WORLD HISTORYWORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 20CHAPTER 20

MASS SOCIETY AND DEMOCRACYMASS SOCIETY AND DEMOCRACY

Section 1 – The Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Growth of Industrial

ProsperityProsperity New ProductsNew ProductsSteel took the place

of iron...helped make machines lighter, smaller, & faster

Steel Production (GB, France, Germany, & Belgium)

• 1860 – 125,000 tons• 1913 – 32,000,000 tons

Section 1 – The Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Growth of Industrial

ProsperityProsperity New ProductsNew ProductsElectricity used for

heat, light, & motionThomas EdisonThomas Edison –

developed first American light bulb

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell – telephone

Guglielmo MarconiGuglielmo Marconi – radioWright BrothersWright Brothers - airplane

Section 1 – The Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Growth of Industrial

ProsperityProsperity New PatternsNew PatternsWages increased & product

costs went downAssembly line new

manufacturing method developed by Henry Henry FordFord...allowed Ford to mass produce his Model T automobile

Europe divided into two economic zones...Western Europe becomes industrialized & wealthy...Eastern Europe remained agricultural & poor

Section 1 – The Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Growth of Industrial

ProsperityProsperity The Communist ManifestoThe Communist ManifestoWritten in 1848 by Karl MarxKarl Marx & Friedrich EngelsSaid society was split into two groups

• BourgeoisieBourgeoisie – middle class...the oppressors• ProletariatProletariat – working class...the oppressed

Marx believed the struggle b/w these two groups would lead to a revolution

Believed the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie, set up a dictatorship, and create a classless society

Political parties based on the ideals of Marx began to grow throughout Europe

Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass

SocietySociety New Urban EnvironmentNew Urban EnvironmentMany people moved from the countryside to cities to

find work in factoriesPopulation of London

• 1800 – 960,000• 1900 – 6,500,000

Improvements in public health & sanitation helped living conditions in cities

• Running water• Sewage systems• Dams & reservoirs for water• Gas & electric heaters

Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass

SocietySociety The Marriage IdealThe Marriage IdealMen were viewed as tough,

source of income, the “boss” of the relationship

Women were viewed as innocent, homemaker, needed to obey her husband

Family sizes (# of children) began to decrease b/c of better economic situation and increased use of birth control

Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass

SocietySociety The Family IdealThe Family IdealSee the growth of more

“family” celebrations Fourth of July and “modern version” of Christmas

Most children were working by age 9-10

Families began to be able to afford more comforts such as sewing machines & cast-iron stoves

Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass

SocietySociety Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights

Feminism beganWomen fought for

legal rights, education rights, voting rights, etc.

Many nations didn’t grant these rights until after WWI

Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass

SocietySociety EducationEducation Access to education began

to filter down from the upper class

Children b/w 6-12 were required to attend school

Nations began to set up schools & universities to help educate people

More education increased literacy rates in industrialized nations

Higher literacy rates helped the growth of newspapers

Section 2 – The Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Emergence of Mass

SocietySociety LeisureLeisureAll forms of leisure and

entertainment began to grow (amusement parks, dance halls, sports)

Changes in leisure during this time:• 1)1) Leisure came to be viewed as

something fun done after work• 2)2) Leisure became more passive (sit

on a ferris wheel, watch a ballgame)• 3)3) Leisure became something people

paid for (amusement park, sporting event)

Section 3 – The Section 3 – The National State & National State &

DemocracyDemocracy Triple AllianceTriple Alliance Formed b/w Germany, Austria-

Hungary, & Italy Germany sought allies b/c it feared

France (thought they were trying to create an anti-German alliance)

Germany maintained a separate treaty w/ Russia & tried to remain on good terms w/ Great Britain

1890 – Otto von Bismarck was removed from power in Germany...Germany dropped treaty w/ Russia Otto von Bismarck

Section 3 – The Section 3 – The National State & National State &

DemocracyDemocracy Triple EntenteTriple EntenteFormed b/w Russia,

Great Britain, & France

Germany became flanked

Led to uneasy situation in Europe for decades (up until WWI)

Section 3 – The Section 3 – The National State & National State &

DemocracyDemocracy Crises in the BalkansCrises in the BalkansAustria-Hungary & Russia both tried to gain influence

over the Balkan countriesBosnia & Herzegovina were annexed by Austria-HungarySerbia was outraged...Serbia had wanted to join up w/

Bosnia & Herzegovina to form a large Slavic-speaking kingdom

Russia supported Serbia...Serbia prepared for war w/ Austria-Hungary

Germany told Russia to back down or face warRussia (weak military at the time) backed down but

vowed revenge

Section 4 – Toward the Section 4 – Toward the Modern ConsciousnessModern Consciousness

ArtArtMonetMonet –

impressionist painter – Impression Sunrise

Van GoghVan Gogh – postimpressionist painter – The Starry Night

PicassoPicasso – cubist painter – Three Musicians

Section 4 – Toward the Section 4 – Toward the Modern ConsciousnessModern Consciousness

ArchitectureArchitectureFrank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

– American architect – Falling Water

Section 4 – Toward the Section 4 – Toward the Modern ConsciousnessModern Consciousness

ScienceScienceMarie CurieMarie Curie –

discovered radiationAlbert EinsteinAlbert Einstein –

theory of relativitySigmund FreudSigmund Freud –

wrote “The Interpretation of Dreams”...developed psychoanalysis – delving deep into someone’s memory

Section 4 – Toward the Section 4 – Toward the Modern ConsciousnessModern Consciousness

Extreme NationalismExtreme NationalismSocial DarwinismSocial Darwinism – idea that natural selection could

be applied to society...stronger cultures/races would prosper while weaker ones would decline

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism – “anti-Jew”...massacres of Jews were not uncommon across Europe

ZionismZionism – movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine...Palestine was the land of ancient Israel...Palestine was opposed to Jewish immigration