagnostics

ITNs


El Salvador Region of the Americas

I. Epidemiological profileParasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (0%), P. vivax (100%)Major anopheles species: An. albimanus, An. pseudopunctipennis



Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedITN ITNs/LLINs distributed free of charge Yes ITNs/LLINs distributed to all age groups Yes 2013




Diagnosis Patients of all ages should receive diagnostic test Yes 2010 Malaria diagnosis is free of charge in the public sector Yes

Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector No Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine No Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken Yes System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists No



Funding source(s): Government, WHO

Population 2013 %Number of active foci 2 Number of people living within active foci 54 900 1Number of people living in malaria-free areas 6 290 000 99Total 6 344 900


Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) Yes ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) Yes Mass screening is undertaken No Uncomplicated P. falciparum cases routinely admitted No Uncomplicated P. vivax cases routinely admitted No Foci and case investigation undertaken Yes Case reporting from private sector is mandatory No

YearAntimalaria treatment policy Medicine adoptedFirst-line treatment of unconfirmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum CQ+PQ(1d) Treatment failure of P. falciparum AL Treatment of severe malaria QN 2012Treatment of P. vivax CQ+PQ(14d) Dosage of primaquine for radical treatment of P. vivax 0.25 mg/kg (14 days)


Insucient dataAPI

EURO / PAHO

0

00.1

1.010

0.11.0

1050

50100

100

Insucient data

no cases

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100


Insucient data

0

00.1

0.11.0

1.010PP

>75

0

No cases

Insucient data

Very low PP

020

2040

4060

6080

80100

PR

OTHERS









Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

4

8

12

16

20


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases

WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2014 | 101Impact: On track for 50%-75% decrease in case incidence 2000-2015






Cont

ribut

ion (U

S$m

)

0

40

80

120

160

200


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)


0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases







Contr

ibutio

n (US

$m)

00.120.240.360.480.60


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

Popu

lation

(%)



0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100


20132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000

% fever cases 1 case per 1000 population) 213 000 86Low transmission (01 cases per 1000 population) 36 100 14Malaria-free (0 cases) 0 0Total 249 100

Parasites and vectorsMajor plasmodium species: P. falciparum (31%), P. vivax (68%)Major anopheles species: An. darlingi







Diagnosis Patients of all ages should receive diagnostic test Yes Malaria diagnosis is free of charge in the public sector Yes

Treatment ACT is free for all ages in public sector Artemisinin-based monotherapies withdrawn Single dose of primaquine is used as gametocidal medicine for P. falciparum Yes Primaquine is used for radical treatment of P. vivax Yes G6PD test is a requirement before treatment with primaquine Directly observed treatment with primaquine is undertaken System for monitoring of adverse reactions to antimalarials exists

Yes/ YearIntervention Policies/strategies No adoptedSurveillance ACD for case investigation (reactive) ACD of febrile cases at community level (pro-active) Mass screenin

world malaria report country profiles

Documents

topestimated cases

irs coverage cases

irs020406080100at high

dominican republic

impact confirmed malaria

itn surveyat high risk

itnat high risk

irs pointsat high risk