World History: The Rise of Medieval Europe World History: The Rise of Medieval Europe

Ms Shari Ms Shari

Rise of Medieval Europe Rise of Medieval Europe

Frankish Rulers - strongest Germanic group Settled in France and Germany A.D. 700 King of the Franks - Clovis (Adopted Catholicism) Mayors of the Palaces - Frankish Government officials

who had real power given to them by the king. Charles Martel was a Mayor of a Palace who defeated

Muslims and defended France. Son of Charles - Pepin the Short Pepin forced Lombards out and gave land to Church. Annointed by Pope and secured tie to Church. Pepin’s son - Charlemagne or Charles the Great.

Frankish Rulers - strongest Germanic group Settled in France and Germany A.D. 700 King of the Franks - Clovis (Adopted Catholicism) Mayors of the Palaces - Frankish Government officials

who had real power given to them by the king. Charles Martel was a Mayor of a Palace who defeated

Muslims and defended France. Son of Charles - Pepin the Short Pepin forced Lombards out and gave land to Church. Annointed by Pope and secured tie to Church. Pepin’s son - Charlemagne or Charles the Great.

Charles the GreatCharles the Great

Charlemagne’s Empire included Germany, France, Northern Spain and Italy.

Defended Pope Leo III against Roman Nobles Pope Crowned Charles the new Roman Emperor. Set up Capital in Germany Greatest Frankish ruler Charles died and his 3 grandsons split his empire

(Germany, Italy, France) Signed Treaty of Verdun A.D. 843 to settle the split

Charlemagne’s Empire included Germany, France, Northern Spain and Italy.

Defended Pope Leo III against Roman Nobles Pope Crowned Charles the new Roman Emperor. Set up Capital in Germany Greatest Frankish ruler Charles died and his 3 grandsons split his empire

(Germany, Italy, France) Signed Treaty of Verdun A.D. 843 to settle the split

A New EuropeA New Europe

The grandsons lost land to invaders Vikings/Norseman, Muslims, Slavs, Nomads Isolated communities and weakened Central

Governments, trade declined, economic collapse.

Nobles and non royals back in power A.D. 800 - new political system began Feudalism

The grandsons lost land to invaders Vikings/Norseman, Muslims, Slavs, Nomads Isolated communities and weakened Central

Governments, trade declined, economic collapse.

Nobles and non royals back in power A.D. 800 - new political system began Feudalism

FeudalismFeudalism

An exchange of goods and services for protection of lands and people.

Land given to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military help.

Nobles obligated to provide Knights (mounted warriors) to the royal army. (Bullies and thugs)

Code of Knights was Chivalry Age 7 live with nobleman; Age 15 a Squire could train

as a Knight. Warriors granted Fiefs or estates with peasants Later fiefs granted to counts and local officials.

An exchange of goods and services for protection of lands and people.

Land given to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military help.

Nobles obligated to provide Knights (mounted warriors) to the royal army. (Bullies and thugs)

Code of Knights was Chivalry Age 7 live with nobleman; Age 15 a Squire could train

as a Knight. Warriors granted Fiefs or estates with peasants Later fiefs granted to counts and local officials.

System of FeudalismSystem of Feudalism

∆Like a pyramid King

Lords Vassals Knights /Squire Serfs/Peasants

∆Like a pyramid King

Lords Vassals Knights /Squire Serfs/Peasants

Life in the Feudal SystemLife in the Feudal System

Lords had almost total authority

Ladies had few or any rights (house work)

Entertainment was called Tournament

- mock battles of military skills and hunting.

Jousting, Falconry, Archery, Horseback riding

Lords had almost total authority

Ladies had few or any rights (house work)

Entertainment was called Tournament

- mock battles of military skills and hunting.

Jousting, Falconry, Archery, Horseback riding

Life of a NoblemanLife of a Nobleman

Tie between the Noble and Vassal were made official in a ceremony known as a Homage.

Most important pledge was military service. Every nobleman built a castle Built on a hill, surrounded by a Moat and

strongest part was the Keep. Surrounding the keep was an open area called the Bailey (many useful rooms).

Tie between the Noble and Vassal were made official in a ceremony known as a Homage.

Most important pledge was military service. Every nobleman built a castle Built on a hill, surrounded by a Moat and

strongest part was the Keep. Surrounding the keep was an open area called the Bailey (many useful rooms).

Manorial SystemManorial System

System of Agricultural production Provided lords and peasants with food, shelter

and protection. Economic system between Lords and Serfs. Serfs were bound to Lords, but were not slaves Could not be sold apart from the land. Peasants could gain freedom if they could run

and avoid detection for 1 year and 1 day.

System of Agricultural production Provided lords and peasants with food, shelter

and protection. Economic system between Lords and Serfs. Serfs were bound to Lords, but were not slaves Could not be sold apart from the land. Peasants could gain freedom if they could run

and avoid detection for 1 year and 1 day.

The Medieval ChurchThe Medieval Church

Kingdom of Christians “Christiandom or Age of Faith”

Pope was the strongest political leader in Western Europe.

Catholic claim - Peter the Apostle was Rome’s first Bishop, chosen by Jesus to lead the church.

Believed all people were sinners dependent on God’s grace or favor.

Kingdom of Christians “Christiandom or Age of Faith”

Pope was the strongest political leader in Western Europe.

Catholic claim - Peter the Apostle was Rome’s first Bishop, chosen by Jesus to lead the church.

Believed all people were sinners dependent on God’s grace or favor.

Medieval Church ContinuedMedieval Church Continued

Eucharist - Holy Communion Baptism, Penance, Confirmation, matrimony, anointing

of the sick and holy orders. Mass or religious services in Latin Pope, Bishops, Priests (Secular Clergy) Friars, Monks, Nuns (Regular Clergy) lived apart from

society. Roman Official Benedict founded a monastery in Italy. Benedictine Rule - poverty, chastity and obedience Abbot or head of a Monastery Nuns under rule of Abbess

Eucharist - Holy Communion Baptism, Penance, Confirmation, matrimony, anointing

of the sick and holy orders. Mass or religious services in Latin Pope, Bishops, Priests (Secular Clergy) Friars, Monks, Nuns (Regular Clergy) lived apart from

society. Roman Official Benedict founded a monastery in Italy. Benedictine Rule - poverty, chastity and obedience Abbot or head of a Monastery Nuns under rule of Abbess

Church ReformChurch Reform

Began with Monks and Friars Cardinals appointed Popes Pope has complete jurisdiction over the church Non Clergy were stopped from giving religious gifts as

rewards. Heresy - crimes against church (convert Jews) Pope Innocent III was the most powerful Pope Inquisitions in A.D. 1232 Arrested for criticizing or challenging the basic

teachings of the church. Tried and Excommunicated if found guilty. Later

tortured and burned at the stake.

Began with Monks and Friars Cardinals appointed Popes Pope has complete jurisdiction over the church Non Clergy were stopped from giving religious gifts as

rewards. Heresy - crimes against church (convert Jews) Pope Innocent III was the most powerful Pope Inquisitions in A.D. 1232 Arrested for criticizing or challenging the basic

teachings of the church. Tried and Excommunicated if found guilty. Later

tortured and burned at the stake.

Catholic Power Grew - A.D. 1200’sCatholic Power Grew - A.D. 1200’s

Jews were persecuted further. Blamed for social and economic problems Blamed for the death of Jesus Required to wear badges on their clothing Required to live in Ghettos and pay high taxes. Lost rights to own land, trade and later expelled to

Poland. Christians could not live in Jewish homes or provide

medical care to Jews, Actions by Christians served to remove power and

position of Jewish people.

“Sound Familiar”

Jews were persecuted further. Blamed for social and economic problems Blamed for the death of Jesus Required to wear badges on their clothing Required to live in Ghettos and pay high taxes. Lost rights to own land, trade and later expelled to

Poland. Christians could not live in Jewish homes or provide

medical care to Jews, Actions by Christians served to remove power and

position of Jewish people.

“Sound Familiar”

Crusades 1096 - 1272 Crusades 1096 - 1272 Pope Urban II called for Christians to make a Pilgrimage

to Jerusalem and capture the Holy Land from the Muslims “infidels”

Those who fought were Crusaders. 9 military expeditions in all (Battles fought in Germany

and France because of large populations of Jews) Most vicious battle was the Battle of Mayence in South of

France. 1300 Jews invited to hide in Archbishop’s palace.

Slaughtered and property distributed. 1099 Crusaders captured Jerusalem. Herded all the

Jews into a synagogue as they circled it holding hands They sang “Christ we adore thee” while they burned the

Jews alive.

Pope Urban II called for Christians to make a Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and capture the Holy Land from the Muslims “infidels”

Those who fought were Crusaders. 9 military expeditions in all (Battles fought in Germany

and France because of large populations of Jews) Most vicious battle was the Battle of Mayence in South of

France. 1300 Jews invited to hide in Archbishop’s palace.

Slaughtered and property distributed. 1099 Crusaders captured Jerusalem. Herded all the

Jews into a synagogue as they circled it holding hands They sang “Christ we adore thee” while they burned the

Jews alive.

Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades

Helped end Feudalism Increased monarchy power People had larger views of the world United all Muslim Islamics in the world Promoted Trade and Cultural Exchange Cultural and Economic improvements (new

plow, collar harness, crop rotation, roads repaired and rebuilt.

Fairs aided trade and cultural exchange

Helped end Feudalism Increased monarchy power People had larger views of the world United all Muslim Islamics in the world Promoted Trade and Cultural Exchange Cultural and Economic improvements (new

plow, collar harness, crop rotation, roads repaired and rebuilt.

Fairs aided trade and cultural exchange

Banking in Medieval EuropeBanking in Medieval Europe

Brought the rise of money economy Money Exchangers determined values,

transferred funds, deposits, and made loans. Jews and Italians were some of the 1st

Bankers especially during Crusades. People came in contact and traded goods for $ Jews acted as Money exchangers

Bankers $

Brought the rise of money economy Money Exchangers determined values,

transferred funds, deposits, and made loans. Jews and Italians were some of the 1st

Bankers especially during Crusades. People came in contact and traded goods for $ Jews acted as Money exchangers

Bankers $

Rise of DiseaseRise of Disease

Towns grew on waterways and off roads Streets were alleyways, buildings wood and

thatch roofs. Bandits made it necessary for wood/stone

fences around towns. ALMOST NO SANITATION - tossed in streets Diphtheria, typhoid, flu, malaria, Bubonic

Plague or BLACK DEATH.

Towns grew on waterways and off roads Streets were alleyways, buildings wood and

thatch roofs. Bandits made it necessary for wood/stone

fences around towns. ALMOST NO SANITATION - tossed in streets Diphtheria, typhoid, flu, malaria, Bubonic

Plague or BLACK DEATH.

BLACK DEATH A.D. 1348 - 1350BLACK DEATH A.D. 1348 - 1350

Fleas infected the rats who then infected humans. Came on trade ships from China to Italy Spread to every corner of Europe (populated areas) Took over 30 years for Plague to end “Ring a Round the Rosie, Pocket full of posies, ashes,

ashes, we all fall down” Killed over 1/3 of Europe’s Population Jews were blamed for Disease and burned alive,

hanged and murdered. Accused of poisoning the wells or magic that brought the disease to the Christians.

Fleas infected the rats who then infected humans. Came on trade ships from China to Italy Spread to every corner of Europe (populated areas) Took over 30 years for Plague to end “Ring a Round the Rosie, Pocket full of posies, ashes,

ashes, we all fall down” Killed over 1/3 of Europe’s Population Jews were blamed for Disease and burned alive,

hanged and murdered. Accused of poisoning the wells or magic that brought the disease to the Christians.

Medieval Middle ClassMedieval Middle Class

Hospitals and medical care grew Business and Guilds monopolized trade Masters - Journeyman - Apprentices Artisans - Blacksmiths, carpenters,

shoemakers, tailors, weavers, masons, maids Townspeople granted charters - gave rights to

control their own affairs, and businesses Burghers in Germany, Bourgeoisie in France,

Burgesses in England (Middle Class Groups)

Hospitals and medical care grew Business and Guilds monopolized trade Masters - Journeyman - Apprentices Artisans - Blacksmiths, carpenters,

shoemakers, tailors, weavers, masons, maids Townspeople granted charters - gave rights to

control their own affairs, and businesses Burghers in Germany, Bourgeoisie in France,

Burgesses in England (Middle Class Groups)

Medieval EducationMedieval Education

Nobles and rich went to universities Schools modeled after law school in Bologna,

Italy and specialized in medicine and law. System of thought - Scholasticism Catholics opposed this thinking that combined

learning of reason and faith. Rejected Aristotle’s and scholarly teachings as heresy.

Thomas Aquinas - A.D. 1200 most important scholastic thinker (His teachings - God’s Gifts)

Nobles and rich went to universities Schools modeled after law school in Bologna,

Italy and specialized in medicine and law. System of thought - Scholasticism Catholics opposed this thinking that combined

learning of reason and faith. Rejected Aristotle’s and scholarly teachings as heresy.

Thomas Aquinas - A.D. 1200 most important scholastic thinker (His teachings - God’s Gifts)

Medieval Art and LiteratureMedieval Art and Literature

Epics and Romances Songs written into stories Traveling Poet-Musicians - Troubadours or

Mintrels. Late Medieval Literature written in Vernacular

(everyday languages of their region) Art seen in Churches (Romanesque) French architecture (Gothic)

Epics and Romances Songs written into stories Traveling Poet-Musicians - Troubadours or

Mintrels. Late Medieval Literature written in Vernacular

(everyday languages of their region) Art seen in Churches (Romanesque) French architecture (Gothic)

AnglelandAngleland

England - Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms united Alfred the Great Defeated the Danish Vikings

who earlier crossed English channel to invade England. He was the 1st to have “Great” title.

French William Duke of Normandy won the English Crown in A.D. 1066

William the Conqueror - 1st Norman King

England - Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms united Alfred the Great Defeated the Danish Vikings

who earlier crossed English channel to invade England. He was the 1st to have “Great” title.

French William Duke of Normandy won the English Crown in A.D. 1066

William the Conqueror - 1st Norman King

New English CultureNew English Culture

William the Conqueror’s grandson King Henry II Created Common Law, Grand and Petit Jury Sons Richard the lionhearted and John John took over when Richard left to fight in Crusades King John taxed nobles due to loss of income Nobles wrote Magna Carta to limit kings power Great Council of nobles created (Parliament) Knights enforced the Magna Carta and protected

Noblemen House of Lords and House of Commons compares to

our Congress (Senate and House of Representatives)

William the Conqueror’s grandson King Henry II Created Common Law, Grand and Petit Jury Sons Richard the lionhearted and John John took over when Richard left to fight in Crusades King John taxed nobles due to loss of income Nobles wrote Magna Carta to limit kings power Great Council of nobles created (Parliament) Knights enforced the Magna Carta and protected

Noblemen House of Lords and House of Commons compares to

our Congress (Senate and House of Representatives)

Monarchy Rise to PowerMonarchy Rise to Power

Hundred’s Year War - England and France battle A.D. 1337 - 1453

English fought to keep Land William the Conqueror had acquired (Northern France)

A.D. 1337 England’s King Edward III claimed French Crown.

Longbow gave the English victories Monarchs replaced fuedal soldiers with

national armies.

Hundred’s Year War - England and France battle A.D. 1337 - 1453

English fought to keep Land William the Conqueror had acquired (Northern France)

A.D. 1337 England’s King Edward III claimed French Crown.

Longbow gave the English victories Monarchs replaced fuedal soldiers with

national armies.

Joan of Arc and FranceJoan of Arc and France

17 year old girl who made Charles VII King of France She heard her saints her instructed her to save France

from the English. French beat English at Orleans, Joan was hero English kidnapped Joan Church tried her for heresy/burned at stake. France united and developed a strong centralized

Government but had independent rulers in regions. Church Canonized Joan of Arc (made her a saint over

500 years later)

17 year old girl who made Charles VII King of France She heard her saints her instructed her to save France

from the English. French beat English at Orleans, Joan was hero English kidnapped Joan Church tried her for heresy/burned at stake. France united and developed a strong centralized

Government but had independent rulers in regions. Church Canonized Joan of Arc (made her a saint over

500 years later)

English MonarchyEnglish Monarchy

War of the Roses Family members fight over Monarchy House of Lancaster (Red Rose) House of York (White Rose) Red Rose family WON! King Henry VII Tudor Monarcy won control

War of the Roses Family members fight over Monarchy House of Lancaster (Red Rose) House of York (White Rose) Red Rose family WON! King Henry VII Tudor Monarcy won control

Spanish MonarchySpanish Monarchy

A.D. 1469 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Ferdinand of Aragon Isabella of Castile Married and ruled separate but royal power

united Spain Cortes (assemblies) reviewed royal policies Moors and Jews left Spain weakening their

economy (lost banker, businesses, skilled) Spanish Inquisitions made Monarchy powerful!

A.D. 1469 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Ferdinand of Aragon Isabella of Castile Married and ruled separate but royal power

united Spain Cortes (assemblies) reviewed royal policies Moors and Jews left Spain weakening their

economy (lost banker, businesses, skilled) Spanish Inquisitions made Monarchy powerful!

Troubled Catholic ChurchTroubled Catholic Church

Holy Roman Empire largest political unit Monarchs weakened power of Church France controlled Church Romans forced Cardinals to elect Italian Pope after

death of French Pope Clement. This change was called “Great Schism”. Church Corruption was outrageous Simony - selling of church positions to wealthy Indulgences - pay for your sins to be forgiven Church Challengers - John Wickliffe and Jan Hus who

was burned at the stake

Holy Roman Empire largest political unit Monarchs weakened power of Church France controlled Church Romans forced Cardinals to elect Italian Pope after

death of French Pope Clement. This change was called “Great Schism”. Church Corruption was outrageous Simony - selling of church positions to wealthy Indulgences - pay for your sins to be forgiven Church Challengers - John Wickliffe and Jan Hus who

was burned at the stake