Ionic Gasification:Pure Syngas for Electricity, Hydrogen,

and Fuel Production at Small Scale

Presentation to North American

Waste-To-Energy Conference 2019

by

Abraham E. Haspel, Ph.D.

April 2, 2019

Presentation Outline

1. What We Do

2. Who We Are

3. Who We Work With

4. How Ionic Gasification Works -- What Makes Ionic Gasification Unique

5. Where We’ve Been & Where We’re Going

DISCLAIMER

The information contained in this presentation is intended solely for your personal reference. Such information is subject to change without notice,

its accuracy is not guaranteed and it may not contain all material information concerning Cogent Energy Systems, Inc. (the “Company”). The

Company makes no representation regarding, and assumes no responsibility or liability for, the accuracy or completeness of, or any errors or

omissions in, any information contained herein.

In addition, the information contains projections and forward-looking statements that may reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future

events and financial performance. These views are based on current assumptions which are subject to various risks and which may change over

time. No assurance can be given that future events will occur, that projections will be achieved, or that the Company’s assumptions are correct. It is

not the intention to provide, and you may not rely on this presentation as providing, a complete or comprehensive analysis of the Company's

financial or trading position or prospects.

This presentation does not constitute an offer or invitation to purchase or subscribe for any securities or financial instruments or to provide any

investment service or investment advice, and no part of it shall form the basis of or be relied upon in connection with any contract, commitment or

investment decision in relation thereto.

Cogent’s Game Changing Solution

The HelioStorm™ Gasifier

The HelioStorm™ Gasifier economically converts even small amounts

of feedstock into syngas comprised solely of CO and H2, on-site and

on-demand – at temperatures reaching 10,000⁰C.

Hospitals Industrial

Parks

Military

Installations

Mining

Sites

Remote

Communities

ResortsFarms Ships

As part of an end-to-end system, Cogent’s proprietary HelioStorm Gasifier

delivers on-site waste conversion capabilities for small-scale waste

producers in numerous markets worldwide.

Dr. Peter Kong, CTO• Inventor, HelioStorm technology

• Former Principal Scientist, Idaho National Laboratory

• PhD, Metallurgy and Materials Science,

University of Minnesota

Dr. Abraham Haspel, CEO • Former Deputy Assistant Secretary,

U.S. Department of Energy

• Former Chairman, Climate Technology Initiative, UN

Framework Convention on Climate Change

• PhD, Economics, University of Pennsylvania

Cogent LeadershipPolicymakers, Scientists, Entrepreneurs

Mr. Douglas Russell, Chief

Business Development Officer• Former Director General, Air Pollution Prevention

Directorate of Environment Canada

• Former President, Global Change Strategies

International, leading Canadian energy consultancy

• BSc. and MPA, Dalhousie University

Dr. Mark Frankel, COO• Founder and managing partner,

Healthcare Executive Partners

• Founder and CTO, QuiqMeds

• PhD, Biochemistry, Thomas Jefferson University

Cogent Energy Systems, Inc.

Company Profile

• Privately-held corporation

• Headquarters in Merrifield, Virginia

• Research and Development facility in

Idaho Falls, Idaho

• Established 2012

Creare, LLCEngineering Excellence since 1960

Relevant Commercialization Experience

ServicesApplied ResearchPrototype Design and FabricationAnalysis and ModelingLaboratory and Field Testing Advanced Manufacturing

IndustriesAerospace and DefenseComputers and ElectronicsEnergy and EnvironmentManufacturing and Process

Acknowledged Innovation

U.S. Navy, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) GrantsSelected for Phase I Award (base and option) in partnership with Creare,

engineering R&D firm.

• Demonstrated efficacy of small-scale WTE.

• Tests on solid wastes resulted in remarkably clean syngas capable of powering

existing military generators, without creating hazardous by-products.

Selected for Phase II Award (base and option) with Creare to fabricate complete

WTE system (expected completion Q2 2019).

• System will convert up to 4 tons per day of mixed waste.

• Used in standard military generators, expected to produce ~800kWh of net

electricity per waste ton.

U.S. Department of EnergyOne of seven projects selected as a High Impact Project for U.S. grid modernization

• National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) Energy Systems Integration

Facility (Golden, CO)

Awarded Small Business Voucher to partner with Idaho National Laboratory, one of

the nation’s premier technology and science labs. One of 37 projects selected

nationwide from pool of 700 applicants.

• Bioenergy Project: Optimizing Bioenergy Feedstock Preparation and Formats for

Use in Small-Scale Gasification Systems

• Awarded User Facility Agreement at Idaho National Laboratory to study size and

moisture content of feedstocks for the HelioStorm.

• Over 10,000°C at the core - entire interior

of the processor is a plasma reaction zone

• Processing zone contains hyper-energetic

gaseous ions, accelerating conversion

process

• Vaporizes all feedstock, including carbon

• Transforms water into high-energy

oxygen and hydrogen radicals and ions,

rather than lower-energy steam

Once immersed in the Ionic

Gasification zone, waste

spontaneously and completely

breaks all the way down to

individual atoms and ions

Processing Zone Temperatures

for WTE Technologies

What Is “Ionic” Gasification?

Cogent’s Vertical Drop-Through Design

• Plasma field fills entire internal volume

• Feedstock falls through, fully immersed in

hyper-high temperature (~10,000oC) reaction

zone, spontaneously breaking down into

individual atoms and ions

• Modular design of paired electrodes creates a

cascade of energy that reduces total input

power consumption and generates a surplus

of energy product

• Independent 3rd party tests at INL & Atlantic

Analytical Laboratory have shown the syngas to

be free of:

o Long-chain hydrocarbons

o Contaminant chemicals, emissions, pollutants

Feedstock

Residue

Syngas

Proprietary Technology:

Real World System in Idaho Falls

Exclusive Licenses - Idaho National LabCogent Energy Systems is the exclusive

worldwide licensee of the underlying gasification

technology patents developed by CTO Peter

Kong while at the Idaho National Laboratory

Independent Patents – Cogent’s New IPOne patent issued for intellectual property

developed during Cogent’s R&D phase, while

others patent applications are in pending status

Example Deployed System Layout

Recent Development Timeline

R&D Unit Fielded

Proof-of-Concept Demonstration

Navy SBIR Phase I

Testing & Design Upgrades Using R&D Unit

Navy SBIR Phase II

Commercial-scale Unit Constructed, Tested, and Demonstrated

2016

2017

2018-2019

Current Generation System

Prepared feed, syngas flare - Testing Underway

Summary of Material Processing Tests

• Flour and sugar

• Shredded poplar wood

• Corn stover

• Pyrolysis oil

• Hog feed

• Simulated MSW (poplar,

corn stover, hog feed,

plastic, glass, and

aluminum)

• Real MSW products

from city in California

• Plastic waste

• Construction and

demolition (C&D) waste

------

Successfully tested various

sizes (up to ½”) and

moisture contents (up to

50%)

Measured Syngas Composition

Feed Material Syngas Molar Concentration

H2 CO CO2 CH4 > CH4 O2

MSW (composition #1) 55.10% 38.30% 6.60% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

MSW (composition #2) 47.00% 44.60% 5.10% 0.00% 0.00% 3.20%

Woody Biomass 48.30% 47.80% 2.70% 0.00% 0.00% 1.20%

Corn Stover 48.30% 50.00% 1.70% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

C&D Waste 46.30% 51.00% 2.73% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Syngas Composition

High-quality syngas produced consistently without toxic byproducts or carbonaceous residue

Inorganic Residue

Energy Balance for

One Ton of MSWPower Balance for

3.5 TPD of MSW

Projected Energy and Power Balances

Results of SBIR-funded analysis and testing yield projected 780kWh

net exportable electricity per ton of standard-composition MSW input.

This projection varies considerably depending on:

• energy and moisture content of feedstock

• energy consumption requirements of front-end and back-end

system components

• conversion efficiency from syngas to electricity.

Next Steps

Complete Testing and Optimization of Existing System

Integrate Feedstock Preparation (shredder) and Electricity Generation (genset)

Empirically Determine Energy Balance and Demonstrate Long-Term Run Properties

Deliver Systems to Military and Commercial Customers

Thank You & Questions

Abraham E. Haspel, Ph.D.

Chief Executive Officer

O: +1 (202) 640-2558

M: +1 (202) 412-0869

E: ahaspel@cogentenergysytems.com

cogentenergysystems.com