women freedom fighter.ppt

8/14/2019 Women Freedom Fighter.ppt

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA,MUZAFFARPUR

Role of Women in Freedom struggle of India

Social Science


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Women of the freedom struggle

India has for a long time produced of most as feckless female

as she did male ones. Unlike in most other civilizations and

contrary to popular belief, Indian women played politically and

socially important roles since times unknown. HERE is a look

at a few such forgotten women heroes of the Indian freedomstruggle.

Womens participation in Indias freedom struggle began as

early as 1817 when BHIMA BAI HOLKAR fought bravely

against thebritish colonel and defeated them in gorilla warfare.In 1824 rani Channama of kittur resisted armed might of the

east indian company. The role played by women in the Great

Revilt of 1987 invited the administration even leaders of the

revolt Rani of Ramgarh, Rani Jindan Kaur etc. daringly led

their troops into the battlefield.


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Kamala Nehru
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Kamala Nehru

Kamala Nehru was the wife of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Brought up

in a traditional Hindu Brahminfamily, she felt alienated amongst themore Westernized Nehru`s. It was only with the involvement of theNehru`s in the national movement, did she emerge into the forefront.Kamala Nehru gave full support to her husband in his desire to workactively for the freedom struggle. In the Non Cooperation movementof 1921, she organized groups of women in Allahabad and picketedshops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband wasarrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, shewent in his place to read it out. She was twice arrested by Britishauthorities.She played a prominent part in organizing the No TaxCampaign in United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh). Kamala Nehrutook part in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Among otheractivities, Kamala set up a hospital in the premises of Swaraj

Bhavan. She defied the advice of doctors, family and friends to leadprocessions, picket foreign cloth shops and visited women in theirhomes to convince them to join the struggle for Independence.Kamala Nehru and her associates wore only khadi clothes andmade bonfires of imported goods. As Kamala was the member ofDesh Sevika Sangh, she joined others in picketing foreign clothshops
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Sister Nivedita
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Sister Nivedita

Her real name was Miss Margaret Noble. Sister Nivedita was oneof the hosts of foreign women who were attracted towards SwamiVivekananda and Hindu philosophy. Born in Ireland on 28October 1867, she arrived in India in January 1898, in search oftruth. She was impressed by the ideals of Womanhood in India.She once remarked that India was the land of great women. She,however, felt that Indian women needed, to cultivate amongthemselves a wider and broader concept of the nation, so thatthey could participate along with men in building a free andstrong nation. She propagated for the cause of India throughout

America and Europe. Swami Vivekananda described her as areal Lioness. Rabindranath Tagore regarded her as Lok-Mata

whose name is very familiar in Bengal. Her writings on Indianhistory and philosophy, on religious customs, festivals, herlectures on multi faceted subjects, her travel interactions witheminent persons have given a new depth, and added a newdimension, to the socio-cultural history of India.
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Lakshmibai

Lakshmibai Rani of Jhansi (1835-1858), a leader of the Indian

Mutiny of 1857. Born in varanasi in nothern India, Lakshmibai was

married to Gangadhar Rao, the ruler of Jhansi. The Raja died in

1853, learning no direct male their, but had adopted a son without

the consent of the British East India Company. Lord Dalhousieannexed the state under doctrineof lapse, incurring ranisemmity.

When Jhansi fell, she joined the rebel leader Jantia Tope to fight at

Kalpi. When Kalphi, too, fell to the British, they escaped to the forest

and captured gwalor fort in, 1858. Here, supported by the Gwalior

forces, she continued to fight the British until shot dead during abattle close to the fort. She Romanticized as a heroine and freedom

fighter, and apparently gaining the respect of her enemies for her

bravery. She resulted in considerable loss of life and frutalities on

both sides.


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Sarojini Naidu

Naidu, Sarojini (1879-1949), Indian poet and prominentfigure in the Indian independence struggle. Naidu wasborn into a Bengali Brahmin family in Hyderabad, India;her father was a scientist and her mother a poet, andshe grew up surrounded by artists, intellectuals, and

revolutionaries. A brilliant student, she entered MadrasUniversity at the age of 12, about which time, also, shebegan to write poetry. In 1895, she was sent to England,studying at King's College, London and Girton College,Cambridge, before a breakdown in health forced her to

abandon her studies and return home. During thisperiod, nevertheless, she came into contact with some ofthe great literary figures of the day, and formed particularfriendships with Edmund Gosse and Arthur Symons.


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On her return to India in 1898, she married GovindarajuluNaidu, a non-Brahmin. She soon came into contact withGopal Krishna Gokhale, Jawaharlal Nehru, MohandasGandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, and Annie Besant.

Encouraged by Gokhale, she entered politics and, with herremarkable powers of oratory, soon emerged as anadmired leader. She campaigned vigorously for women'srights and for improvement in the conditions of workers. Illhealth took her back to England, where she was fired bythe enthusiasm of the young Muhammad Ali Jinnah, then

an ardent Indian nationalist who had founded the LondonIndian Students' Association. By 1918, after the death ofGokhale and her meeting with Gandhi, she had become animportant figure in the nationalist movement, activelyparticipating in Gandhi's civil disobedience campaign and

travelling widely across the country promoting Hindu-Muslim unity and the nationalist cause as well ascontinuing her fight for the rights of women and thedepressed classes. In 1919, she returned to London aspart of the Home Rule Deputation, becoming involved inthe woman suffrage movement while there. During the

1920s she travelled to South Africa and representedGandhi in the United States.


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In 1925, Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian woman to beelected President of the Indian National Congress. She tookpart in the round table conferences in London in the 1930sand, continuing her active participation in Gandhi'ssatyagrahas, was jailed on several occasions by the British.Deeply disappointed by the partition of India withindependence, ending her hopes for Hindu-Muslim unity,and by the assassination of Gandhi, she neverthelessaccepted the Governorship of United Provinces (now UttarPradesh), a post she held till her death in 1949 at Lucknow.Her published poetic works include The Golden Threshold(1905), The Bird of Time(1912), The Broken Wing(1917),

Selected Poems(1930), The Sceptred Flute(1937, editionwith introduction by Joseph Auslander), and The Feather ofthe Dawn(1961). Many of her speeches have also beenpublished.


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Annie BesantBritish Mystic Annie Besantworked in the Indian Nationalistmovement in India. From 1907 to 1933 she was President

of the Theosophical Society, a mystical organization that

followed elements of Eastern religions.


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Annie Besant

Besant, Annie (1847-1933), British theosophist andnationalist leader in India, born in London. Besantbecame interested in socialist and free-thoughtmovements early on, and wrote pamphlets defending

them. She became closely associated with the Britishsocial reformer Charles Bradlaugh and later with theFabian Society. She and Bradlaugh republished an oldpamphlet, The Fruits of Philosophy, which advocatedbirth control; for this, they were brought to trial on a

charge of obscenity. In 1889 she joined theTheosophical Society, serving as president from 1907until her death.


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Shortly after joining the society Besant moved to India,

where she later became a leader of a Hindu nationalistmovement. She founded Central Hindu College atVrnasi in 1898 and organized the Indian Home RuleLeague, becoming president in 1916. She was electedpresident of the Indian National Congress in 1917, and

general secretary of the National Convention of India in1923. Besant lectured frequently on theosophy and in1926 travelled widely with her Indian protg JidduKrishnamurti, whom she declared to be the newMessiah. Her works include Reincarnation (1892), The

Basis of Morality (1915), A World Religion (1916), andIndia, Bond or Free?(1926).


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Aruna Asaf Ali


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Aruna Asaf Ali was born as Aruna Ganguly on July 16 1908 at Kalka

(Haryana) in an orthodox Hindu Bengali family. Aruna Asaf Ali was a

legendary heroine of India`s freedom struggle. Her first major political

action was during the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 when she addressed public

meetings and led processions. British Government charged her for being a"vagrant" and sentenced her to one year`s imprisonment. When political

prisoners were released in the aftermath of Gandhi-Irwin pact, Aruna was

not released. But a public agitation in favour of her release, forced British

government to release her. She was again arrested in 1932 and put in Tihar

Jail. In Tihar Jail she went on a hunger strike against the treatment done

towards political prisoners. Her protest caused an improvement in

conditions, but she herself was moved to lonely imprisonment in Ambala.

Aruna Asaf Ali was a dedicated sociologist. She was elected the first Mayor

of Delhi. She devoted her entire life for the betterment of the country without

any selfish means. Her contribution in liberating Goa had tremendousimpact in achieving the freedom for Goans. She was a true patriot. The

Bharat Ratna was honoured to Aruna Asaf Ali with a stamp issued by the

Indian Postal Service in 1998.
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Madam Bhikaji Cama
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Madam Cama was born on 24th September 1861 to rich Parsi parents.

Young Bhikaji received good English education, but from the beginningshe was a rebel, and a nationalist. She had good flair to learn

languages and became expert in arguing her country`s cause in

different circles at a young age. She fought for the freedom of the

country till the last in her own way, and helped many revolutionaries

with money and materials. Madame Bhikaji always believed that British

had looted India, and practiced worst form of imperialism. She had

thousand and one reasons to show how India was kept in abject poverty

by the British to help them to become the most powerful country in the

world of that period. Bhikaji Cama always stood for swaraj or self-rule.

She fought for unity of Hindus and Muslims. She continued financing

revolutionaries in and out of India. British were not happy with heractivities and there was a plan to finish her off. Madam Cama also

fought for the cause of women. She published many books on Indian

freedom struggle, which had writings against the British rule

Madam Bhikaji Cama
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Sister of JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU, and leader ofCONGRESS party of India. Mrs. Pandit was first

women to having been appointed minister in the

political history of India.


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Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Vijayalakshmi came from a prominent family. Her father MotilalNehru was the president of Congress, and brother Jawaharlal Nehruwent on to become India`s Prime Minister. She was inspired by thepersona of Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansiand impressed by SarojiniNaidu. She entered the Non Co-operation Movement to fight againstthe British rule. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit represented India in many of

the conferences abroad. She was present in San Francisco whenthe U.N first met there. She attended numerous public lectures andchallenged the British dominated delegates rights to represent Indiatherein. National and international affairs were part of the air shebreathed at home and her own interest in these woke up early. Atthe age of sixteen she wanted to join Annie Besant`s Home RuleLeague but being too young, she was only allowed to enroll as avolunteer. She was a great fighter and took parts in many of thefreedom movement. She was elected to Uttar PradeshAssembly in1936. The political career made her India`s first women cabinetminister in 1937.
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