world history
DESCRIPTION
World History. 5/19/14. Warm-up. Write the major event regarding French government in each of these years. 1830 1832 1848 1852 1870. Franco-Prussian War. 1868 Spanish Revolution: overthrow the Queen, meaning they need a new monarch. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World History
5/19/14
![Page 2: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Warm-up
• Write the major event regarding French government in each of these years.– 1830– 1832– 1848– 1852– 1870
![Page 3: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Franco-Prussian War
• 1868 Spanish Revolution: overthrow the Queen, meaning they need a new monarch.
• They search for a new monarch—the French don’t want it to be a German prince.
• Tensions between France and Prussia lead to war—German states support Prussia
• This 1870 war finalizes Prussian unification into…GERMANY
![Page 4: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHAT IF
• Napoleon III had ignored Wilhelm I’s warmongering & just waited to see what happened in Spain?
• Wilhelm & Bismarck may not have seized French land or united the German Empire—no World War I or World War II!
![Page 5: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
But let’s backtrack a little…
• Congress of Vienna (1815): meeting establishing peace after Napoleon
• Led by Klemens von Metternich
![Page 6: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Klemens von Metternich
• Wealthy politician—wanted to return Europe to pre-1789 conditions.
• Against republics, voting, & freedom of the people.
• Why does he hate these new governments?
![Page 7: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Impact of Congress Of Vienna & Metternich
• Attempt to balance powers within Europe—boundaries are changed to keep another superpower from emerging.
• Metternich’s policies of oppression and absolutism lead to revolutions around the continent.
![Page 8: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Prince Metternich
• “The old Europe is nearing its end.”
![Page 9: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
4th period
• After the Congress of Vienna in ____, Klemens von Metternich encouraged __________________________. This led to __________________________.
![Page 10: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Post-Napoleonic Europe
• Read about Post-Napoleonic Europe.
• Summarize each heading in a few sentences.
![Page 11: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Choose one of the following
• Create a poster for Young Italy.– What is your cause?– Who is involved? Who are you recruiting?
• Write your own version of the Blood & Iron speech.– What were Bismarck’s opinions at the time?– How would he have expressed them?
![Page 12: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Essential Question 1
• Which leaders were most pivotal in changing the political organization of Europe after Napoleon?
![Page 13: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pre-WWI events
• Lots of events around the globe—keep the EQ in mind.
![Page 14: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Ottoman Empire
• The Ottoman Empire never returned to its glory after Suleiman the Magnificent
• What would happen to the balance of power if they collapsed? This is called the Eastern Question.
• France & Great Britain prop up the empire.
![Page 15: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Crimean War
• Ottomans control Jerusalem & give Roman Catholics control of the holy places there.
• Orthodox Russia invades the Ottoman Empire. France & England help the Ottomans.
• Lasts two years—Russians lose in a bloody war.• First use of railways, telegraphs, & ironclads!• Florence Nightingale: famous British nurse who saved
many. 10x lower death rate than other hospitals.
![Page 16: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Balkan Wars
• Rise of nationalism led to discontent in the Ottoman Empire.
• 1912 & 1913: four Balkan nations win independence from the Ottomans (Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, & Montenegro)
![Page 17: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Britain in India
• Mughal Empire is collapsing and Europeans have new, effective weapons.
• British East India Company (a business!) controls India.
• Introduce the English language, ban Indian customs, and spread Christianity.
• 1857: Sepoy Mutiny (sepoys = Indian soldiers in British army)– Two years of fighting before the British government steps
in and rules India directly.
![Page 18: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
British Raj• Raj: Hindi word for “rule”• British Raj industrializes India—railroads needed for
trade.• Indian nationalism begins; resentful of British changes• Indian National Congress founded to request better
representation• Nationalism becomes radical—swadeshi (boycott of
British goods) from 1905-1908.• Muslim League: Muslim Indians, not Hindus like INC, to
advocate for India• Indian National Congress + Muslim League = desire for
independence in coming years.
![Page 19: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
China & foreign influence
• Qing dynasty is losing power; British begin to exert influence over China.
• British trade opium (drug) to China in return for tea and other goods. Leads to Opium Wars, which expand foreign influence in China.
• Rebellions in 1850s against the Qing: Taiping Rebellion– Hong Xiuquan vs. Qing leaders; lasted from 1850-1864
and killed 20 million Chinese• Qing come out on top and decide to reform
government; leads to industrialization
![Page 20: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Chinese Rebellions
• Boxer Rebellion: 1899-1900– Hatred of foreign influence which led to killing of
missionaries and Christian converts.– Government supports Boxers, but they are defeated by
an alliance of foreigner armies.• Xinhai (1911) Revolution: led by Sun Yat-sen– Belief in nationalism, democracy, & unity– Qing overthrown due to weakness, resentment, &
foreign influence– Republic of China founded in 1912
![Page 21: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Meiji Restoration
• In Japan, the Tokugawa Shogunate allows too much foreign influence. This leads to the rule of Emperor Meiji & the Meiji Restoration.
• Beginning in 1868, Japan begins to industrialize and build an empire.
• Japan’s economic power rivals the U.S.; they defeat China and Russia in wars to become the most powerful Asian country.
![Page 22: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scramble for Africa
• European countries try to gain political control of the continent from 1880-1914.
• Imperialism & nationalism fueled the desire of European countries to gain more colonies than others.
• 1884-1885: Berlin Conference—European leaders divide up Africa based on their own interests. Don’t pay attention to ethnic divisions.
• Africans resist: Shaka & Zulus lose to British; Menelik II & Ethiopians maintain independence against the Italians.
![Page 23: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Berlin Conference• Yellow:
Belgian• Red: British• Blue: French• Green:
German• Neon Green:
Italian• Purple:
Portuguese• Pink: Spanish
![Page 24: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Foreign influence in Latin America• Monroe Doctrine wanted to keep Europe out of the
Americas.• Spanish colony of Cuba begins fighting for independence;
advocate Jose Marti is killed.• Yellow journalism (sensationalist) is published against Spain.• U.S. battleship explodes in Havana, Cuba—Spanish obviously
blamed.• Spanish-American War (1898): Spanish destroyed in three
months.• U.S. (ironically) makes Cuba a protectorate, rather than an
independent state.
![Page 25: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
American imperialism
• Roosevelt Corollary: “Chronic wrongdoing…in the Western Hemisphere…may force the United States, however reluctantly…to the exercise of an international police power.”
• Speak softly and carry a big stick.• Panama Canal—U.S. helps Panama achieve
independence so they can build the canal & save 8,000 miles on journey from NYC to San Francisco.
![Page 26: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Russian conditions
• Russia still ruled by tsars—absolute power.• Agricultural society (not yet industrialized);
serfs are abused• Pogroms occur—waves of violent attacks on
Jews (blamed for the assassination of Tsar Alexander II)
![Page 27: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Russo-Japanese War
• Japan’s empire views Russia as a threat.• Two sides are competing for Manchuria and
Korea.• Japan attacks Russia.• Tsar Nicholas II continues fighting for too long;
people are unhappy and Russia loses.
![Page 28: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Russian Revolution of 1905
• Socialist ideas of Marx spread to Russia• Vladimir Lenin begins to call for an end to the
autocratic government.• Jan. 22, 1905: “Bloody Sunday”– Russian protestors fired upon; hundreds killed
• Strikes shut down the Trans-Siberian Railroad• Nicholas II writes the October Manifesto—more
freedom for Russians & a representative body called the Duma.
• Nicholas II still retains a lot of power, though…
![Page 29: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Essential Question 2
• What factors fueled events in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
![Page 30: World History](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070423/568166ae550346895ddaa2ad/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
MAIN factors
• There were four MAIN factors that led up to World War I:– Militarism– Alliances– Imperialism– Nationalism