willie henry drive p.o. box 508 kingston, jamaica, w.i. 876.758.3903 (f) 876.758.3905 market...

Willie Henry DriveP.O. Box 508Kingston, Jamaica, W.I.876.758.3903(f) 876.758.3905www.ciboj.org

Market Requirements as it relates to

Pesticides Residues

1. Risk Criteria

Gusland McCook – [email protected]

2. Traceability in the productive chain

Gail Nelson- [email protected]

October 2006


OBJECTIVES

To understand the issue of Pesticide Residues from a global perspective

To understand the issue of Traceability as it relates to food safety

Participants to formulate their own strategy in informing their stakeholders


DANGERS OR HARM FOR WHOM?


WHO DEFINES THE RISK CRITERIA OF A PESTICIDE?

1. World Health Organization WHO/- FAO

Oral and skin toxicity criteria for the operator, toxological classification

2. Multi-lateral Agreements

Toxological criteria for operators, health (internal) & the environment

3. Certifications & Seals

Toxological criteria for the operator, health (internal) & the environment, based on multi-lateral agreements (2.)

4. Importer countries of coffee

Criteria for Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs)

according to national law


1. World Health Organization / WHO - FAO

Oral & dermal toxicity criteria for the operator

CLASS LD50 for mg/kg body weight

ORAL DERMAL

SOLIDS LIQUIDS SOLIDS LIQUIDS

Ia. Extremely dangerous 5 or less 20 or less 10 or less 40 or less

Ib. Highly dangerous 5 – 50 20 – 200 10 – 100 40 – 400

II Moderately dangerous 50 – 500 200 – 2000 100 – 1000 400 – 4000

III Slightly dangerous 500 - 2000 2000 - 3000 > 1000 > 4000

IV > 2000 > 3000

Risk example, a person of 132 lbs (60 kg)• With 5 mg/kg oral solid ~ 0.3 grams (50% probability)• With 40 mg/kg dermal liquid ~ 2.4 grams (50% probability)


Aldicarb

Captafol

Disulfoton

Ethoprophos

Terbufos

Dichlorvos

Carbofuran

Oxamyl

Warfarin

1. World Health Organization/ WHO - FAO

Oral & dermal toxicity criteria for the operator

Ia.Ib.


2,4-D, Paraquat, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermetrina, Cyflutrina, DDT, Deltametrina, Endosulfan, Tetraconazole,

1. World Health Organization/ WHO - FAOOral & dermal toxicity criteria for the operator

II.


2. MULTI-LATERAL AGREEMENTSROTTERDAM AGREEMENT/PIC = Prior Informed Consent

VIGILANCE AND CONTROL OF DETERMINED DANGEROUS CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.

PAN (Pesticide Action Network UK / PAN UK)

NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS ON HEALTH TOPICS, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT, TO ELIMINATE THE RISKS OF PESTICIDES.

ESTOCOLMO AGREEMENTS / POPs = Persistent Organic Pollutants → May 2004

12 CHEMICALS: 8 PESTICIDES; 7 PESTICIDES SET FOR ELIMINATION.

LRTAP AGREEMENT = Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollution → 1998 / EUROPE

11 PESTICIDES, 2 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS, 3 BY-PRODUCTS OR CONTAMINANTS

• (www.pic.int)


Take the toxicity criteria of the operators health (internal) and the environment for:

• PAN UK initiative (“Dirty Dozen”).

• WHO groups Ia. & Ib.

It is a voluntary adherence of the farm for certification or seal.

3. Certification Seals


3. Certification & Seals


•Maximum Limit Residues Criteria (MRL) in food (coffee, cereals, milk, honey, etc)

• Definition & control by the health authorities of the importer countries

• Protection of the health of the consumers (food-safety)

4. Importer countries


THE CASE OF JAPAN

BACKGROUND

• An alert came from Japan on the presence of pesticides residues in coffee green bean coming from Latin American countries in 2005.

•New law on pesticides residues in prime alimentary and food materials (29 May 2006)

4. Importer Countries


THE HEALTH AUTHORITIES POSITION IN JAPAN

•Japanese law on the Regulation of Agro-chemicals (Article 1-2, Paragraph 1): fungicides, insecticides & other chemical products for the control of pests. In green bean coffee, they have defined maximum residues levels (MRLs) for approximately 140 listed pesticides.

•The health authorities take samples in Japanese ports. This procedure will be done with all food products and prime feeding materials which enters a Japanese port.

4. Importer Countries


Concepts in the MRLs - “Tolerance”

• Maximum quantity of residues of a pesticide, on a determined product and which has been admitted by eating legislation for their commercialization, which can cause damage to the health of the consumer.

• MRL’s expressed in “ppm” = Parts Per Million

1 ppm 1 gram = 1 gram = 1 gram

1,000,000 g 1000 kg 2,200 lb

0.1 ppm 0.1 gram = 1 gram = 1 gram

1,000,000 g 10,000 kg 22,000 lb

0.01 ppm 0.01 gram = 1 gram = 1 gram

1,000,000 g 100,000 kg 2,200,000 lb



Item (English)MRL

（ ppm ）

1 １－ NAPHTHLENEACETIC 　 ACID … 0.1

24 CHLORPYRIFOS Lorsban, … 0.05

34 CYFLUTHRIN Baythroid, Solfac, Tempo, 0.02

36 CYPERMETHRIN Arrivo, Nurelle, Ripcord, … 0.05

37 CYPROCONAZOLE Alto?? 0.1

40 DELTAMETHRIN 、 TRALOMETHRIN Decis 2

43 DICHLORVOS 、 NALED DDVP, OKO, … 0.2

55 ENDOSULFAN Thiodan 0.1

78 GLYPHOSATE Roundup, generics,… 1

80 HEXACONAZOLE Anvil 0.05

105 PARAQUAT Gramoxone, generics, … 0.05

128 TERBUFOS Counter, generics, … 0.05

140 WARFARIN Racumin 0.001

ANNEX 3 – Positive List JapanThe list of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticide in green coffee beans



THEREFORE, WHAT LINE SHOULD WE FOLLOW?

1. World Health Organization/ WHO- FAO

Oral and dermal toxicity criteria for the operator, toxological classification.

2. Multi-lateral country agreements

toxicity criteria for the operator, health (internal) & the environment


Toxicity criteria for the operator, health (internal) & the environment

4. Importer countries of coffee

Maximum Residue Levels (MRL’s) by national laws


REGISTRATION & DOCUMENTATION


2. TRACEABILITY IN THE COFFEE

CHAIN


Traceability: It Begins & Ends

WHAT IS TRACEABILITY?

“ It is the aptitude to determine the history, use or localization of an entity through the means of registered

identifications” (ISO 8420)


The objective of traceability is that the chain of provision is visible from the farm

up to the consumer

It will improve the image and the characterization of the products

It favours commercialization.

Security of the consumers.


WHY DO WE NOW SPEAK SO MUCH ABOUT TRACEABILITY?

Demands from consumers (1996, mad cow disease).

Commercial treaties

Food Security Policies: “food safety” (case of Japan).

Responsibility of all the players within the supply chain of a product (coffee).

Fulfillment of the security conditions that are necessary to offer to the consumers (food safety).


NECESSITIES

In order for us to have traceability in our processes/products it is fundamental to establish a series of steps:

Traceability requirements:

• Individual identification of all the parties in the complete process.

• Systematization in the process of data capture (Registration).

• Access to information that is clear and dependable in order to respond to any complaint.


TRACEABILITY ¨LOOKING AHEAD¨ & ¨LOOKING BACK¨

What? : Record the arrival or destination of the product.

To Whom?: Record from whom you have received or to whom you have sent product.

When?: Record the date on which the product was received or sent.

Information: Record some information of traceability which helps to decrease risk for both producer and consumer.


• Data from the Process: Records of the pesticides programme, records of the operations and practices in the coffee management.

• Information on the Product: characteristics of the region, harvesting period, climatic conditions during production.

• Data of Origin: General data of the farm, intermediaries, mixtures.

• Commercial data: Data from the exporter, type & quality, quantity & presentation, etc.

INTERNAL TRACEABILITY


Primary Production

Wet and Dry Pulping

Exportation Processing

CRITICAL POINTS FOR CONTROL IN ORDER TO AVOID PESTICIDES RESIDUES


Primary Production

RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT PESTICIDES RESIDUES

Preventative Measures:

• Use pesticides only when you are not able to apply other control measures efficiently.

• Select the appropriate pesticides for use.

• Use only pesticides recommended for the cultivation.


Wet and Dry pulping


Preventative Measures:

•Ensure that coffee is adequately washed.

•Clean all vehicles in which coffee is to be transported.

• Avoid storing coffee in places close to agri-chemicals.

• Avoid the use of pesticides when coffee is in storage.



Exportation Preventative Measures:

• Review the cleaning records and the place of arrival of cargos.

• Monitor voluntarily so as to verify that pesticides residues do not exceed the MRLs, indicated by the standards of the importer countries.


WHAT PURPOSE DOES THE DOCUMENTATION AND REGISTRATION

PROCESS SERVE?

• Improves Credibility.

• React to a residue problem, among other things.

• Create a database.

• Demonstrate that you have put attention to a particular risk, in a form to avoid it or to eliminate it.

• Facilitate accreditation processes.Records must be

simple and verifiable

willie henry drive p.o. box 508 kingston, jamaica, w.i. 876.758.3903 (f) 876.758.3905 market...

Documents

willie henry drive

world health organization

probability slide

health internal

stakeholders slide

skin toxicity criteria

health topics

national law slide