Baklava for the Effendi! The linguistic heritage of the Ottoman Empire

in Egypt and in Serbia in comparison

Helmut Satzinger, University of ViennaDanijela Stefanović, University of Belgrade

EGYPT AND AUSTRIA XI: IN SEARCH OF THE ORIENT

Selim I (1517 – 22 September 1520)

Yunus PashaIn office: January 30, 1517 – September 13, 1517

Suleiman I (6 November 1494 – 7 September 1566)

Battle of the PyramidsFrançois-Louis-Joseph Watteau (1758–1823)

The Revolt of Cairo against French occupationAnne-Louis Girodet-Trioson (1767-1824)

Muhammad Ali by Auguste Couder (1789-1873)

Karađorđe PetrovićGrand Leader (Veliki Vožd) from 14 February 1804 to 21 September 1813

The Liberation of Belgrade in 1806by Katarina Ivanović (1811-1882)

The Uprising at Takovo in 1815by Paja Jovanović (1859 – 1957)

Miloš Obrenović (1780–1860)

The Bajrakli Mosque in BelgradeIt was built around 1575, nowadays this is the only mosque in the city out of

the 273 that had existed during the Ottoman rule of Serbia.

Three Languages involved:

Ottoman Turkish

TURKIC

ALTAIC

Rich in vowels —

vowel harmony:

Front: e i ö ü

Back: a ı o u

Sibilants

s, z

š = ş

ž = j

č = ç

dž = c

h

No ḫ [x]!

Final stops become

voiceless

Egyptian Arabic

SEMITIC

AFRO-ASIATIC

Poor in vowels:

a i u

ā ī ū

ē < ay, ō < aw

“Emphatic” consonants:

ṣ, ṭ, ḍ, ẓ

Laryngeal consonants:

ˁ, ḥ

Velar fricatives:

ġ, ḫ

{Uvular stop: q = ḳ}

No č [c], no ǧ [ɉ]!

Serbian

SLAVIC

INDO-EUROPEAN

Not rich in vowels:

a ɛ i ɔ u

Absent Turkish vowels:

ö ü ı

Serbian sibilants:

s z c

š ž č dž

ć đ

h [x]

is often suppressed

“Turkish” vs. “Turkic”

ACCENT

Turkish: accent usually on last syllable

Egyptian Arabic: accent on last long syllable, otherwise on last but one

Gîza, Saqqâra, Armánt, …

Serbian: complex pitch accent, at any rate not on last syllable

SCRIPT

Ottoman Turkish: in Ottoman Arabic script

Egyptian Arabic, Classical Arabic: in Arabic script الخط العربىSerbian: in Serbian Cyrillic (from 1818); parallel also in Latin script (from 1914)

ћирилица // ćirilica латиница //latinica

Mod. Turkish Serbian Egn. Arabic English + Remarks

pilav pilav filāw pilau; from Persian

çorba čorba šurba soup

meze meze mazza appetizer

baklava baklava baqlāwa baklawa; not from Arabic

helva alva ḥalwā helvah; Arabic, something

very sweet.

rahat lokum rahat lokum rāḥit il-ḥulqūm ‘Turkish delight’

(ratluk)

Mod. Turkish Serbian Egn. Arabic English + Remarks

karanfil karanfil qurunfil carnation : clove

(karanfilić)

kahve kafa qahwa coffee; from Arabic

cezve džezva But: kánaka Turkish coffee pot

from Persian tan(a)ka ‘tank’

çay čaj šāy tea; from Northern

Chinese

Mod. Turkish Serbian Egn. Arabic English + Remarks

fincan fildžan fingān mocca cup; Persian

finǧān; ClassArab. finǧāl)

sofra sofra ṣofra dining table (cf. ṣofrâgi)

şerbet šerbet šarbāt, šarāb sherbet, sorbet, caudle

Arabic šariba ‘he drank’

taze tàze ṭāza, tāza fresh; from Persian

patliçan patlidžan But: bidingān / bāðinǧān egg plant

salata salata sálaṭa salad; from

Venetian salata?

Mod. Turkish Serbian Egn. Arabic English + Remarks

furun furuna furn oven; from Ital./Venet. forno

papuc, papuş papuče babūg slippers

kaftan kaftan qufṭān kaftan; from Persian

defter tefter daftar copybook

boya boja buyā paint

boyacı bojadžija buyagi painter

köprü ćuprija kubri bridge

tamam, taman taman tamām perfect, full, o.k.; from the

Arabic

zembil zembilj zanbīl basket; from Persian

kilim ćilim kilīm kelim; from Persian

pekmez ‘molasses’ pekmez bikmīz jam

burma ‘circle’ burma ‘wedding ring’ burmā ring, screw

Cf. Arabic barama ‘he went around’

SOME BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Erich Prokosch (1983). Osmanisches Wortgut im Ägyptisch-Arabischen. Berlin(Islamkundliche Untersuchungen Band 78).

Abdulah Škaljić (1966). Turcizmi u srpsko-hrvatskom jeziku.

Марија С. Ђинђић (2013). Турцизми у савременом српском књижевном језику (семантичко-деривациона анализа). Докторска дисертација Београд.

Marija S. Đinđić (2013). Turcizmi u savremenom srpskom književnom jeziku (semantičko-derivaciona analiza). Doktorska disertacija Beograd.

[Turkish loanwords in the modern Serbian literary language (semantic-derivational analysis). Doctoral dissertation Belgrade.]