winkles and the origin of species
TRANSCRIPT
The Environment InstituteThe Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity
ACEBB Seminar Series
Winkles and the origin of speciesProfessor Roger Butlin
Winkles and the origin of species
Roger ButlinThe University of Sheffield
Ernst Haeckel 1866 Ernst Haeckel 1906
Barton et al. 2007
Species 1Species 2
Time
Spac
e
Species 1Species 2
Species 1Species 2
Chorthippus parallelus
Species 1Species 2
Bombina variegata
Bombina bombina
Species 1Species 2
Jones lab
Drosophila simulans
Species 1Species 2
Wu 2001
Species 1Species 2
What initiates the evolution of reproductive isolation?
What completes the evolution of reproductive isolation?
What drives the increase in reproductive isolation?
Spatial context Driving force Genetic basis
Initiation
Increase
Completion
Sympatric
Parapatric
Allopatric
Chance (mutation, drift, hybridisation)Natural selection
Sexual selection
Genetic vs non-genetic
Intrinsic vs extrinsic
One-gene, one-allele, two-allele
Restricted recombination
Butlin et al. 2008
‘H’
‘M’
Thornwick Bay
Littorina saxatilis
Roger Butlin
Independent gradients in Spain and Sweden
Emilio Rolan-AlvarezUniversity of Vigo
LOWER MID UPPER
SU RB
S (sheltered)
E (exposed)
Kerstin Johannesson, Göteborg University
Spatial context Driving force Genetic basis
Initiation Sympatry? Natural selection ??
Increase Parapatry Natural selection ??
Completion Parapatry Reinforcement? ??
Scale dependent!
Sympatric and parallel or allopatric and interdependent?
Quesada et al. 2007 Evolution
290 AFLP loci0.01
88
Filey H
Robin Hood’s Bay 2
Robin Hood’s Bay 1
Old Peak MFiley M
Thornwick Bay M
87
99
9076
Old Peak H
Thornwick Bay H
Old Peak H vs M
D20D26D19 E12
A11B15
E41
E10
D27
D6B19A18
A37F61a F11
-0.10
0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Allele frequency
FST
Wilding et al. 2001
All loci 15 ‘selected’ loci removed0.01
88
Filey H
Robin Hood’s Bay 2
Robin Hood’s Bay 1
Old Peak MFiley M
Thornwick Bay M
87
99
9076
6781
Filey H
Filey MOld Peak H
Old Peak M
Robin Hood’s Bay 2
Robin Hood’s Bay 1
Thornwick Bay M
Thornwick Bay H
0.01
73
99
99
Old Peak H
Thornwick Bay H
Sympatric and parallel or allopatric and interdependent?
Petri Kempainnen thesisAll SS have haplotype 1regardless of locality!
‘H’
‘M’
Littorina saxatilis
Most differentiated (E10)
Not differentiated, control (A30)
Differentiated (E12)Weakly differentiated (A37)
BAC library
Wilding et al 2001Grahame et al 2006
Predicted gene
AFLPRegion sequenced
A
B
C
D
5.3 * 3.0 4.3 * 0 11.8 6.9 * 6.2 4.2 * 6.0 kb
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
E10
L3
E10
L0
E10
L4
E12
L2
E12
AF
LP
E12
L0
E12
L6
A37
L2
A37
L1
A37
L3
A30
L2
A30
L0
A30
L3
Mea
n D
a OP-TB
H-M
FST=0.00FST=0.12FST=0.32FST=0.54
E10L0
-200
204060
78 107
159
inde
l 197
-590
inde
l 553 60
3
617
669
680
702
726
756
803
806
925
929
Position
% v
aria
tion
H-M
Sites
AFLP
120kb 130kb 140kb
E10L0 E10L1
Similar to tetraspanin 3A of Drosophila Conserved protein of unknown function
Pea aphid host races on clover and alfalfaVia and West (2008)
454 – based genome scan
Old Peak
Thornwick Bay
Old Peak
Thornwick Bay
H
M
- 15 individuals / sample- RNA extraction (whole body)
De novo assembly M H M +
Hn reads 159,951 138,677 298,628n bases 30.8 Mb 27. 4 Mb 58.2 Mb
n contigs 16,024 13,695 25,134n contigs
(> 500 bp) 717 811 1,781
Average (bp) 687 713 751
Largest (bp) 2,382 2,003 3,438
Juan Galindo
Divergent SNPs
*
Outlier (P<0.05 by simulation with ‘Winkle454’)Significant after SGoF correction (http://webs.uvigo.es/acraaj/SGoF.htm)Significant after Benjamini-Hochberg correction
2454 SNPs in 572 contigs 510 SNPs in 197 contigs
• Food and parasites!• Transposable elements?• Some interesting proteins…
Shell formationLithostatineMucinDermatopontin
Muscle physiologyMyosinTitin
Energetic metabolismArginine kinaseNADH dehydrogenase
Spatial context Driving force Genetic basis
Initiation Parapatry? Natural selection Many loci?
Increase ParapatryConcerted?
Natural selection Many loci?
Completion Parapatry Reinforcement? ??
John Grahame, Craig Wilding, Henry Wood and Juan Galindo – Littorina
NERC and BBSRC – cash
Thanks!
This sketch is most imperfect; but in so short a space I cannot make it better. Your imagination must fill up very wide blanks.
Darwin, 1858
The Environment InstituteThe Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity
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