Unit 10The Best of Time, the Worst of Times

I. Lyndon Baines Johnson A. The best politician 1. Learned from FDR

2. Sympathy following Kennedy's deathB. Great Society - Economic and Civil Rights

1. LBJ - Experienced, devious, domineering a. Pushed JFK proposals b. “Johnson Treatment”-- bullying, & scratching backs.

2. End poverty--Twenty-five % below poverty line a. Michael Harrington, The Other America b. CBS - “The Harvest of Shame.”

C. Election of 1964 LBJ vs. Goldwater 1. Conservative Republican response to Great Society 2. LBJ used JFK memory and scare tactics

3. It workedD. Great Society Program - mixed results

1. Successes a. Medicare b. Elementary and Secondary Education Act c. Immigration Act of 1965 d. Head Start.

e. Civil Rights legislation 2. Failures a. Job Corp = CCC b. Economic Opportunity Act

c. LBJ said we can have “Guns and Butter” without worry II. Johnson Foreign Policy

A. Viet Nam Dilemma 1. Civil War in Indo-China a. Vietcong supplies from China. b. Ngo Dinh Diem overthrown.

2. August 1964 Johnson announced Gulf of Tonkin a. “Blank check from Congress" b. Piecemeal escalation without plan 1. 1963-3,000 US troops merely support 2. 1964-defend US bases 3. 1965 search and destroy

4. 1968 - 537,000 US troops in Vietnam.c. By 1965 war going badly.

B. By ’66 Nation Divided 1. Hawks a. Stop Communist aggression b. "Domino" theory - Laos next c. Fighting for democracy in VN 2. Doves a. Vietnam a civil war b. SVN repressive and undemocratic c. LBJ "lies."

3. Problems for Hawks a. US generals: “Just one more escalation” b. America smug 1. Senator Fulbright,"The Arrogance of Power" 2. Refused to see war not winnable 3. Most followed LBJ.

  C. Election of 1968 1. Democrats a. LBJ seemed unbeatable 1. Great Society successes a. Medicare-popular b. Federal funding of education and housing 2. Civil Rights ’64 and ’65 b. Then Eugene McCarthy 1. No organization--college students 2. Referendum on Vietnam.

2. Tet changed everything a. 39 provincial capitals fell b. Psychological victory for VC c. War on TV - Public opinion shifts 1. McCarthy surprise--received 42% 2. LBJ withdraws.

3. Kennedy-Humphrey enter race4. Then RF Kennedy killed5. Republicans

a. Nixon, Romney and Rockefeller b. Nixon nominated, Spiro Agnew of Md VP

6. Democratic convention in Chicago a. Humphrey controlled convention. b. Yippie Party 1. “Big wigs” overreacted 2. "Chicago police riot"

c. Nixon benefited with law and order campaign d. Liberal Doves refused to vote e. Close 31.8 to 31.3 millionII. Nixon Administration A. Domestic issues 1. “Stop inflation” a. 90 day price and wage freeze b. 10% tax 2. Nixon moved right a. Welfare shifted to states b. Slowed desegregation 1. J. Mitchell Attorney General 2. Burger and Blackman to Supreme Court

B. Foreign Policy 1. Viet Nam a. Vietnamization--Build up SVN - US can withdraw b. Protests intensified 1. Campus riots 2. Moratorium day a. Nixon unmoved b. “Silent Majority” c. VP Agnew polarized the debate.

d. Cambodian Incursion 1. Moderates joined radicals 2. Kent State killings

e. Ironically, protests decline 1. US withdrawal reduced casualties 2. New draft lottery system--volunteer army

3. Congress passed “War Powers Act” - President has 48 hours to inform and forbids leaving troops more than 60 days without Congress OK

f. Nixon Doctrine 1. To VN 2. “Nations threatened by CW provide for their own defense.”

g. My Lai Massacre

2. Detent a. Negotiations with North Viet Nam stalled b. No end in sight c. Then Nixon & Kissinger to China-Ping pong diplomacy d. Next Soviet Union 1. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) 2. Reduced missiles. III. 1972 Election and Nixon’s Resignation A. Democrats 1. McGovern, SD-Dove 2. Hampered by VP 3. “Silent Majority.”

B. Republican campaign 1. “RMN Four More Years” a. Attack inflation b. Toughness in foreign trade c. Negotiate with CCP d. Flexible in detent 2. Then, US-North Vietnam Talks in Paris--“October Surprise.” a. Years of discussion with NVN (1 year to discuss shape of table) b. Early problems-table

3. The "imperial presidency." a. Peace Treaty-Jan 1973 Nixon took credit b. Haldeman and Erlichman dominated bureaucracy.

C. Watergate 1. Break in at Democratic Headquarters 2. Congressional Investigation 3. Who was involved? a. RMN “Not me” b. John Dean implicated Mitchell

4. Special prosecutor appointed--Archibald Cox3. Bombshell: The tapes

a. Fight with the special prosecutor b. Saturday Night Massacre  4. More Trouble a. Agnew tax fraud - resigned 1. Ford - 25th amendment 2. Nixon--income tax--"I'm not a crook"

b. Then the Arab Oil Crisis 1. Israel - Arab War (1973)--inconclusive

2. Organization of Oil-Producing States (OPEC) oil embargo a. Eee Gads!! Gas $1.00 gallon b. Oil jumped from $3.00 to $11.65 a barrel c. Inflation 3. Kissinger shuttle diplomacy 4. Israel withdraw from Arabs lands

D. Expletive Deleted 1. Jaworski indicted Haldeman & Mitchell a. Nixon’s edited transcripts 1. Revealed RMN aware of break-in, 2. Jaworski: “More” 3. Nixon refused b. United States v. Richard M. Nixon.

2. Judiciary Committee--everyone watched. a. Articles of impeachment b. Republican support melted - Nixon resigned.

3. Ford sworn in--Never elected a. Tragic Hero? b. JG: “No - RMN never showed remorse.”

Whither America?Looking for the American Mind in the Late Twentieth

Century

Objective: “Understanding the turbulent 1960s from Civil Rights to the Youth revolt, and analyzing the effect of the decade on the Baby Boom generation”

I. Whither goest America?A. Johnson's Prophesy echoes early doubts of “Progress and Democracy”

“The Nation is prosperous,great, and majestic, but we have

no promise from God thatour greatness will endure. Indeed,

our existence is fragile, and welive in a world where change

and growth seem to towerbeyond the control and judgment

of mortal men.”

1. The Disenchanted 20th Century Intellectuala. Early European Criticsb. American Intellectual Ambivalence

1. Those favoring Reason a. Pragmatism--"Truth is relative and rests on results"b. Herbert Crowley's The Promise of American Life

2. But WWI disillusionment advances Avant-Gardea. Avant-Garde reject Idealism after Versaillesb. Recoil from Traditional Values

1. Lewis, Fitzgerald, Hemingway2. Insanity of war showed America possess no civilization3. American tradition "selfish-stupid"4. Materialistic and greedy

3. Depression increased Disenchantmenta. Reaction to failure of Capitalism and Democracy

1. Artists--Wood2. Musicians-Copeland

b. Skepticism of Democracy and Capitalism increase interest in CPUSAc. FDR Response--WPA

B. Arrival of New Émigré horrified at Mass Culture1. Failure of Democracies in Europe and Rise of Dictators2. Fromm and Marcuse

a. Americans Shrink From Freedom1. Culture Dumb Down2. Conform to the crowd--Masses help with own oppression3. Conformity merely oppression by capitalists ruling elite

b. They said: “Modern City and new suburbs were alienating”1. ¼ live in S-W2. Transportation change

a. Car and gasoline consumption roseb. Notels, Interstate systems, travel increase

c. By 1950 Consensus produces a "Nation of Sheep"1. Growth of the middle class--up from 5M to 12M in 60 2. Immigrants declined--95% Native Born 3. Blue color =middle class--CIO with huge benefits 4. Party lines blurred 

d. Television "Proved" Marcuse's belief in obsession with moderation 1. Wasteland-Vulgar serials-Routine variety, and greed 2. Reduced kids to Zombies--Kids bread to fit conformity3. Families abandon teaching values to TV

e. Religion and Conformity1. Prosperity increased number of churches 2. Fits new consensus--“feel good” role (Cool church)

a. Doctrine abandoned-Interest now in going, not Philosophyb. No longer social role (taken over by New Deal) now comfort

c. Religious toleration became routine.  C. And yet, ironically progress is seductive

1. Love-Hate relationship a. Curing deadly diseasesb. New technology

2. But also disenchantment with Progress a. Made things worse 

1. Auto2. Air pollution--One million autos are good, but 100 million . . .3 DDT-Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring4. World Population explosion

b. Change in all aspects of life 1. Military needed more defense2. Family--Parents gave advice but it was rejected 3. Traditional family seemed in decline4. Labor unions declined5. But business merged—anti-trust laws ignored6. Psychologists, lawyers, and law suits increased

3. Progress and alienationa. Rootless mobil societyb. Anxiety increased –USSR, Bomb, Relativismc. Parents gave advice but . . . d. Traditional family declined—divorce rosee. Labor unions declinef. Business merge—anti-trust laws ignoredg. Farmers decline to 2%h. Psychologists, lawyers and law suits increased

4. Emigre seemed right—prosperity failed to provide fulfillmenta. National debt grewb. GNP=Trillions but . . .

5. Irony:  Am respond to criticism by embracing to Pop Arta. Pollock

1. Abstract expressiona. Inner landscapeb. drip method 

2. Alienation from the world of bomb and computer b. Pop and Op art--Johns, Liechtenstein, Warhol “Instead of rising up, masses celebrated oppression by turning to Pop Art. Pop art challenged Emegre idea that mass culture was harmful and worthless. Pop championed cheap, glitz. Real culture was Hollywood and cars. Pop art defined mechanization, expendability, visual abundance. It is not subtleIt marched to rhythm of capitalism and celebrated it.It was the essence of democratic and mundane.”c. So, what makes the American happy?

1. What are the values that make people happy? 2. What is “happiness?”

D. Civil Rights ---Middle Years1. DuBois departure metaphor for black movement2. End 2nd Recon3. JFK: "Go Slow-Give just a hint" (Worry S. Dem) 4. Events force JFK's hand

a. Sit In and Freedom Ridersb. James Meredith at U of Missc. Southern resistance continuedd. In June 1963 he introduced the Civil Rights Act of 1964e. King's March on Washington 1963--"I have a dream."f. The South remains defiant: Church Bomb, Medgar Evers

5. LBJ moves on Civil Rights a. Passes Kennedy's Civil Rights legislation b. 24th Amendment ended the “Poll Tax”c. S. resistance continued

1. Freedom Summer 1964 2. CR workers killed in Mississippi3. Selma Registration-tear gas, whips, killing 

6. Suddenly end of an era-moderation in the North and West gone a. King failure in urban areas. b. Black coalition split--SNCC scornful c. Rise of militant blacks 

1. Malcolm X 2. Stokely Carmichael and Black Panthers 

7. "Black Power" a. Black pride

1. Hair2. black studies

3. clothesb. Change in objectives, goals, and supportc. Calls for Black Separation

1. S. Carmichael-"I'm not going to beg. . ." 2. H. Rap Brown-"Get your guns and burn 3. Huey Newton-"Moa was right 'Power. . ." 

d. Urban riots 1. Watts 1965—34 die2. Newark, Detroit, LA 1967

a. Frustration over lack of economic gains b. Housing c Unemployment

e. White liberals flee f. White backlash--Nixon and Wallace 

1. Southern resistance continued2. King killed3. Civil Rights legislation stops 4. Affirmative Action under fire –Davis v. Bakke

g. Positive side 1. Pride in ethnicity 2. Increased education 3. Middle class doubled in 70s  

h.  End Second Reconstruction ?E. Mexican Americans – Native American Concerns

1. Hispanic nationalism and activisma. Cesar Chavez b. United Farm Workers Assoc 

2. Mobilization and pride3. Increase in population

a. Second leading language groupb. Undocumented Aliensc. Increase tension --English only"

F. Ironic Revolt:  Debunkers from the Privileged Young1. College Revolts

a. Originally conservative institutionsb. New Émigré move to College—becomes their factoriesc. New type of student from old GI Vets.

1. Vets were part of suburbia and middle class2. Now, critics reject suburban conformity

a. Suburbs and corporations became stultifying

b. At first it was not clear what the young rebelled against.3. Earliest sound of protest came from the “Beats.”

a. Most famous: Kerouac’s “On the Road”b. “Howl”c. College students read Beats, but few others knew of themd. James Dean in “Rebel” that caught masses attention

1. “You are suffocating me.” 2. “James Dean is the eternal youthful rebel--sensitive,

unloved working out all the things that young people work out in every generations” (Johnny Depp)

e. Writers-Artists rejected conformity 1. J. D. Salinger “Catcher in the Rye”2. William Whyte"s The Organization Man 3. Riesman-Lonely Crowd: inner v other directed 

a. Shallow, common, superficial b. Soc demanded cooperation-undermined individual 

4. Sloan Wilson - Gray Flannel Suit5. C. Wright Mills

2. Next: Port Huron SDS Manifesto—Weathermen 1962a. Individualism vs. bureaucracy b. Baby boom-1/2 pop repelled materialism c. Opposition to war, race, poverty, and oppression 

3. Protests moved into campus a. UCB—Mario Savio

1. Free Speech Movement-19642. “Put your bodies upon the gears.”

b. Protest marches 1. Washington D. C2. Kent State 1972

4. Counterculture-Set the Tone a. Hippies-radical in politics, but remained out of world b. Music

1. Rebellious rock and roll2. Acid Rock and Woodstock

a. Irony: Freedom’s consequences. b. Hippie individualism produced intolerance in 1970 c. Selfish, entrepreneur of the 21st century.”

G. Women and the Sexual Protests1. This change was the swiftest. 2. Alfred Kensey's 

a. Sexual Behavior in Human Male and Female b. Americans  not practice what preached. 

3. Sexual freedom+Civil Rights Act revived women's movement 4. Women wanted improvements too 

a. 1/2 pay of men in 1960b. Stereotype occupation: Teacher, Nurse, Secretary 

5. Despite disappointment changes happen for womena. College graduates increase and money roseb. More jobs available

1. 60% in Law and Medical school2. President of Universities, Supreme Court3. But still only 86% pay

c. Marriage age increased—Birth rate droppedd. But:

1. Failure of ERA2. Reproductive rights in Roe-Wade under attack3. Should women receive special advantages?

6. Betty Freidan The Feminine Mystique: NOW a. Equal partnership and Pay as a goal b. Favored ERAc. Total equality--not token like progressives d. Denounced masculine words like chairman e. Tougher rape laws 

7. Phyllis Schlafleya. Eagle Forumb. Traditional Roles for women are bestc. Women don’t want ERA

End of History: America Enters the 21st

Century

I. Gerald Rudolph FordA. Problems from the start

1. Nixon Pardona. Many outraged

b. Pardon hurt in 76 election

2. Intellectual reputation3. Odor of illegitimacy - 1st unelected president-25th Amendment

B. Domestic problems     1. Inconsistency managing eco     2. GRF: “Inflation - Public enemy # 1” a. WIN (Whip Inflation Now) patriotism 1. Save more 2. Spend less

b. Then Recession. 1. Production fell 2. Unemployment - 9% 3. Tax cut increased inflation

C. Foreign Policy      1. Defeat in Vietnam-1975 a. SVN deteriorated b. Congress refused Ford request for more $ 1. US tired 2. SVN fell 3. Chaos      2. Loss of face a. Cost 56,000 lives - $118 Billion

1. Lost self esteem 2. Lost confidence in military

b. Pride wounded      3. Two weeks later: Cambodian - Mayaguez a. Sent marines b. Intelligence disaster c. Ford’s reputation suffered

4. Slow down in Detente a. GF signs Helsinki Accord 1. Wanted improved relations with SU 2. Legitimized Soviet boundaries in Poland 3. Soviets promised human rights

b. Then USSR restrictions on Jews c. Critics: “Helsinki-Detent One Way Street”

1. We sell grain - nothing back 2. SU support anti Western forces in SA-Asia d. Ford abandon Detent in public speeches

D. Elections of 1976 - Rise of Jimmy Carter      1. Rep split

a. Ford vs Reaganb. Ford nominated by slim margin

2. Democratic also splita. Intense state primary fight which Carter won

b. Arizona’s Mo Udall c. Georgia’s Jimmy Carter 1. Fair to minorities. 2. Inexperience - an advantage

3. Close race. a. Nixon pardon & NY headline b. Ford stumble in debates

c. Black vote helps Carter in close winII. Carter Administration

A. Domestic successes small1. Early domestic problems

a. Poor administrator--complicated bills wo follow up b. Pardon draft evaders

c. Economic policies failed 1. Changed policy 7 times a. Campaigned on anti-inflation b. But asked for tax rebates 2. Blamed others a. National malaise b. Sapping energy & civic pride

B. Foreign affairs.      1. “Human rights above all things.” a. Canal to Panama b. Atrocities in Chile & Argentina c. Cut aide to both

2. SALT II a. Reduce missiles

b. But SU invaded Afghanistan1. US withdrew grain sales

2. Boycotted Olympicsc. US withdrew SALT treaty

      3. Camp David Agreement a. Ensure oil supply b. Begin & Sadat to Camp David 78

c. Carter mediated

1. Israel - withdraw area captured in 6 Day War 2. Egypt recognized Israel

C. Trouble kept coming 1. Domestically a. Inflation major issue 1. 13%-Federal Reserve-Limit money supply 2. Hurt poor - retired 3. Panic buying increased a. Auto - housing b. Banks and Saving & Loans hurt with low mortgage loans

b. Next conservation 1. Proposed conserving energy - reduce OPEC oil 2. Proposed taxes on “gas guzzlers” 3. Disorganized - never followed up

c. US confidence low. 1. VN

2. Decay in cities3. Crime rate increased

4. Ed performance poord. Carter’s popularity at 29%

2. More Foreign Troublea. New foreign competition

1. Marshall Plan helped 2. Japan cheaper cars

b. Iranian Crisis 1. Unpopular Shah Reza Pahlavi a. Oil to US b. Arms to Shah

2. Riots vs Shah3. Khomeini’s rioters forced Shah to flee4. Militants attacked US Embassy

5. US captives6. Americans rallied - Carter popularity rose.

7. Failed rescue attempt8. “Prisoner” in the White House

9. Popularity plummeted.D. Election 1980

1. Republicans chose Reagan.         a. "New Federalism" reduce government         b. Anti drug “NO!”

         c. Patriotism, religion, family life    2. Democrats unenthusiastic    3. 3rd Party: Independent-John Anderson    4. Reagan won big-489 to 49 electoral

5. Hostages released Jan 20, 1981

III. The Reagan administration        A. New Federalism 1. Change in direction                 a. Power to states but reduce social services                 b. Less bureaucracy                 c. Eliminate govt regulations on Air, RR                 d. Increase mil funding

2. Supply Side Economics     a. First, 30% tax cut.         1. Reduce federal spending 2. Cut social services--student loans,         3. Cut welfare--Food stamps     b. “Trickle Down”

3. Critics-- REAGANOMICS      a. Coolidge-Mellon in 1920s     b. Federal deficits from 59 to 195 billion     c. 1982 recession - 10% unemployment     d. Volcker slowed inflation

e. OPEC overproduction         1. Gasoline & plastics cheaper         2. Fed eased tight money

f. Firing Air flight Controllers4. Assassination attempt increased popularity

B. Foreign Policy      1. Soviets "EVIL EMPIRE" - Withdrew SALT II      2. Containment again          a. Support Contras in Nicaragua.          b. Marines to Lebanon          1. “US prestige at stake”          2. 80 killed by a bomb.

C. Election of 84--Four More Years    1. Reagan popular          2. Democrats

          a. Jesse Jackson             b. Gary Hart                 c. Walter Mondale wins carrying South & Mid West.

d. Geraldine Ferraro as his VP3. Campaign

a. RR “heartless”                   1. 35 million below poverty line                       2. millions still unemployed              b. Increased federal deficits                c. Increased FP tension                 d. But MONDALE SAID RAISE TAXES

4. Reagan advantages            a. Fundamentalists --Jerry Falwell's “Moral Majority”                                  b. Pro military vs SU           c. Economic improvement 1. Inflation dropped                2. Reagan’s optimism

5. Reagan 60%         a. FDR coalition gone                   1. Only blacks voted Dem 2. Labor (the Reagan Democrats) left 3. South solidly Republican               b. Women voted for Reagan

D. “The Reagan Revolution”            1. 2nd Term - FP a. More anti-Soviet rhetoric                  b. "Star Wars" (SDI--Strategic Defense Initiative) c. Money for “Contras” in Nigaragua 2. USSR Gorbachev sought improved relations a. Encouraged debate - “Glasnost” b. Began moderate capitalism – Perestroik

3. Reagan met Gorbachev in 1988a. Eliminated medium range nuclear missiles.b. Americans pleased.

4. Popularity increased a. Tough on “terrorists”-- Achilli Laural b. Lybia’s Muammar al-Qaddafi blew up US-German night club 1. Bombed Lybia 2. Popularity - all time high

5. Domestic policy

a. Lowered taxes on rich to 28% b. Deficit ballooned.   6. Changed Supreme Court.         a. O’Connor first woman b. Rehnquist,         c. Scalia,         d. Kennedy

7. End of East Germany 1990   E. Despite success, uncertainty plague Am. 1. Immigration Act of 1965 - 4 million immigrants from LA-Asia a. Poor-crowded into ethnic neighborhoods. b. Americans wanted restriction 1. 1986 Congress offered amnesty 2. Influx continued.

2. Other disturbing domestic trends a. Worry - Social Security in 21st century

b. Traditional family in decline 1. Increase in single parent households a. Mostly black, often poor. b. Increase in illegitimate birth rate 2. Increase in divorce rate--50% by 1990

3. Drug problem 4. New disease--AIDS

5. Labor Unions decline to 19% by 19856. Increase in mergers

a. No Anti-trust b. Small bus borrowed & purchased larger companies

7. Global Warming - serious new concernF. New Foreign Issues - Iran-Contra Affair-“Self inflicted wound”

     1. Revolution in Nicaragua          a. Santanistas Marxists rebelled 1. Over threw dictator Samoza 1979 2. Carter broke relations     b. Reagan determined to destroy Santanistas 1. Domino theory

2. CIA formed anti-Communist Contras                   3. Contras - little success a. Americans worried about another VN 1. Boland Amendment 2. “No aid to Nicaragua”

b. Reagan furious urged other nations to support Contrasc. In meantime, Mid-East war Iran and Iraq - 1980

1. US worried about oil 2. Public supported Iraq 3. Iran took 5 Americans hostage 4. Reagan refused to negotiate      d. Reagan’s plan: 1. Bribery a. Sell arms thru Israel to Iran b. Money from Iran to Contras - Oliver North 2. Violated Boland Act 3. News leaked out a. Congressional investigation - North - key witness

b. Reagan: “I never knew a thing” c. Public opinion did not believe him d. RR popularity plummeted.

III. Election of 1988 - GHW Bush A. Rep VP Bush and Dems picked Michael Dukakis

1. Little enthusiasm on either side.a. Bush the “Wimp” - Dukakis “coddle criminals”b. Quayle as VP - embarrassing choice.

2. Bush wins - “Ugly dirty campaign”B. Bush’s Foreign Policy

1. Cold War Ends -- 1991 a. Soviets out of Eastern Europe 1. Warsaw Pack dissolved 2. Poland-Hungary-Czec-Bulgaria-Romania b. Bush helped Eastern Europe - not embarrass SU.

c. Gorbachev deposed 1. Communist opposed reform 2. B. Yeltsen a. President of Russian Republic b. Stopped coup 3. Gorbachev resigned

2. Latin America a. Bush invaded Panama 1. Overthrow M. Noriega 2. Drug charges

3. Constitutionality?b. Nicaragua

1. War ended 2. Elections threw out Santanista communist      3. Middle East a. Iraq attacked Kuwait in 1990 b. Hussean needed oil and $ after Iran War c. Kuwait & Saudi Arabia turned to US.

d. US responded 1. First Gulf War - Operation Desert Shield

2. US air attack destroyed Iraqi army and air force 3. Hussein agreed to UN terms

C. Domestic problems 1. “Read my lips. No new taxes.” 2. Expenses mounted a. Bailing out Eastern Europe b. Invasion of Panama c. Saving and Loans-$500B 3. Forced to increase taxes 4. Popularity declined

IV. Clinton Administration--Election of 1992 A. Persian War boosted Bush 1. Dem discouraged 2. Bill Clinton best organized 3. Independent Ross Perot B. Sluggish economy hurt Bush 1. Clinton 44 million; Bush 35 2. Perot 20 million hurt Republicans

C. Baby Boomer President 1. Early success/failure a. “Don’t ask. . .” b. Health Care disaster 2. “Brady Bill” ban on assault weapons 3. Balanced budget 4. Quiet Foreign Policy

D. Politics of Distrust 1. Vietnam and Nixon a. Rise of “militia” groups

b. Term limits 2. Republicans responded with “Contract” 3. Election of 1994 a. Republican landslide b. Gingrich speaker c. Overplayed his hand d. Government shut-down hurt

4. Election of 1996 a. Clinton v. Dole b. Economy recovered-World peace

E. Clinton 2nd Term 1. Impeachment

2. Acquittal 3. Highest rating since FDR