WMO Climate and Water Department

WMO

WIS Common Alerting Protocol (CAP, X.1303) Implementation Workshop

7 – 8 April 2011, Geneva, Switzerland

Hydrology and Water Resources ProgrammeWMO

CAP and Flood Forecasting

Extreme event

Disaster

Bad land use planning and

elevated exposure

Lack of information

and preparedness

Flood Risk mitigation: from theory to practice

Flood Forecasting

IWRM, IFM, Land use planning, Basin Management

Early warnings, emergency plans, outreach and education

Response to floods

Pre-flood

During flood

Post-flood

CFMC coordination

Population activities Alert

Flood types• Riverine floods• Pluvial floods• Flash floods• Debris and mud flows• Glacial lake outburst• Coastal flooding• Storm surges• Ground water• Lake overflows• Ice jams• Dam failure• Levee breaches

FFGSFlash Flood Guidance System

• Implemented in Central America as the CAFFG system (operational since 2004)

• Prospectus available at http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/hwrp/documents/FFGS4-May-2007.pdf

Joint Proposal by WMO (CHy and CBS) in collaboration with HRC, USAID and US NWS

Designed to be incorporated into NMHS operations and used along with other available data, systems, tools, and local knowledge to aid in determining the near-term risk of a flash flood in small streams and basins.

For more information: ATyagi@wmo.int

Definition

Used with meteorological forecasts and nowcasts of same-duration rainfall over these basins, leads to the estimation of flash flood threat (the amount of rainfall of a given duration in excess of the corresponding flash flood guidance value) for these small basins.

FFG: Amount of rainfall of a given duration over a small basin needed to create minor flooding (bankfull) conditions at the outlet of the basin.

Calculate diagnostic indices used to evaluate the potential for flash flooding

FFGS - Implementation

Data, Communications, and Data Analyses Center

Regional Centers

Data, Communications, and Data Analyses Center

Data, Communications, and Data Analyses Center

NMHS NMHS NMHS NMHS NMHS

Flash flood warnings

Community Flood Management Programme (CFMP) in South Asia:

• Succesfully implemented and tested in the 2004 floods

Implementing institutions:•Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP) Dhaka•Institute for Resource Management and Economic Development (IRMED), New Delhi•Jalstrot Vikas Sanstha (JVS), Kathmandu

Pilot Phase (Bangladesh, India, Nepal) - WMO/GWP APFM

CFMP Pilot phase: the purposes

•Assemble information on community-level coping strategies emplyed traditionally through interactions with the people•Analyze flood management activities and practices at the community level

•Assess the community level and magnitude of perception of flood as a risk•Prepare a community flood management manual

APFM Project Objectives: From concept to field demonstration

Objective 1: To provide support for the adoption of an integrated approach to flood management

Objective 2: To provide Advocacy and Capacity Building for Integrated Flood Management (Tools, Trainings, Presentation Material)

Objective 3: To Provide Support for Field Demonstration Projects 

Objective 4: Provide Strategic advice on flood management through a HelpDesk

The need for standardsThe need for standards

• Sharing of hydrological data is somewhat ad-hoc, based largely on ad-hoc formats, CSV files and FTP

• Leads to very inefficient (or non-existent) transfer and sharing of data

• Sharing requires a lot of transformation effort on the behalf of the data requestor

– Parse different file formats

– Understand the concepts

– Metadata is often limited or non-existent, requiring follow up conversations

: JAN RESERVOIR DATA 900 AM CST THU MAR 28 1985

.B JAN 0328 C DH06/HP/HW/PP/QT

: STN ID POOL TAILW PCPN DISCH K CFS

JSNM6 295.71 / 259.51 / 0.50 / 4.300 : BARNETT

DNNM6 410.1 / 330.3 / .31 / : BAY SPRINGS L&D

ABEM6 190.1 / 163.6 / .17 / : ABERDEEN L&D

CBUM6 163.5 / 137.1 / .39 / : COLUMBUS L&D

ARKM6 210.1 / / .07 / .650 : ARKABUTLA

SRDM6 242.8 / / .10 / .250 : SARDIS

ENDM6 235.1 / / .37 / .100 : ENID

GRNM6 197.6 / / .70 / .100 : GRENADA

BMDA4 / / 0.00 / 6.393 : BLAKELY, AR

DGDA4 / / .10 / 2.634 : DEGRAY, AR

NARA4 / / 0.00 / 1.244 : NARROWS, AR

.END

The need for harmonisationThe need for harmonisation

• A number of initiatives exist to develop standards for water observation data:– WaterML1.0, 1.1

– WDTF, WOML

– CAP

– XHydro

– UK Environmental Agencies time series transfer format

– SANDRE

– ...;

• A lot of commonalities exist between the standards– Partial duplication of effort

– Inconsistencies across the standards

– Hard to re-use tools

• Potential for a harmonised, re-usable information model– Define common semantics of concepts

Use of CAP for flood forecasting

• Link forecasters and users• Bridging between hydrologist and disaster

managers• Hydro and meteo alerts at once• Quantifying the level of risk• Making it undersatndable in different contexts• Not yet widely adopted (national standards

prevail)

Thank you

A common situationA common situation

Need flow data!

Hmm maybe Don can help…

*RING RING*

Hi Don, I need some upper Derwent flow readings for my geochemical model. Any ideas?

Don

Hmm, I’ve got one site. I’ll send it through…

10 minutes…

To: Jack01/02/09, 3.2, 3, 101/02/09, 3.1, 3, 1

10 minutes…*RING RING*

Ok. Got the data. Where is the site located?

Oh, it’s at laughing jack bridge.

Coordinates?

Ummm. (papers shuffle)147.123 -41.588

What reference system??I think it’s GDA94

Ok. What sensor is used?It’s calculated from the stream gauge reading using a rating curve..

Oh…how accurate is that?

Umm......

DON?

Hydro Jack

*CLICK*

The future?The future?

Hydro Jack

Laughing Jack Bridge 147.123 -41.588 (AGD66)Upper Derwent RiverObserved properties: River level, River Flow, Rainfall

River Flow--Measured by Sontek Acoustic Doppler Sensor (ID232)--Accuracy: +/- 0.02 --Installed: 01/04/2012

Need flow data!