Who am I?

Similarities in Early Development

• If populations accumulate change over time organisms…

• Then organisms should develop similarily if they share a common ancestor.

• If populations accumulate change over time organisms…

• Then organisms should develop similarily if they share a common ancestor.

Who am I?

Who am I?

Who am I?

Evolution objectivesStudents should be able to…1. Describe what the Theory of Evolution states.2. Name the person who developed this theory and describe how he developed it.3. Define the following and give an example of each.

SpeciesPopulationNatural selection (Honors: types of selection)

4. Describe how fossils and strata provide evidence for the theory of evolution. 5. Determine the age of rocks and fossils using radioactive dating.6.Describe an example of homologous structures and vestigial structures. Explain how they provide evidence of evolution.7.Explain how developmental and molecular provide evidence of evol.8.Determine allele frequencies.9.Describe what the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) principle /law/ theory states and be sure to list the 5 H-W conditions.10.Interpret and develop a cladogram.

Are they similar to us?????

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7XuXi3mqYM

Molecular Evidence IFIF CHANGE CHANGE

accumulates in accumulates in a a POPULATION POPULATION over TIME…over TIME…

THENTHEN organisms organisms with close with close common common ancestors should ancestors should share more share more molecules, such molecules, such as DNA.as DNA.

Human (H) Human (H) and Chimp and Chimp (C) DNA(C) DNA

Locus Human-Chimp Human-Gorilla Human-Orangutan

Alu elements 2 - -

Non-coding (Chr. Y) 1.68 ± 0.19 2.33 ± 0.2 5.63 ± 0.35

Pseudogenes (autosomal)

1.64 ± 0.10 1.87 ± 0.11 -

Pseudogenes (Chr. X)

1.47 ± 0.17 - -

Noncoding (autosomal)

1.24 ± 0.07 1.62 ± 0.08 3.08 ± 0.11

Genes (Ks) 1.11 1.48 2.98

Introns 0.93 ± 0.08 1.23 ± 0.09 -

Xq13.3 0.92 ± 0.10 1.42 ± 0.12 3.00 ± 0.18

Subtotal for X chromosome

1.16 ± 0.07 1.47 ± 0.08 -

Genes (Ka) 0.8 0.93 1.96

Percentage sequence divergence between humans and other

hominids[4]

Assignment: Must do both for the exceeds level.

MeetsMeets Complete cytochrome C Complete cytochrome C

comparison handout.comparison handout.

ExceedsExceeds Find the name of the Find the name of the

developmental genes that developmental genes that all vertebrates share. all vertebrates share.

Describe at least one of Describe at least one of these developmental these developmental genes. Be sure to include genes. Be sure to include its purpose in its purpose in development.development.

HONORS Assignment: Must do both for the exceeds level.

MeetsMeets Find the name of the Find the name of the

developmental genes developmental genes that all vertebrates that all vertebrates share.share.

Complete cytochrome c Complete cytochrome c and embryo comparison and embryo comparison handout.handout.

ExceedsExceeds Describe at least one of Describe at least one of

these developmental these developmental genes. Be sure to include genes. Be sure to include its purpose in its purpose in development.development.

How many differences are How many differences are in this gene between in this gene between humans and another humans and another vertebrate class.vertebrate class.

Homologous Developmental Genes

Hox GenesHox Genes Genes that control Genes that control the production of the production of proteins involved in proteins involved in development but development but doesn’t produce doesn’t produce these proteins these proteins directly.directly.

Homologous Developmental Genes Hox GenesHox Genes

Summary of Darwin’s Theory

Individuals in nature differ from one Individuals in nature differ from one anotheranother

Organisms in nature produce more Organisms in nature produce more offspring than can survive, and many of offspring than can survive, and many of those who do not survive do not reproduce.those who do not survive do not reproduce.

Summary of Darwin’s Theory

Because more organisms are produce than Because more organisms are produce than can survive, each species must struggle for can survive, each species must struggle for resourcesresources

Each organism is unique, each has Each organism is unique, each has advantages and disadvantages in the advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existencestruggle for existence

Summary (cont.)

Individuals best suited for the environment Individuals best suited for the environment survive and reproduce most successfulsurvive and reproduce most successful

Populations within species change over Populations within species change over timetime

Summary (cont.)

Species alive today descended with modification Species alive today descended with modification from populations that lived in the pastfrom populations that lived in the past

All organisms on earth are united into a single All organisms on earth are united into a single family tree of life by common descentfamily tree of life by common descent