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TWO – WAY RADIO FAILURE

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REFERENCES

• FAR 91.185

• Flight Information Handbook, Section A

• AIM, Section 6-4-1

• Individual Aircraft ATMs

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TASK 1032

Perform radio communications procedures

CONDITIONS: In a H-60 or OH-58 helicopter

STANDARDS:

d. Perform two-way radio failure procedures per the DOD FLIP or host-nation regulations.

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• VMC PROCEDURES

• IMC PROCEDURES

• QUESTIONS

TWO – WAY RADIO FAILURE

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TWO – WAY RADIO FAILURE

Your safety and that of your crew depends upon knowing and executing the published two-way radio failure procedures.

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TWO – WAY RADIO FAILURE

During two-way radio communications failure, when confronted with a situation not covered in the regulation, pilots are expected to exercise good judgment in whatever action they elect to take.

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Should the situation so dictate they should not be reluctant to use the emergency action contained in FAR part 91.3(b).

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FAR PART 91.3(b).

Sec. 91.3 Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command.

a) The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.aircraft.

b)b) In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency.the extent required to meet that emergency.

c) Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule under Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule under paragraph (b) of this section shall, upon the request of the paragraph (b) of this section shall, upon the request of the Administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator.Administrator.

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If an aircraft with a coded radar beacon transponder experiences a loss of two-way radio capability, the pilot should adjust the transponder to reply on mode 3/A, code 7600.

TRANSPONDER OPERATION:

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Pilots can expect ATC to attempt to communicate by transmitting on guard frequencies and available frequencies of voice transmission capable NAVAIDS.

TWO – WAY RADIO FAILURE

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VMC

• If able to maintain flight in VMC, continue flight under VFR, land as soon as practicable and notify ATC.

It is not intended that the requirement to “land as soon as practicable” be construed to mean “as soon as possible.”

TWO – WAY RADIO FAILURE

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VMC

• The pilot retains his prerogative of exercising his best judgment and is not required to land:

1) At an unauthorized airport

2) At an airport unsuitable for the type of aircraft flown

3) Only minutes short of his destination

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VMC

• The primary objective of this provision is to preclude extended IFR operations in the ATC system in VMC.

• When operating “on top” and unable to descend VMC prior to destination, the IMC procedures apply.

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IMC

If VMC is not encountered, continue flight according to the following:

2 – WAY RADIO FAILURE

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Route Priorities (4):

1. By the route assigned in the last ATC clearance received.

2. If being radar vectored, by the direct route from the point of radio failure to the fix, route, or airway specified in the vector clearance.

2 – WAY RADIO FAILURE

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Route Priorities (4) con’t:

3. In the absence of an assigned route, by the route that ATC has advised may be expected in a further clearance.

4. In the absence of an assigned route or a route that ATC has advised may be expected in a further clearance, by the route filed in the flight plan.

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EXPECT FURTHER CLEARANCE (EFC)

Explanation of EFC:

• EFC time: (applies to holding).– The time a pilot can expect to receive clearance beyond a clearance

limit.

• EFC via: (applies to routing).

– EFC Via (Airways, Routes Or Fixes)

– Used to inform a pilot of the routing he can expect if any part of the route beyond a short range clearance limit differs from that filed.

– Never accept a clearance limit that is both: short of the destination, and off the flight plan route, unless the clearance includes an EFC via.

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Altitude Priorities (3):

• For the route segment being flown, the highest of:

1) The altitude or flight level assigned in the last ATC clearance received;

2) The minimum altitude for IFR operations; or

3) The altitude or flight level ATC has advised may be expected in a further clearance.

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Intent of the altitude rule:

1. Select the appropriate altitude for the particular route segment being flown.

2. Make the necessary altitude adjustments for subsequent route segments.

3. If the pilot received an "expect further clearance" containing a higher altitude to expect at a specified time or fix, maintain the highest of the following altitudes until that time/fix:

(1) the last assigned altitude, or(2) the minimum altitude/flight level for IFR

operations.

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• If the radio failure occurs after the time/fix specified, the altitude to be expected is not applicable ...

Intent of the rule:

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FAR 91.177:

1. On a published route:– the MEA, or– within 22 NM of the VOR, the MOCA.

2. On an unpublished route:– 1,000 AHO within 4 NM in non-mountainous

terrain, or– 2,000 AHO within 4 NM in mountainous terrain.

WHAT IS MIN ALT FOR IFR OPS?

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LEAVE CLEARANCE LIMIT

• When clearance limit is a fix from which an approach begins:

– commence descent or descent and approach as close as possible to the EFC time if one has been received,

– or if one has not been received, as close as possible to the ETA as calculated from the filed or amended (with ATC) ETE.

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LEAVE CLEARANCE LIMIT

• If the clearance limit is not a fix from which an approach begins:

– leave the clearance limit at the EFC time if one has been received, or ...

– if none has been received, upon arrival over the clearance limit, and proceed to a fix from which an approach begins and commence descent or descent and approach as close as possible to the ETA as calculated from the filed or amended (with ATC) ETE.

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RADAR APPROACHES

• Initiate lost communications procedures if no transmissions are received for approximately:

– one minute while being vectored to final

– 15 seconds while on ASR final

– five seconds while on PAR final.

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RADAR APPROACHES

• Attempt contact on:

– a secondary frequency

– the previously assigned frequency

– the tower frequency, or

– guard.

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RADAR APPROACHES

• If unable to re- establish communications and unable to maintain VMC, proceed with a published IAP or previously coordinated instructions.

• Change transponder to appropriate code.

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RADAR APPROACHES

• Maintain the last assigned altitude or the minimum safe/sector altitude (emergency safe altitude if more than 25 NM out), whichever is higher, until established on a segment of the published approach.

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QUESTIONS?