wilson1e ppt ch01

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Chapter 1

Introduction to Exploring

Exercise Science




Introduction to

Exercise Science

Exercise Science

Study of the physiological and behavioral

changes that occur in the body in response to

exercise and sport training Made of up sub-disciplines

What are the sub-disciplines?




Exercise Science²History

Ancient Olympics in Greece foundation for much of

our modern day research

Late 18th century

Seguin and Lavoiser²oxygen at rest and exercise Physiology of Bodily Exercise

Physical Education beginnings for exercise science

United States renewed interest early 20th century

Bannister

1954 one of first researchers to utilize ³science´ as a

way to enhance physical performance





Harvard Fatigue Laboratory (HFL) 1927

David B. Dill (1891-1986)

Exercise physiology, physiology of endurance

performance and environmental physiology 330 scientific papers were published until closing 1947

Human Physiology Laboratory at Indiana

University

Dr.Dill¶s student, Sid Robinson (1903-1981)

Effects of aging on the heart and lungs





Environmental stresses

1960¶s biochemical approaches to study exercise

³Aerobics´ Cooper Institute 1970¶s

Kenneth Cooper

American College of Sports Medicine

Founded 1954

Bannister

1954 England, 1st person to run a sub-four minute

mile, 3:59.4




Defining Exercise Science ³Exercise´

The participation in some quantified form of physical activity withthe intended purpose of improving or maintain health

³Science´

Is a structured inquiry of study

Science represents a systematic, empirically based search for knowledge

³Exercise science´

Study of how the human body responds to exercise or physical

activity

³Exercise scientists´

Those that study the relationship of exercise to physical health

and sport performance

Health promotion or sport performance enhancement




What is a Discipline?

Discipline

A field of study that has a central focus with its

own body of knowledge

Sub-disciplines

Specialized areas of interest

Sub-disciplines of Exercise Science




Subdisciplines of Exercise

Science




Physiologic Knowledge

Exercise Physiology

Study of how the human body functions, and how

it responds or changes when exposed to exercise

Most readily recognized sub-discipline

Encompasses study: physiology, anatomy,

biochemistry, and biology

Exercise components, Metabolic (energy), nervous,endocrine, skeletal muscle, cardiovascular, respiratory

Exercise testing, exercise prescription

ACSM and NSCA




Physiologic Knowledge

Sports Nutrition How and what we eat affects human health and

fitness

Develops nutritional programs to foster improvements in health & performance

Study the body¶s metabolic system

Efficient food as food

Weight control, body composition Eating disorders, female triad

ADA, ISSN, ACSM




Behavioral Knowledge

Psychological aspects of exerciseparticipation and sports performance

Sport psychology

The study of cognitive factors that influence sport

performance: confidence, motivation, anxiety

Exercise psychology

Examines behavioral factors associated with

exercise adherence and positive mental health &exercise

AP A, AAASP, ACSM




Behavioral Knowledge

Motor behavior

Study of the neural mechanisms that influence the

learning of movement

2 board, overlapping areas: motor control and motor learning

Motor control-- processes underlie the production: neural, physical

and behavioral aspects of human nervous system

Motor learning-- mechanisms which skilled movements are acquired

Motor development-- examines changes in both motor control andlearning over the lifetime

NATA, APTA, BES




Biomechanical Knowledge

Biomechanics

The application of mechanical principles in the

study of living organisms

Anatomy, physiology, mathematics, engineering,

physics used to describe how forces shape

human movement

Biomechanist can have diverse backgrounds

ACSM, ASB, ISB




Sports Medicine Knowledge

Athletic Training

Specialization within sports medicine

Prevention of athletic injuries, recognition andevaluation of athletic injuries, rehabilitation and

reconditioning of injuries

Anatomy, exercise physiology, psychology,

biomechanics, nutrition CAATE, BOC, ATC, NATA




Social Science Knowledge

Sociology of physical activity

Evaluate the role of organized sport and physical

activity in today¶s society

Understand potential role of organized sport and

physical activity in promoting social change in

health and wellness

NASSS, APHA, ACSM, ISSS




Social Science Knowledge

Sport History

Examine variables (religion, social attitudes,

politics, economics, tradition) influence the

formation of sport and physical activity

NASSH




Scope of Exercise Science

Health Promotion

Five bases of knowledge to improve individual

and societal levels of fitness

Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,

muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition

Sport Performance

Physiological variables related to performance(unrelated to health and fitness)

Speed, strength, power, agility, quickness





Basic research Specific research question, theoretical concept

Goal is to acquire new knowledge and advance

the knowledge base of exercise science

Cornerstone for knowledge

Applied research

Specific question with intention of µapplying¶ newinformation in solving a problem

Goal is how to improve athletic performance

Working directly with athlete to improveperformance





Textbook will examine the interdisciplinary

approach of exercise science

Physiologic, behavioral, biomechanical,sports medicine, social science

New knowledge is used to enhance health &

fitness levels and improve sport performance

wilson1e ppt ch01

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