world development report 2004 making services work for poor people
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
world development report 2004
Making Services Work for Poor People
![Page 2: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Messages
• Services are failing poor people.
• But governments, citizens, and donors can make them work. How?
• By empowering poor people to– Monitor and discipline service providers– Raise their voice in policymaking
• By strengthening incentives for service providers to serve the poor
![Page 3: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MDGs—Global aggregates
Eradicate poverty and hunger Universal primary education
Source: www.developmentgoals.org
![Page 4: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MDGs—Global aggregates
Source: www.developmentgoals.org
Promote gender equality Reduce child mortality
![Page 5: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Outcomes are worse for poor peoplePercent aged 15 to 19 completing each grade or higher
Source: Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data
![Page 6: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Growth is not enoughPercent living on
$1/dayPrimary completion
rate (percent) Under-5 mortality rateTarget 2015 growth
aloneTarget 2015 growth
aloneTarget 2015 growth
aloneEast Asia 14 4 100 100 19 26
Europe and Central Asia
1 1 100 100 15 26
Latin America 8 8 100 95 17 30
Middle East and North Africa
1 1 100 96 25 41
South Asia 22 15 100 99 43 69
Africa 24 35 100 56 59 151
Sources: World Bank 2003a, Devarajan 2002. Notes: Average annual growth rates of GDP per capita assumed are: EAP 5.4; ECA 3.6; LAC 1.8; MENA 1.4; SA 3.8; AFR 1.2. Elasticity assumed between growth and poverty is –1.5; primary completion is 0.62; under-5 mortality is –0.48.
![Page 7: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Similar changes in public spending can be associated with vastly different changes in
outcomes
Sources: Spending data from World Development Indicators database. School completion from Bruns, Mingat and Rakatomalala 2003
![Page 8: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
and vastly different changes in spending can be associated with similar changes in
outcomes.
Sources: Spending data for 1990s from World Development Indicators database. Child mortality data from Unicef 2002. Other data from World Bank staff
![Page 9: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Expenditure incidence
Health Education
Source: Filmer 2003b
![Page 10: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nonwage funds not reaching schools: Evidence from PETS (percent)
Country Mean Ghana 2000 49 Peru 2001 30 Papua NG 2001 28 Tanzania 1998 57 Uganda 1995 78 Zambia 2001 (discretion/rule) 76/10
Source: Ye and Canagarajah (2002) for Ghana; World Bank (2004) for PNG; Instituto Apoyo and World Bank (2002) for Peru; Price Waterhouse Coopers (1998) for Tanzania; Reinikka and Svensson 2002 for Uganda; Das et al. (2002) for Zambia.
![Page 11: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ghost workers on payroll (percent)
Country Education Health
Honduras 2000
Papua NG
5
15
8.3
-
Uganda 1993 20 -
Sources: World Bank 2001 &2004; Reinikka 2001
![Page 12: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Extent of absence: Global results
Absence rates(percent) in:
Primaryschools
PrimaryHealthCenters
Bangladesh 16 35
Ecuador 14 --
India 25 40
Indonesia 19 40
Papua New Guinea 15 19
Peru 11 23
Uganda 27 37
Zambia 17 --
![Page 13: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
But services can work• Contracting-in and contracting-out of health
services in Cambodia
• Infant mortality and malnutrition reduced in Ceará, Brazil
• Citywide services in Johannesburg, South Africa reformed
• Cash transfers to households in Mexico increased enrollment, lowered illness cases
• Citizen report cards in Bangalore, India
• Public information campaign to reduce leakage of education funds in Uganda
![Page 14: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Poor people Providers
Policymakers
A framework of relationships of accountability
![Page 15: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Short and long routes of accountability
![Page 16: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The relationship of accountabilityhas five features
![Page 17: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Poor people
Policymakers
A framework of relationships of accountability
Providers
![Page 18: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mexico’s PRONASOL, 1989-94
• Large social assistance program (1.2 percent of GDP)
• Water, sanitation, electricity and education construction to poor communities
• Limited poverty impact – Reduced poverty by 3 percent– If better targeted, could have reduced it by
64 percent
![Page 19: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PRONASOL expenditures according to party in municipal government
Source: Estevez, Magaloni and Diaz-Cayeros 2002
![Page 20: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A framework of relationships of accountability
Providers
Policymakers
Poor people
![Page 21: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Policymaker-provider:Contracting NGOs in Cambodia
• Contracting out (CO): NGO can hire and fire, transfer staff, set wages, procure drugs, etc.
• Contracting in (CI): NGO manages district, cannot hire and fire (but can transfer staff), $0.25 per capita budget supplement
• Control/Comparison (CC): Services run by government
12 districts randomly assigned to CC, CI or CO
![Page 22: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Utilization of facilities by poor People sick in last month
Source: Bhushan, Keller and Schwartz 2002
![Page 23: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A framework of relationships of accountability
Poor people Providers
Policymakers
![Page 24: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Schools in Uganda received more of what they were due
Source: Reinikka and Svensson (2001), Reinikka and Svensson (2003a)
![Page 25: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Accountability and decentralized service delivery
Poor people Providers
National policymakers
Local policymakers
![Page 26: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Degrees of decentralization
![Page 27: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Eight sizes fit all?
![Page 28: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Eight sizes fit all?
![Page 29: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Eight sizes fit all?
![Page 30: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Eight sizes fit all?
![Page 31: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Eight sizes fit all?
![Page 32: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Eight sizes fit all?
![Page 33: World development report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551b4fd4550346ae7a8b51fa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Making Services Work for Poor People
http://econ.worldbank.org/wdr/wdr2004
world development report 2004