WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND RISK CONTROL

1. OUTLINE THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WORK EQUIPMENT

2. EXPLAIN THE HAZARDS AND CONTROLS FOR HAND-HELD TOOLS

3. DESCRIBE THE MAIN MECHANICAL AND NON-MECHANICAL HAZARDS OF MACHINERY

4. EXPLAIN THE MAIN CONTROL MEASURES FOR REDUCING RISK FROM COMMON

CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY HAZARDS

INTRODUCTION•WE ARE GOING TO COVER THE MAIN REQUIREMENTS FOR

WORK EQUIPMENT AS COVERED BY PARTS II AND III OF

THE PROVISION AND USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT

REGULATIONS (PUWER). AS SHOWN…

• THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OF NEW

MACHINERY.

• THE SAFE USE OF HAND-HELD TOOLS, HAND-HELD POWER

TOOLS AND THE SAFEGUARDING OF A SMALL RANGE OF

MACHINERY THAT IS USED IN OUR INDUSTRY.

INTRODUCTION

•ANY EQUIPMENT USED BY AN EMPLOYEE AT WORK IS GENERALLY COVERED BY THE TERM

‘WORK EQUIPMENT’.

•THEREFORE THE SCOPE IS EXTREMELY WIDE AND INCLUDES HAND TOOLS, POWER TOOLS

(EAWR), LADDERS, PHOTOCOPIERS, LIFTING EQUIPMENT, LIFT TRUCKS (LOLER) EVEN

COMPANY VEHICLES, ALMOST EVERYTHING USED FOR WORK,

• INCLUDED IN THIS IS EMPLOYEES OWN EQUIPMENT, WHICH IS ALSO COVERED.

INTRODUCTION• THE TERM USE COVERS;

• STARTING OR STOPPING THE EQUIPMENT

• REPAIR

•MODIFICATION

• CLEANING

• SERVICING

• INSPECTION EVEN TRANSPORTING.

INTRODUCTION• EMPLOYERS AND SELF EMPLOYED MUST ENSURE THAT ALL WORK EQUIPMENT IS SUITABLE, MAINTAINED

AND INSPECTED, AND PROVIDED WITH ADEQUATE INFORMATION AND INSTRUCTION, AND IS THEN ONLY

USED BY PEOPLE WHO ARE TRAINED OR BEING TRAINED WHILST UNDER DIRECT SUPERVISION.

• THERE ARE TYPICALLY UP TO FOUR ELEMENTS TO TRAINING;

• BASIC OPERATING;

• FAMILIARISATION;

• LOCATION OR SITE FAMILIARISATION;

• WRITTEN AUTHORISATION.

SUITABILITY OF WORK EQUIPMENT AND CEMARKING

STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS

•WHEN WORK EQUIPMENT IS PROVIDED FOR USE AT WORK IT HAS TO CONFORM TO

STANDARDS WHICH COVER ITS SUPPLY AS EITHER A NEW OR SECOND-HAND PIECE OF

EQUIPMENT AND ITS USE IN THE WORKPLACE, THIS INVOLVES;

• ITS INITIAL INTEGRITY;

•THE PLACE WHERE IT WILL BE USED;

•THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH IT WILL BE USED;

LAWThe supply of

machinery

(safety)

regulations

1998 / 2011

LAW

• THERE ARE TWO GROUPS OF LAW THAT DEAL WITH THIS

PROVISION OF WORK EQUIPMENT;

• ONE DEALS WITH WHAT MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS HAVE

TO DO. THIS IS REFERRED TO AS THE ‘SUPPLY LAW’. ONE OF THE

MOST COMMON IS THE SUPPLY OF MACHINERY (SAFETY)

REGULATIONS 1998, WHICH REQUIRES MANUFACTURERS AND

SUPPLIERS TO ENSURE THAT MACHINERY IS SAFE WHEN SUPPLIED

AND HAS A CE MARKING. ITS PRIMARY PURPOSES TO PREVENT

BARRIERS TO TRADE ACROSS THE EU, AND NOT TO PROTECT

PEOPLE AT WORK.

LAW• THE OTHER DEALS WITH WHAT THE USER OF MACHINERY OTHER WORK

EQUIPMENT HAVE TO DO. THIS CAN BE CALLED THE ‘USER’ LAW, PUWER

98, AND APPLIES TO MOST PIECES OF WORK EQUIPMENT. ITS PRIMARY

PURPOSE IS TO PROTECT PEOPLE AT WORK.

• UNDER USER LAW EMPLOYERS HAVE TO PROVIDE SAFE EQUIPMENT OF

THE CORRECT TYPE, ENSURE THAT IS CORRECTLY USED AND MAINTAIN

IT IN A SAFETY CONDITION. WHEN BUYING NEW EQUIPMENT, THE ‘USER’

HAS TO CHECK THAT THE EQUIPMENT COMPLIES WITH ALL THE ‘SUPPLY’

LAW THAT IS RELEVANT.

• THE USER MUST CHECK THE MACHINE IS SAFE TO USE BEFORE IT IS

USED.

HAZARDS AND RISKS

•MOST NEW EQUIPMENT INCLUDING MACHINERY IN PARTICULAR SHOULD HAVE ‘CE’

MARKING WHEN PURCHASED. ‘CE’ MARKING IS ONLY A CLAIM BY THE MANUFACTURER

THAT THE EQUIPMENT IS SAFE AND THAT THEY HAVE MET RELEVANT SUPPLY LAW. IF

THIS IS DONE PROPERLY MANUFACTURERS WILL ALSO HAVE TO:

• FIND OUT ABOUT THE HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS (TRAPPING, NOISE, CRUSHING,

ELECTRICAL SHOCK, DUST, VIBRATIONS ETC.) THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE PRESENT WHEN

THE MACHINE IS USED;

•ASSESS THE LIKELY RISKS;

RISK ASSESSMENTNO

INJURY

1

MINOR

INJURY

2

SERIOUS

INJURY

3

MAJOR

INJURY

4

FATALITY

5

ALMOST

CERTAIN

5

5 10 15 20 25

LIKELY

4

4 8 12 16 20

POSSIBLE

3

3 6 9 12 15

UNLIKELY

2

2 4 6 8 10

RARE

1

1 2 3 4 5

ASSESSMENTS AND GUARDING• LIKELY RISKS CONTINUED;

• DESIGN OUT THE HAZARDS THAT RESULT IN RISKS; OR, IF THAT IS NOT

POSSIBLE;

• PROVIDE SAFEGUARDS (E.G. GUARDING DANGEROUS PARTS OF THE

MACHINE, PROVIDING NOISE ENCLOSURES FOR NOISY PARTS); OR, IF

THAT IS NOT POSSIBLE;

• USE WARNING SIGNS ON THE MACHINE TO WARN OF HAZARDS THAT

CANNOT BE DESIGNED OUT OR SAFEGUARDED, (E.G. ‘NOISY MACHINE’

SIGNS).

ERICPD

HIERARCHY

OF

PREVENTION

ASSESSMENTS AND GUARDING• MANUFACTURERS ALSO HAVE TO;

• KEEP INFORMATION, EXPLAINING WHAT THEY HAVE DONE AND WHY, IN A

TECHNICAL FILE.

• FIX CE MARKING TO THE MACHINE WHERE NECESSARY, TO SHOW THAT THEY

HAVE COMPLIED WITH ALL THE RELEVANT SUPPLY LAWS;

• ISSUE A ‘DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY’ FOR THE MACHINE. THIS IS A

STATEMENT THAT THE MACHINE COMPLIES WITH THE RELEVANT ESSENTIALS

HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OR WITH THE EXAMPLE THAT

UNDERWENT TYPE-EXAMINATION.

DECLARATION AND CONFORMITY• A DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY MUST;

• STATE THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MANUFACTURE OR IMPORTER INTO THE EU

• CONTAIN A DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINE, AND ITS MAKE, TYPE AND SERIAL NUMBER

• INDICATE ALL RELEVANT EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES WITH WHICH THE MACHINERY COMPLIES

• STATE DETAILS OF ANY NOTIFIED BODY THAT HAS BEEN INVOLVED

• SPECIFY WHICH STANDARDS HAVE BEEN USED IN THE MANUFACTURE (IF ANY);

• BE SIGNED BY A PERSON WITH AUTHORITY TO DO SO;

• PROVIDE THE BUYER WITH INSTRUCTION TO EXPLAIN HOW TO INSTALL, USE, AND MAINTAIN

THE MACHINERY SAFELY.

COMPLIANCE•THIS CAN HELP IN DECIDING WHICH EQUIPMENT MAY BE SUITABLE, PARTICULARLY IF

BUYING A STANDARD PIECE OF EQUIPMENT ‘OFF THE SHELF’.

• IF BUYING A MORE COMPLEX OR CUSTOM-BUILT MACHINE THE BUYER SHOULD

DISCUSS THEIR REQUIREMENTS WITH POTENTIAL SUPPLIERS. FOR A CUSTOM-BUILT

PIECE OF EQUIPMENT, THERE IS THE OPPORTUNITY TO WORK WITH THE SUPPLIER TO

DESIGN OUT THE CAUSES OF INJURY AND ILL HEALTH. TIME SPENT NOW ON AGREEING

THE NECESSARY SAFEGUARDS, TO CONTROL HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS, COULD SAVE

ON TIME, EFFORT AND MONEY LATER.

IMPORTSNOTE: SOMETIMES EQUIPMENT IS SUPPLIED VIA ANOTHER ORGANIZATION, FOR EXAMPLE,

AN IMPORTER, RATHER THAN DIRECT FROM THE MANUFACTURER, SO THIS OTHER

ORGANIZATION IS REFERRED TO AS THE SUPPLIER. IT IS IMPORTANT TO REALIZE THAT THE

SUPPLIER MAY NOT BE THE MANUFACTURER.

•WHEN THE EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN SUPPLIED THE BUYER SHOULD LOOK FOR CE

MARKING, CHECK FOR A COPY OF THE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY AND THAT THERE

IS A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS IN ENGLISH ON HOW THE MACHINE SHOULD BE USED AND,

MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL, CHECK TO SEE IF THEY THINK THAT IT IS SAFE.

COMPLIANCEBEFORE BUYING NEW EQUIPMENT THE BUYER WILL NEED TO THINK

ABOUT;

•WHERE AND HOW IT WILL BE USED;

•WHAT IT WILL BE USED FOR;

•WHO WILL USE IT (SKILLED EMPLOYEES, TRAINEES);

•WHAT RISKS TO HEALTH AND SAFETY MIGHT RESULT IN ITS USE;

• HOW WELL HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS ARE CONTROLLED BY

DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS.

CE MARKING CONFORMITY ROUTE

COMPLIANCE

CE MARKING IS NOT A GUARANTEE THAT THE MACHINE IS SAFE.

• IT IS A CLAIM BY THE MANUFACTURER THAT THE MACHINERY

COMPLIES WITH THE LAW. CE MARKING HAS MANY ADVANTAGES

IF DONE PROPERLY, FOR EXAMPLE:

• IT ALLOWS A COMMON STANDARD ACROSS EUROPE;

• IT PROVIDES A MEANS OF SELLING TO ALL EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

MEMBER STATES WITHOUT BARRIERS TO TRADE;

COMPLIANCE

• IT ENSURES THAT INSTRUCTIONS AND SAFETY INFORMATION ARE SUPPLIED IN A

FAIRLY STANDARD WAY IN MOST LANGUAGES IN THE EC;

• IT HAS ENCOURAGED THE USE OF DIAGRAMS AND PICTORIALS WHICH ARE COMMON

TO ALL LANGUAGES;

• IT ALLOWS FOR INDEPENDENT TYPE-EXAMINATION FOR SOME MACHINERY LIKE

WOODWORKING MACHINERY WHICH HAS NOT BEEN MADE TO AN EC-HARMONIZED

STANDARD NUMBER (E.G. BS EN…).

COMPLIANCE

CLEARLY THERE ARE DISADVANTAGES AS WELL, FOR

EXAMPLE:

• INSTRUCTION MANUALS HAVE BECOME VERY LONG.

SOMETIMES VOLUMES ARE PROVIDED, BECAUSE OF

THE NUMBER OF LANGUAGES THAT ARE REQUIRED.

•TRANSLATION CAN BE VERY POOR AND DISGUISE

THE PROPER MEANING OF THE INSTRUCTION.

COMPLIANCE•MANUFACTURERS CAN FRAUDULENTLY PUT ON

THE CE MARKING.

•MANUFACTURERS MIGHT MAKE MISTAKES IN

CLAIMING CONFORMITY WITH SAFETY LAWS.

• DUE DILIGENCE AND KNOWN SUPPLIER USE CAN

HELP US STEER CLEAR OF THIS, BUT EXTREME

CARE MUST ALWAYS BE ADOPTED.

• (RECENT GOVERNMENT PURCHASE OF P.P.E)

PUWER / GUARDING• PREVENTION OF

ACCESS TO

DANGEROUS PARTS

OF MACHINERY;

• F.I.A.T

• FIXED

• INTERLOCKED

• AUTOMATIC

• TWO HANDED

PUWER / GUARDING

• PUWER REQUIRES EMPLOYERS TO TAKE EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO

PREVENT ACCESS TO DANGEROUS PARTS OF MACHINERY OR STOP

THEIR MOVEMENT BEFORE ANY PART OF A PERSON ENTERS A

DANGER ZONE.

• THE TERM ‘DANGEROUS PART’ HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN HEALTH

AND SAFETY LAW THROUGH JUDICIAL DECISIONS. SO IN

PRACTICE, THIS MEANS THAT IF A PIECE OF WORK EQUIPMENT

COULD CAUSE INJURY IF IT IS BEING USED IN A FORESEEABLE WAY,

IT CAN BE CONSIDERED A DANGEROUS PART.

PUWER

•THERE ARE MANY HSE PUBLICATIONS WHICH ARE

SPECIFIC TO A MACHINE OR INDUSTRY, ACOP,

HSG MANUALS, THEY DESCRIBE THE MEASURES

THAT CAN BE TAKEN TO PROTECT AGAINST RISKS

ASSOCIATED WITH DANGEROUS PARTS OF

MACHINERY. CURRENT NATIONAL, EUROPEAN AND

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ALSO BE USED

FOR GUIDANCE, SUCH AS BS EN12100 SAFETY OF

MACHINERY.

PUWER• RISK ASSESSMENT; REG 3 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT

WORK REGS

• THERE IS A NEED TO IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS PRESENTED BY

MACHINERY. THE RISK ASSESSMENT SHOULD EVALUATE THE NATURE

OF THE INJURY, ITS SEVERITY AND LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE FOR

EACH HAZARD IDENTIFIED. THIS WILL ENABLE THE EMPLOYERS TO

DECIDE WHETHER THE LEVEL OF RISK IS ACCEPTABLE OR RISK

REDUCTION CONTROL MEASURES ARE REQUIRED.

• IN MOST CASES THE NEED IS TO PREVENT CONTACT OF PART OF THE

BODY OR CLOTHING WITH ANY DANGEROUS PART OF THE MACHINE,

FOR EXAMPLE, BY PROVIDING SAFEGUARDS.

PUWER / GUARDING• PUWER SPECIFIES THE MEASURES WHICH SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PREVENT ACCESS TO

DANGEROUS PARTS OF THE MACHINERY AND ACHIEVE COMPLIANCE WITH THE REGULATIONS,

THESE MEASURES ARE RANKED IN THE ORDER THEY SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED, WHERE

PRACTICABLE, TO ACHIEVE ADEQUATE LEVELS OF PROTECTION;

a. FIXED ENCLOSED GUARDS;

b. OTHER GUARDS OR PROTECTIVE DEVICES SUCH AS INTERLOCKED, PRESSURE MATS, PHOTO

ELECTRIC BEAMS, TWO HANDED CONTROLS, HOLD TO RUN, AUTOMATIC;

c. PROTECTION APPLIANCES, JIGS, HOOKS, PUSH-STICKS;

d. THE PROVISION OF INFORMATION, TRAINING, INSTRUCTIONS, SUPERVISION.

PUWER / GUARDING

PUWER•THE AIM IS TO REDUCE RISK ‘SO FAR AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE’

•THE MEASURES NEED TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE REDUCTION OF RISK TO ‘ALARP’

•AS

• LOW

•AS

•REASONABLY

•PRACTICABLE

A.L.A.R.P

•SFRP – SO FAR AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE

•ALARP – AS LOW AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE

PUWER•THERE MAY HAVE TO BE A COMBINATION OF MEASURES, THE SELECTION PROCESS

SHOULD CONTINUE DOWN THE SCALE UNTIL THE COMBINED MEASURES ARE EFFECTIVE

IN REDUCING THE RISKS TO AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF

THE REGULATION.

• IN SELECTION YOU WILL HAVE TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT;

•THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE WORK

• EVALUATION OF THE RISK

•THE TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAFEGUARDING SOLUTIONS

PUWER•MOST MACHINERY WILL PRESENT MORE THAN ONE MECHANICAL HAZARD EG;

• CONVEYOR OR BELT, ROTATING SHAFTS SO ENTANGLEMENT OR TRAPPED PULLED IN OR

CONTACT, CHAIN DRIVE,

• THE RISK ASSESSMENT SHOULD LOOK AT NORMAL USE, BUT THE ASSESSMENT SHOULD ALSO

LOOK AT SETTING, MAINTENANCE, CLEANING AND REPAIR, THE ASSESSMENT WILL THEREFORE

LOOK AT ALTERNATIVE MEASURES TO CONTROL THE RISKS WHILE THIS WORK IS BEING

CARRIED OUT.

• CERTAIN SETTING OR ADJUSTMENTS MAY REQUIRE THE EQUIPMENT TO BE RUNNING SO THERE

MAY BE A GREATER RELIANCE ON INSTRUCTIONS AND TRAINING ALONG WITH INFORMATION

AND SUPERVISION

PUWER / MAINTENANCE•SOME PIECES OF WORK EQUIPMENT INVOLVE SPECIFIC RISKS TO HEALTH AND

SAFETY WHERE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO CONTROL ADEQUATELY THE HAZARDS BY

PHYSICAL MEANS ALONE, EG; BENCH OR CIRCULAR SAWS OR ABRASIVE WHEELS

WE MUST USE THE HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS TO REDUCE THE RISK;

• ELIMINATE RISK

•TAKE PHYSICAL MEASURES TO CONTROL THE RISKS SUCH AS GUARDS; BUT IF

THE RISKS CANNOT BE ADEQUATELY CONTROLLED

•WE HAVE TO ADOPT APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE MEASURES, SUCH AS SAFE

SYSTEMS OF WORK THESE ARE

PUWER

RESTRICT THE USE OF SUCH

EQUIPMENT TO THE PERSONS

DESIGNATED OR AUTHORISED

TO USE IT ONLY !!!

WRITTEN AUTHORISATION MAY

BE REQUIRED WITH HIGH RISK

EQUIPMENT

PUWER

•THESE DESIGNATED PERSONS SHOULD HAVE SUFFICIENT;

• INFORMATION

•TRAINING

• INSTRUCTIONS

•SUPERVISION

PUWER•THIS ALLOWS THEM TO SELECT AND FIT THE CORRECT

PARTS TO THE EQUIPMENT SAFELY

•REPAIRS, MODIFICATIONS, MAINTENANCE OR SERVICING IS

ALSO RESTRICTED TO DESIGNATED PERSONS

•THIS MAY BE THE OPERATOR WITH SUFFICIENT SKILL AND

INFORMATION AND TRAINING

•ALTHOUGH NOT ALL USERS MAY BE TRAINED IN ALL SERVICE

DUTIES LIKE DRESSING WHEELS OR MAINTAINING

ELECTRICS

PUWER

•PROTECTION AGAINST OTHER HAZARDS

ASSOCIATED WITH MACHINERY IS DEALT

WITH IN THE REGULATIONS 12 AND 13.

HOWEVER THE MEASURES REQUIRED BY

THIS REGULATION MAY ALSO PROTECT OR

HELP TO PROTECT AGAINST OTHER

HAZARDS SUCH AS EJECTED PARTICLES OR

HEAT

I.T.I.S.• PEOPLE USING AND MAINTAINING WORK EQUIPMENT, WHERE THERE ARE RESIDUAL RISK THAT

CANNOT BE SUFFICIENTLY REDUCED BY PHYSICAL MEANS, REQUIRE ENOUGH INFORMATION,

INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING TO OPERATE SAFELY.

• THE INFORMATION AND INSTRUCTIONS ARE LIKELY TO COME FROM THE MANUFACTURER, BUT

THERE ARE SOME CHANGES COMING INTO PLACE THAT MENTION A CURRENT INSTRUCTION OR

MAINTENANCE MANUAL.

• IT IS UP TO THE EMPLOYER TO ENSURE THAT WHAT IS PROVIDED IS EASILY UNDERSTOOD, AND

SET OUT LOGICALLY WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND STANDARD SYMBOLS WHERE APPROPRIATE.

• THE INFORMATION SHOULD NORMALLY BE IN GOOD PLAIN ENGLISH, BUT OTHER LANGUAGES

MAY BE NECESSARY.

I.T.I.S.•THE EXTENT OF THE

INFORMATION AND

INSTRUCTIONS WILL

DEPEND ON THE

COMPLEXITY OF THE

EQUIPMENT AND THE

SPECIFIC RISKS

ASSOCIATED WITH ITS

USE. N0 IDEA

I.T.I.S.• THEY SHOULD COVER:

• ALL SAFETY AND HEALTH ASPECTS;

• ANY LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF THE EQUIPMENT ;

• ANY FORESEEABLE PROBLEMS THAT COULD OCCUR;

• SAFE METHODS TO DEAL WITH THE PROBLEMS;

• ENSURING ANY RELEVANT EXPERIENCE WITH THE

EQUIPMENT THAT WOULD REDUCE RISKS OR HELP

OTHERS TO WORK MORE SAFELY, SHOULD BE

RECORDED AND COMMUNICATED TO EVERYONE

INVOLVED WITH THE WORK SOME JOBS CAN BE VERY COMPLEX AND SPECIALIST

TRAINING• EVERYONE WHO USES AND

MAINTAINS WORK EQUIPMENT NEEDS

TO BE ADEQUATELY TRAINED. THE

AMOUNT OF TRAINING REQUIRED WILL

DEPEND:

• THE COMPLEXITY AND LEVEL OF RISK

INVOLVED IN USING OR MAINTAINING

THE EQUIPMENT;

• THE EXPERIENCE AND SKILLS OF THE

PERSON DOING THE WORK, IS IT

NORMAL USE OR MAINTENANCE. MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, HYDRAULIC, PNEUMATIC.

TRAINING• TRAINING NEEDS TO BE GREATEST WHEN A PERSON IS FIRST

RECRUITED BUT WILL ALSO NEED TO BE CONSIDERED:

•WHEN WORKING TASKS ARE CHANGED, LEVEL OF RISKS ALTER;

• IF NEW EQUIPMENT OR TECHNOLOGY CHANGES;

•WHERE SYSTEM OF WORK CHANGES;

•WHEN LEGAL REQUIREMENTS CHANGE;

• PERIODICALLY TO UPDATE AND REFRESH PEOPLE’S KNOWLEDGE

AND SKILLS;

• FOLLOWING AN ACCIDENT OR INCIDENT. MACHINERY MAY NEED DE-

CONTAMINATING OR CLEANING

BEFORE REPAIR

TRAINING•SUPERVISORS AND MANAGERS ALSO REQUIRE ADEQUATE TRAINING TO CARRY OUT

THEIR JOB, PARTICULARLY IF THEY ONLY SUPERVISE ON A TASK OCCASIONALLY.

•THE TRAINING AND SUPERVISION OF YOUNG PERSONS IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT

BECAUSE OF IMATURITY, UNFAMILIARITY WITH THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND LACK

OF AWARENESS OF EXISTING POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND RISKS.

•VERY OFTEN THE VARIOUS APPROVED CODES OF PRACTICE RESTRICT THE USE OF HIGH

RISK EQUIPMENT OR MACHINERY, ONLY INDIVIDUALS WITH SUFFICIENT MATURITY AND

TRAINING ALONG WITH COMPETENCE MAY BE ALLOWED TO USE THE EQUIPMENT

UNSUPERVISED.

MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION

•WORK EQUIPMENT NEEDS TO BE PROPERLY

MAINTAINED SO IT CONTINUES TO OPERATE

SAFELY AND EFFICIENTLY IN THE WAY IT

WAS DESIGNED TO PERFORM.

MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION• THE AMOUNT OF MAINTENANCE WILL BE

STIPULATED BY THE MANUFACTURER AND

DEPENDS ON THE AMOUNT OF USE, THE

WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND THE EQUIPMENT

TYPE.

• HIGH SPEED HIGH RISK EQUIPMENT, HEAVY USE,

ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTS, DUST, SALT WATER,

MAY REQUIRE VERY FREQUENT MAINTENANCE,

WHERE ITEMS LIKE HAND TOOLS, SHOVELS, MAY

REQUIRE VERY LITTLE.

MAINTENANCE

•MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SCHEMES

CAN BE BASED AROUND A NUMBER OF

FACTORS AND TECHNIQUES THAT ARE

DESIGNED TO FOCUS ON THOSE PARTS

THAT ARE LIKELY TO DETERIORATE AND NEED

TO BE MAINTAINED TO PREVENT HEALTH

AND SAFETY RISKS.

MAINTENANCE

•THESE TECHNIQUES INCLUDE:

•PREVENTATIVE PLANNED

MAINTENANCE

•CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE

•BREAKDOWN BASED MAINTENANCE

SAFETY

LIABILITY

RESPONSIBILITYRELIABILITY

LONGEVITY

PREVENTATIVE

PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE•PREVENTATIVE:

•THIS INVOLVES REPLACING PARTS AND

CONSUMABLES OR MAKING NECESSARY

ADJUSTMENTS AT INTERVALS NORMALLY SET BY

THE MANUFACTURER, THIS SHOULD ENSURE THERE

ARE NO HAZARDS BEING CREATED BY COMPONENT

DETERIORATION OR FAILURE. VEHICLES ARE

NORMALLY MAINTAINED ON THIS BASIS.

PLAN

EXECUTE

REPORT

ANALYSE

MAINTAIN

STANDARDS

MAINTENANCE

LIFECYCLE

CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE•CONDITION BASED

MAINTENANCE INVOLVES

MONITORING THE CONDITION

OF CRITICAL PARTS AND

CARRYING OUT MAINTENANCE

WHENEVER NECESSARY TO

AVOID HAZARDS WHICH

COULD OTHERWISE OCCUR.

BREAKDOWN BASED MAINTENANCE• HERE MAINTENANCE IS ONLY CARRIED OUT WHEN FAULTS OR

FAILURES HAVE OCCURRED. THIS IS ONLY ACCEPTABLE IF THE

FAILURE DOES NOT PRESENT AN IMMEDIATE HAZARD AND CAN

BE CORRECTED BEFORE THE RISK IS INCREASED.

• IF FOR EXAMPLE A BEARING OVERHEATING CAN BE DETECTED

BY A MONITORING DEVICE, IT CAN BE ACCEPTABLE TO WAIT

FOR THE OVERHEATING TO OCCUR AS LONG AS THE EQUIPMENT

CAN BE STOPPED AND REPAIRS CARRIED OUT BEFORE THE

FAULT BECOMES DANGEROUS TO ANYONE. This bearing failure is not acceptable

MAINTENANCE SUMMARY• IN THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH AND

SAFETY, MAINTENANCE IS NOT

CONCERNED WITH OPERATIONAL

EFFICIENCY BUT ONLY WITH

AVOIDING RISKS TO PEOPLE. ITS

THEREFORE ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE

THAT MAINTENANCE WORK CAN BE

CARRIED OUT SAFELY.

THIS WILL INVOLVE • COMPETENT WELL TRAINED MAINTENANCE PEOPLE;

• THE EQUIPMENT BEING MADE SAFE FOR MAINTENANCE WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT;

• NORMAL SAFE GUARDS MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT, OPERATING AND MAINTAINING BEING SO

DIFFERENT;

• IT COULD INVOLVE GOING BEHIND GUARDS TO REPAIR, LUBRICATE, ADJUST;

• THESE COULD BE DESIGNED OUT BY AUTOMATION AND CAREFUL DESIGN;

•MAKING EQUIPMENT SAFE WILL USUALLY INVOLVE ISOLATION, LOCK OFF PROCEDURE WAITING

TIMES FOR COOLING OR WARMING OR SYSTEM COMPLETION IF IN THE MIDDLE OF A PROCESS

[PERMITS TO WORK OR AUTHORISATION]

SAFE SYSTEMS OF WORK

•SAFE SYSTEMS SUCH AS PERMITS OR AUTHORISATIONS TO WORK ARE NECESSARY TO

KEEP EQUIPMENT SAFE TO BE ABLE TO CARRY OUT MAINTENANCE TASKS SAFELY AND

THIS PROCESS SHOULD ENSURE ALL SAFETY CRITICAL TASKS AND PROCESSES HAVE

PRECAUTIONS IN PLACE TO PREVENT INJURY;

•CORRECT TOOLS AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT BEING AVAILABLE TO PERFORM THE

MAINTENANCE WORK WITHOUT RISKS TO PEOPLE, LIKE SPECIAL LIGHTING OR

VENTILATION MAY BE REQUIRED.

PUWER• INSPECTIONS UNDER PUWER

• COMPLEX EQUIPMENT AND/OR HIGH RISK EQUIPMENT WILL PROBABLY NEED A MAINTENANCE

LOG AND MAY REQUIRE A MORE RIGID INSPECTION REGIME TO ENSURE CONTINUED SAFE

OPERATION, PUWER 1998. REG 6

• PUWER REQUIRES WHERE SAFETY IS DEPENDENT ON THE INSTALLATION CONDITIONS AND/OR

THE WORK EQUIPMENT IS EXPOSED TO CONDITIONS CAUSING DETERIORATION, WHICH MAY

RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT RISK AND A DANGEROUS SITUATION DEVELOPING, THAT THE

EQUIPMENT IS INSPECTED BY A COMPETENT PERSON, THIS MAY BE AN EMPLOYEE, BUT THERE

MIGHT BE CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE AN OUTSIDE COMPETENT PERSON WOULD BE REQUIRED.

PUWER•THE INSPECTION MUST BE DONE:

•AFTER INSTALLATION FOR THE FIRST TIME;

•AFTER ASSEMBLY AT A NEW SITE OR IN A NEW

LOCATION AND THEREAFTER;

•AT SUITABLE INTERVALS;

• EACH TIME EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES OCCUR

WHICH COULD AFFECT SAFETY.

PUWER• THE INSPECTION UNDER PUWER WILL VARY FROM SIMPLE VISUAL INSPECTION TO A DETAILED

COMPREHENSIVE INSPECTION, WHICH MAY INCLUDE SOME DISMANTLING AND/OR TESTING;

• THE LEVEL OF INSPECTION REQUIRED WOULD NORMALLY BE LESS RIGOROUS OR INTRUSIVE

THAN THOROUGH EXAMINATIONS UNDER THE LIFTING OPERATION LIFTING EQUIPMENT

REGULATIONS [LOLER 98], BUT FOR CERTAIN EQUIPMENT LIKE BOILERS OR AIR RECEIVERS

THESE WOULD BE COVERED BY PRESSURE SYSTEMS SAFETY REGULATIONS 2000, WHICH ALSO

INVOLVES THOROUGH EXAMINATIONS;

• INSPECTIONS UNDER PROVISION AND USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS [PUWER 98]

WOULD ONLY BE NEEDED IN THESE CASES IF THE EXAMINATIONS DID NOT COVER ALL THE

SIGNIFICANT HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS THAT ARE LIKELY TO ARISE.

PUWER SUMMARY SLIDES

• “WORK EQUIPMENT IS ANY MACHINERY, APPLIANCE, APPARATUS OR TOOL, WHICH

MAY BE INSTALLED FOR USE AT WORK” PUWER 1998

•SO WHAT DOES USE MEAN ?

•STOPPING AND STARTING EQUIPMENT

•REPAIR MODIFICATION

•MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

•Is the equipment suitable for safe working ?

PUWER CHECKLIST

•Has the equipment been maintained properly ?

•Have the employees been trained ?

•Are they authorised to use the equipment ?

•Adequate information and instructions available ?

•Have Dangerous parts been guarded to prevent Access or Danger ?

•Does all your equipment conform to EC standards or essential safety requirements ?

BARRY TRAINING SERVICES

BARRY TRAINING SERVICES

•PLAN: THINK ABOUT HOW YOU MANAGE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN YOUR WORKPLACE AND

ENSURE IT HAPPENS

•DO: PRIORITISE AND CONTROL YOUR RISKS, CONSULT YOUR EMPLOYEES AND PROVIDE

TRAINING AND INFORMATION

•CHECK: MEASURE WHERE YOU ARE HOW YOU ARE DOING

•ACT: REVIEW YOUR PERFORMANCE AND FROM YOUR EXPERIENCE

THANK YOU

•COMMITTED TO TRAINING YOU

SAFELY

•ANY QUESTIONS ?